Appendix B System Networks

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System Networks: Visual | Textual | Discursive transformations

THE IDEATIONAL METAFUNCTION

TYPES OF STRUCTURES/PROCESSES PARTICIPANTS

NARRATIVE

Serve to present

unfolding actions& events,

processes of

change,

transitoryspatial

arrangements

a. Action Transactional Unitransactional

a vector, formed by a

depicted element,

connects two

participants

Actor & Goal

Bitransactional

a vector, formed by a

depicted element,

connects two

Interactors

Interactors

Non-transactional

a vector, formed by a depicted element,

emanates from a participant, the Actor, but

does not point at any other participant

Actor

b. Reaction Transactional

an eyelinevector connects two participants

Reacter

&

Phenomenon

Non-transactional

an eyelinevector emanates from aparticipant, the Reactor, but does not point

at another participant

Reacter

Circumstances

(Setting, Means

&Accompaniment)

Secondaryparticipants

which could be left out

without affecting the

basic proposition

realized by the narrative

pattern, even thoughtheir deletion would of

course entail a loss of

information


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TYPES OF STRUCTURES/PROCESSES PARTICIPANTS

CONCEPTUAL

Represent

participants in

terms of their

class, structure

or meaning,namely in terms

of their

generalizedand

more or less

stableand

timeless essence.

a.

Classificational

Relate participantsto each other in

terms of a kind of

relation, a taxonomy

Covert taxonomy

The Superordinate is either only indicated in

the accompanying text, or inferred fromsuch similarities as the viewer may perceive

to exist between the Subordinates

Superordinates

&

Subordinates

Overt

taxonomy

Single-levelledA participant

(Superordinate) is

connected to two or

more other

participants

(Subordinates)

through a tree

structure with two

levels only

Multi-levelledA participant

(Superordinate) is

connected to two or

more other

participants

(Subordinates)

through a tree

structure with more

than two levels

b. Analytical

Relate participants in terms of part-whole structure

Carrier(the whole)

PossesiveAttributes(the parts)

c. Symbolic

Are about what a

participant isor

means

AttributiveRepresent meaning and identity as

conferredto one participant, the Carrier.

There are two participants: the participant

whose meaning or identity is established in

the relation, the Carrier, and the participant

which represents the meaning or identity

itself, the Symbolic Attribute.

Human participants usually pose for the

viewer.

Carrier

&

Symbolic

Attributes (madesalient through

representation, pointed

at, look out of place in

the whole, or

conventionally

associated withsymbolic values)

SuggestiveRepresent meaning and identity as coming

from within, as deriving from qualities of

the Carrier themselves.

CarrierA generalized essence,

not a specific moment


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THE INTERPERSONAL FUNCTIONRelations between represented participants (human or not) and the viewer

CONTACT

Gaze

Demand pictures Gaze at the viewer

(address the viewer directly, realizing a visualyou)

Offer pictures Absence of gaze at the viewer(represented participants are depicted as objects of

contemplation)

SOCIAL

DISTANCESize of frame

Intimate/personal Close shot (head and shoulders)

Social Medium shot (waist)

Impersonal Long shot (full figure)

ATTITUDE

Perspective

Subjectivity

(the viewer can see whatthere is to see only from a

particular & imposed point

of view)

Involvement Frontal angle(what you see is part of

our world)

Detachment Oblique angle(what you see is notpart

of our world)

Viewer power High angle(makes the subject look

small and insignificant)

Equality Eye level angle

Representation

power

Low angle(makes the subject look

imposing and awesome)

Objectivity

(the image reveals

everything there is to know

violating sometimes the

laws of naturalistic

description or the laws ofnature.

Action

orientation

Frontal angle(this is how it works, this is

how you use it,

this is how you do it)

Knowledge

orientation

Topdown angle(it contemplates the world froma god-like perspective, puts it at

your feet, rather than within

reach of your hands)


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THE TEXTUAL METAFUNCTIONComposition

INFORMATION

VALUE

Centred

(an element

the Centre- is

placed in the

centre of the

composition)

Circular The non-central elements in a centred

composition are placed both aboveand below

and to the sidesof the Centre, and further

elements may be placed in between these

polarized positions

Triptych The non-central elements in a centred

composition are placed eitherto the right and

left or above and below the Centre.

Margin The non-central elements in a centred

composition are identical or near-identical, so

creating symmetryin the composition.

Mediator The Centre of a polarized centred composition

forms a bridgebetween Give and New or/and

Ideal and Real, so reconciling polarizedelements.

Polarized

(there is no

element

element in the

centre of the

composition)

Given The left element in a polarized composition, or

the left polarized element in a centred

composition

New The rightelement in a polarized composition, or

the right polarized element in a centred

composition

Ideal The top element in a polarized composition, or

the top polarized element in a centred

compositionReal The bottomelement in a polarized composition,

or the bottom polarized element in a centred

composition

SALIENCE The degree to which an element draws attentionto itself (color, tonal values,

sharpness, definition, or other features)

FRAMING Disconnection The degree to which an element is visually separatedfrom

other elements through framelines, pictorial framing devices,

empty space between elements, discontinuities of colour and

shape, and other features.

Connection The degree to which an element is visuallyjoined to anotherelements, through the absence of framing devices, through

vectors and through continuities or similarities of colour,

visual shape, etc.


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SystemNetworks:Visual|Textual|Discursivetransformations

thanonesocial

practice

foraclassificationorfunctio

nalization(Barthes)

Distillationconnectssocia

lactorstoseveralsocialpracticesbyabstractingthesame

featurefromtheactorsinvol

vedinthesepractices:professionalswho

offertherapy

Indetermination-representedasu

nspecified,

anonymousindividualsorgroups:somebody,somepeople

Genericisationrepresentedascla

sses:non-Europeanimmigrants

Specification

Individu

alisation-representedasspecific,identifiableindividuals

Assimila

tion-

representedas

groups

Collectivisationtheyaren

otquantified:thecommittee

Aggregationisrealizedbythepresenceofdefiniteorindefinitequ

antifiers:anumberof

critics

Impersonalisation

Abstraction-representedbymeansofaqualityassignedtothembytherep

resentation:thechangingfaceofAustral

ia(insteadofnew

immigrants)

Objectivisation-representedbymeansofreferencetoaplaceorthingcloselyassociatedeitherwiththeirpersonor

withtheactivitythey

arerepresentedasbeingengagedin:report,survey


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Socialactionnetwork

Reaction

Unspecifiedverbslikereactandre

spondandtheirrelatednouns,adjectives&adverbs

Cognitive-think

Affectivefeel,

fear,etc

Perceptivehear,see,etc.

Action

Material-doing

Transactive

Actor&goal

Interactiveverbthatcanonlytake

ahumanobject;affectspeoplebecand

idwith

Instrumentalverbthatcanalsotak

eanonhumanobject;

affectsotherkindsofthings,repres

entpeopleasinterchangeablewithobjec

tsdealseffectivelywith

troublemakers

Non-transactive

onlyactor

Semiotic-

meaning

Behavioralc

ommunicateseffectively

Non-

behavioral

Formspecification-opinion,story,lesson,

diagram,etc.

Topicspecificationaphrasewitha

bout,concerning,etc.

Renditionreportedspeech

Quotation-quote

Activation

actions&reactionsrepresenteddynamically-analyze

Deactivation-statically

Objectivizationtheactions&reac

tionsaredowngradedinordertogiveprioritytosomethingelse:nominalizationsanalysis,dialogue

Descriptivizationmoreorlesspermanentqualitiesofactorsorotherelementsofthesocialpractice:

epithetsorattributesasmilingteacher,speciallytrainedsquadofteachers,etc.

Agentialization

actionsrepresentedasbroughtaboutbyhumanagency

De-agentialization

Eventuationactionorreactionrepresentedasanevent,assomethingjusthappens:undergo,experience,happen,etc.

Existentialization-actionorreactio

nrepresentedassomethingsimplyexists:exist,existence,etc.

Naturalization-actionorreactionrepresentedasanaturalprocess:racismis

developing,debatesarebuilding,etc.

Abstraction

Generalizationabstractsawayfromthemorespecificmicro-actionsthatm

akeupactions:distributetheworkload

Distillationabstractqualitiesfrom

actionsorreactionsdiplomacy,

disharmony

Concretization

Singledetermination

Overdetermination

Agivensocialpracticestandsfor

morethanitself

Symbolizationan(oftenfictional)socialpracticestandsforanumberofso

cialpractices:raceodyssey

Inversiononeormoreelementsof

thesocialpracticearechangedintoitso

ppositesTheFlinstones(characters,se

ttings,objectsinthepast&

thewaytheyinteractandlivearecon

temporary)


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Discursiveaddisions:Legimationnetwork

Authority

Legitimation

(imposed)

Custom

Conformitybecauseth

isiswhateverybodyelsedoes

Traditionbecausethis

iswhatwealwaysdo/havedone

Authority

Personalauthorityleg

itimacygiventopeoplewhohaveacertainroleorstatusinaparticularinstitution:becausetheteachersays

soImpersonalauthority

laws,rules&regulations:thelawsays

Recomme

ndation

Expertauthoritylegitimacyisprovidedbyexpertiseratherthanstatus:someexperts

Rolemodelauthority

membersofapeergroupormediacelebrity:inadvertising

Morallegitimation

(basedonvalues)

Evaluationevaluativeadjectives

Abstraction-distillsfrompracticesaqualitythatlinksthemtodiscoursesofmoralvalues:cooperateinsteadofplayinginthe

playground

Comparison-explicitorimplicit,positive(associatedwithpositivevalues)ornegative(associatedwithn

egativevalues)

Rationalizationlegitimation

Instrumental

G

oalorientationpurposesareconstructedasinpeople,asconsciousorunconsciousmotives,aims,goals,

in

tentions:inorderto

M

eansorientation-purposesareconstructedasinactions,andtheactionasameanstoanend:bymeansof

Effectorientationstressestheoutcomeofactions:sothat

Theoretical

Experientialcommonsenseknowledge

Scientificdifferentiatedbodiesofknowl

edgethataredevelopedtolegitimatespe

cificinstitutions

(p

sychology)

Definition-oneactivityisdefinedinterm

sofanother,moralizedactivity:greenwa

shingis

Explanationdescribegeneralattributesorhabitualactivitiesofspecificactors

Predictionbasednotonauthority,butonexpertise

Mythopoesis

(storytelling)

Moraltaleprotagonistsarerewardedforengaginginlegitimate

socialpracticesorrestoringthelegitima

teorder

Cautionarytaleprotag

onistsengageindeviantactivitiesthatle

adtounhappyendings

Overdetermination

In

versiontheactorsand/oractionsareinvertedintermsofspecificsemanticfeat

ures

Symbolizationsymbolicactions,specifi

cactionsthatcanrepresentmorethanon

edomainof

in

stitutionalizedsocialpractice

Multimodallegitimation


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Discursive additions: purpose constructions

Appendix B System Networks

Documents

Transcript of Appendix B System Networks