APPENDIX A - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/30269/1/appendix(a-b).pdf ·...
Transcript of APPENDIX A - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/30269/1/appendix(a-b).pdf ·...
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APPENDIX A
IRRIGATION WORKS IN MYSORE STATE
THE MADRAS-MYSORE AGREEMENT OF 1892
In these rules --
(1) “New Irrigation Reservoirs” shall mean and include such irrigation reservoirs
or tanks as have not before existed, or having once existed, have been abandoned and
been in disuse for more than 30 years past.
(2) A “New Irrigation Reservoir” fed by an anicut across a stream shall be
regarded as a “New Irrigation Reservoir across” that stream.
(3) “Repair of Irrigation Reservoirs” shall include (a) increase of the level of
waste weirs and other improvements of existing irrigation reservoirs or tanks,
provided that either the quantity of water to be impounded, or the area to be
irrigated is not more than the quantity previously impounded, or the area previously
irrigated, by them, and (b) the substitution of a new irrigation reservoir for an in
supersession of an existing irrigation reservoir but in a different situation, or for and
in supersession of a group of existing irrigation reservoirs, provided that the new
work either impounds not more than the total quantity of water previously
impounded by the superseded works, or irrigates not more than the total area
previously irrigated by the superseded works.
(4) Any increase of capacity other than what falls under “Repair of Irrigation
Reservoirs” as defined above shall be regarded as a “New Irrigation Reservoir.”
I. The Mysore Government shall not without the previous consent of the
Madras Government or before a decision under Rule IV below build (a) any new
“Irrigation Reservoirs” across any part of the fifteen main rivers named in the
appended Schedule A or across any stream named in Schedule B below the point
specified in column (5) of the said Schedule B or in any Schedule A, Nos. 4 to 9
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and 14 and 15 or across any of the streams of Schedule B or across the following
streams of Schedule A lower than the points specified hereunder:
Across 1 Tungabhadra-lower than the road crossing at Honhalli
Across 10 Cauvery-lower than the Ramaswami Anicut and
Across 13 Kabini-lower than the Rampur Anicut.
II. When the Mysore Government desires to construct any “New Irrigation
Reservoir” or any new Anicut requiring the previous consent of the Madras Government
under the last preceding rule, then full information regarding the proposed work shall be
forwarded to the Madras Government and consent shall be obtained prior to the actual
commencement of work. The Madras Government shall be bound not to refuse such
consent except for the protection of prescriptive right already acquired and actually
existing. The existence, extent and nature of such right and the mode of exercising it being,
in every case, determined in accordance with the law on the subject of prescriptive right to
the use of water and in accordance with what is fair and reasonable under all the
circumstances of each individual case.
III. Should there arise a difference of opinion between the Madras and
Mysore Governments in any case, in which the consent of the former is applied for
under the last preceding rule, the same shall be referred to the final decision either
of arbitrators appointed by both Governments or of the Government of India.
IV. The consent of the Madras Government is given to new irrigation
reservoirs specified in the appended Schedule C with the exception of the
Srinivasasagara new reservoir across the Pennar, the Ramasamudram new
reservoir across the Chitravati and the Venkatesasagara new reservoir across the
Papaghni. Should owing to omission of the Mysore Government to make or
maintain these work in reasonably adequate standard of safety, irrigation works in
Madras themselves be damaged, the Mysore Government shall pay to the Madras
Government reasonable compensation for such damage.
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As regards the three new reservoirs excepted above, the admissibility of any
compensation from Mysore to Madras on account of loss accruing to Madras
irrigation works from diminution of supply of water caused by the construction of the
said works, will be referred to the Government of India whose decision will be
accepted as final and should such compensation be decided to be admissible the
decision of the Government of India as to the amount there of will be accepted after
submission to them of the claims of Madras which would be preferred in full detail
within a period of five years after the completion of said works.
V. The foregoing rules shall apply also to the Madras Government as regards
streams flowing through British territory into Mysore.
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Schedule A Main Rivers Remarks
1. Tungabhadra
2. Tunga Tributary of Tungabhadra
3. Bhadra Do
4. Hagari or Vedavati Do
5. Pennar or Northern Pinakini
6. Chitravati Tributary of Pennar or Northern Pinakini
7. Papagni Do
8. Palar Do
9. Pennar or Southern Pinakini
10. Cauvery
11. Hemavathi Tributary of the Cauvery
12. Laxmanathirtha Do
13. Kabini Do
14. Honhole (or Suvernavathy) Do
15. Yagachi up to the Belur Bridge Tributary of the Hemavathi
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Schedule B
List of the minor streams and catchments in Mysore territory on which no new irrigation reservoirs are to be
built within the limits specified without previous reference to the Madras Government
Ser
ial N
umbe
rs in
S
ched
ule
A
Drainages Minor Branches
Defined limit on a stream below, which or defined
drainage area within which, no new irrigation reservoirs
are to be built without previous reference to Madras Government
Distance from frontier as
measured up the stream
(Approximate)
Remarks
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
I Tungabhadra 1(a) Charodi or Kumadvati Up to the bridge on this river on Honnali-Shikarpur road
10 miles ----
1 Sulikere-halla The bund of Sulikere tank
46 miles The Sulikere tank seldom discharges. The stream joins the Tungabhadra in Mysore territory
2 Sagali-halla Up to the boundary line of the Chanagiri taluk
40 miles About this point there are numerous existing tanks, and the run-off from these smaller catchments are of no appreciable importance to floods in the Tungabhadra river
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3 Saratti-halla As far as the boundary line of the Kakkargola, and Avargola villages
9½ miles A stream of insignificant importance to floods in the Tungabhadra river. This stream joins the Tungabhadra river in Mysore territory
4 Branch of Sarati-halla from east
Up to Kadaji tank bund 16½ miles Catchment above the Kadaji tank small and insignificant
5 North Hagari Up to boundary of Chitaldrug taluk
12½ miles There are no existing Madras works on this branch of the Tungabhadra
6 Branch of Hagari
Up to Anaji tank bund 10 miles -Do-
7 Sokke-halla Up to the Hoskere tank bund 9 miles No existing Madras works on this stream before it joins the North Hagari. Catchments above Hoskere and Kyasenhalli tanks very small and insignificant
8 Branch of Sokke-halla Up to the Kyasenhalli tank bund
9 miles -Do-
9 Jiganhalli tank (Madras) catchment
The whole of the outlying bit of Mysore territory which drains into the Madras tank
--- This is an outlying bit of Mysore territory in latitude 10° 55′; longitude 76° 38′
10 Anantapur tank (Madras) catchment
The whole of the area of the extreme northern portion of the Molakaimuru taluk in Mysore which drains northwards into the Anantapur (Madras) tank catchment
--- There are existing Madras tanks below, and the whole area which drains into such tanks is included
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11 China-Nagari Up to where the stream crosses the frontier near Rangaiyandroog
16 miles This stream joins the main river about 8 miles beyond the frontier
12 Sherikola-halla or Nagalapura tank (Madras) catchment
The whole catchment area in Mysore territory
--- Affects the supply to Madras tank below
13 Rangasamudram tank (Madras) catchment
The whole area of catchment of the tank in Mysore territory
--- The stream from this catchment leaves Mysore territory in latitude 14° 37′ 30″ and longitude 76° 30′ 48″
14 Yeradkere tank (Madras) catchment
-Do- --- The Yeradkere in Madras is on latitude 14° 30′; longitude 76° 57′ 30″
15 Main stream of the taluk drainage
Up to the bridge over this stream on the Salem-Bellary road
15½ miles The road is a convenient point for a limit. This stream joins the Vedavati river within Mysore limits
16 Main stream of the Doderi drainage
Up to the boundary of the Hosahalli village
17½ miles Latitude 14° 21′; longitude 76° 49′. This stream joins the Vedavati river within Mysore territory
17 Virapasamudram and Amarapur tank (Madras) catchment
The whole area of catchment of this series in Mysore territory
--- This area represents a large proportion of the Pavagada taluk of Mysore
V Pennar or Northern Pinakini
18 Mulkalkara tank (Madras) catchment
-Do- --- This Madras tank is situated in latitude 14° 8′; longitude 77° 26′ 20″
19 Ruddam tank (Madras) catchment
-Do- --- A considerable area in the north of the Maddagiri taluk of Mysore is on this catchment
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20 Virapasamudram tank (Mysore) catchment
The whole area of the catchment of this series in Mysore territory
--- This terminal tank is in S.E. corner of the Pavagada taluk of Mysore, but there are some Madras tanks above in the Madakasira Tahsildari. The catchment excluded from Mysore operations is chiefly in the north of the Maddagiri taluk
21 Purghi tank (Madras) catchment
-Do- --- The catchment excluded from Mysore operations is in the north of the Maddagiri taluk
22 Jayamangali river Up to its junction with 28 miles the Garudachala stream
28 miles The river above this point is of minor importance to Madras
23 Suvarnamuki branch of Jayamangali
Up to site of Rampur anicut 25 miles Joins the Jayamangali a few miles below this point
24 Kumadvati Up to site of anicut feeding the Kodagatur and Gundagal tanks in Mysore
9½ miles This stream joins the Pennar on the Mysore frontier
25 Chaulur tank (Madras) catchment
The whole direct catchment of this tank in Mysore territory
--- This Madras tank is on the west bank of the Pennar just outside Mysore territory
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26 Western or Thondebhavi branch of the Pennar or N. Pinakini
Up to its source 27 to 30 miles ---
27 Central or Varvani branch of the Pennar or N. Pinakini
-Do- 25 miles ---
28 Hindupur tank (Madras) catchment
The whole area of catchment of this series in Mysore territory
--- An important and large area of the Goribidnur taluk is here excluded from Mysore operations in a part where water for irrigation is much appreciated
VI Chitravati 29 Kushavati stream (Bukkapatna tank catchment in Madras)
Up to site of Daparti anicut 10½ miles The large Gudibanda bank in Mysore and the 20 smaller tanks above impound a very large proportion of the upper catchment already
30 Chitravati catchment (Bukkapatna tank catchment)
The whole area to the north of the Chelur-Bagenhalli road
--- This portion of the Chitravati catchment being more hilly and barren, the run-off is greater than in the more cultivated and level catchment to the South of the Chelur-Bagenhalli road
VII Papaghni river 31 Vadnaman-halla Up to Naremadipalli tank 9½ miles No Madras works affected up to the junction of this stream with the Papaghni river
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32 Guntpalli tank (Madras) catchment
The whole area of catchment in Mysore territory
--- This Madras tank is situated just above the large Vyasasamudram tank
33 Sadam tank (Madras) catchment
The main stream up to its source
17 to 18 miles This Madras tank, the water spread of which is partly in Mysore territory, drains into the Papaghni river just above the Vyasasamudram tank
34 Kotagal branch of the Papaghni
Up to Kotagal tank 17 to 18 miles The catchment above Kotagal tank is comparatively small and unimportant with numerous small tanks already on it
35 Tippasamudram tank (Madras) catchment
The Marasanpalli-Digavakote stream up to Digavakote-Pathacheruvu tank; and the Marasanpalli-Gudedu stream up to Gudedu tank
9½ miles
13 miles
These are the only two important streams on this catchment, and above these terminal tanks there are a large number of small tanks on the small drainages. These terminal tanks are only situated from 4 to 5 miles from the watershed of the Palar
36 Rangasamudram tank (Madras) catchment
Adgal stream up to Adgal-Vasantanayakankere tank
6½ miles The Adgal tank is situated 6 miles from the watershed, and there are numerous tanks in this distance
Kurigepalli branch stream up to the Kurigepalli tank
4½ miles The Kurigepalli tank is only 4 miles from the watershed, and there are some 18 small tanks above it
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VIII Palar river 37 Nangli (Mysore) tank drainage
Main stream up to its source 17½ miles There are 12 Mysore tanks situated on this main stream
38 Shettikal (Mysore) tank drainage
-Do- 10 miles There are about 5 existing Mysore tanks and 1 breached tank on this main stream
39 Malinayakanhalli (Mysore) drainage
-Do- 6½ miles There are 4 existing Mysore tanks on this main stream
40 Vegmadgu (Mysore) drainage
-Do- 7 miles There are 4 existing Mysore tanks on this main stream
41 Tailur tank (Mysore) drainage
-Do- 23 miles There are 10 Mysore tanks on this important branch of the Palar, the terminal tank being 12½ miles from the frontier
IX Pennar (Ponniar in Madras) or South Pinakini
42 Verushuvavati river Main stream up to Koppa (or Kuppam) tank
16 miles There are 76 tanks above the Koppa tank which is only some 12 miles from the watershed
43 Budikote stream Main stream up to Thimmanyakan-halli tank
21 miles There are 146 tanks above this terminal tank which is only about 12 miles from the watershed
44 Masti catchment The whole area of catchment in Mysore territory
--- About 45.40 square miles in area in which there are 63 tanks in existence
45 Kadgodi drainage Main stream up to its 36 miles source
--- There are 10 Mysore tanks on this main stream now in use, most of them of large size
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Schedule C
List of works already in progress, and which are to be allowed to be completed, although they would be barred by
the proposed rules for restriction of Mysore operations
Ser
ial N
umbe
rs in
S
ched
ule
A
Main river Drainage
Ser
ial n
umbe
r of
st
ream
or
catc
hmen
t in
Sch
edul
e B
Name of work in progress
Dat
e on
whi
ch
wor
k w
as
sanc
tione
d
Am
ount
of
estim
ates
in r
upee
s
Exp
endi
ture
in
curr
ed to
end
of
M
arch
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1
Descriptive Remarks
I II III
Tungabhadra Tunga Bhadra
--- --- ---
--- --- ---
--- --- ---
--- --- ---
--- --- ---
No works in progress on these catchments which are affected by the proposed rules submitted to Madras
IV Hagari or Vedavati 17 Restoration the Arsikere-Hampaiyandurga tank
May 1889 4,362 --- The estimate provides for raising the weirs by 2 feet and increasing capacity from 107 to 163 units. Work in abeyance owing to objection raised by Madras Government. But it is not intended to irrigate more than the area of land (189 acres) assessed as wet by the revenue survey
17 Restoration of the Arsikere-Gujjarappankere tank
-Do- 3,582 --- The estimate provides for raising the weir by 1 foot and to increase the capacity from 149 to 186 units. The raising of the weirs by
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1 foot will not do more than compensate for the silting up of the bed for years
V Pennar or Northern Pinakini
Main Stream New reservoir (Srinivasasagara) across the river near Kothagara-halli
July 1888 99,206 66,696 This new masonry dam with earthen bund on flanks is two thirds completed. No Madras works affected. The capacity of the tank will be 610 units and it is intended to irrigate 800 or more acres. This work is referred to by Colonel H Smalley, R.E., in his No. 674, dated 10th June 1890, to Chief Engineer for Irrigation, Madras
28 Restoration and improvement of Myala tank
Sep. 1887 Dec. 1889
(Original estimate) 14,452
(Revised estimate) 17,168
13,130 The capacity was increased from 95 units to 318 units, and the work is nearing completion. This tank is on the Hindupur (Madras) tank catchment, but only has a catchment of 38.80 square miles of its own
28 Raising the weirs of the Mahamaleswara tank
Sep. 1890 3,165 865 This is a small tank above the Myola noted above. The estimate provides for increasing the capacity of the tank from 62 to 102 units. The former capacity having proved insufficient to irrigate the 198 acres of assessed wet lands. No increased area of irrigation is provided for. The total catchment above this tank is only 3 square miles.
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28 Restoring the Manivala tank
Feb. 1889 4,094 2,860 The tank weir is to be raised 2 feet, and capacity increased from 139 to 211 units, but only in order to impound sufficient water to irrigate the tanks original atchkat of 350 acres
VI Chitravati Main Stream New reservoir (Ramasamudram) near Periya-sandra
May 1888 75,077 51,824 This reservoir is noticed by Colonel H Smalley, R.E., in his No. 674, dated 10th June 1890, to Chief Engineer for Irrigation. It is to have a capacity of 1,207 units to irrigate 1,200 acres. The catchment area above the tank is 47.61 square miles
30 Restoration of the Malsandra Raovar tank
Dec. 1888 4,742 4,724 Weirs of the tank were raised 2 feed, increasing the capacity from 105 units to 159 units. It is not intended to increase the area originally irrigated, 258 acres. The capacity of the tank is even now insufficient unless the tank fills 1½ times in the year. Work is nearly completed
VII Papaghni river Main stream New reservoir (Vengatesasagara) near Devaganhalli
June 1888 60,985 28,423 This work is noticed by Colonel H Smalley, R.E., in his No. 674, dated 10th June 1890, to Chief Engineer for Irrigation. The tank will impound 517 units as designed, and will perhaps irrigate 750 acres if it fills 1½ times. The catchment above the tank is 61 square miles.
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-Do- Restoring the Buradagunte anicut, channel and tank
Dec. 1888 25,575 17,350 This work consists in (1) building a masonry anicut with the usual earth flank bunds across the main stream, (2) restoring the old channel there from and (3) restoring the Buradagunte Timmasani tank and increasing its capacity from 111 units to 167 units. This project is also noticed by Colonel Smalley in his report No. 674 dated 10th June 1890
Restoring the Timmanayakanhalli Agrahar Tank
Aug. 1888 16,776 13,234 Noticed also in Colonel Smalley’s letter above quoted. This is a restoration of an old breached tank 26 miles up the main stream and 2 miles above the Chintamani Begerhalli road. The tank is to impound 240 units and irrigates 250 acres as against its original atchkat (Irrigable area) of 330 acres as per revenue survey maps. Work is nearing completion
35 Restoring Kotekallur tank
April 1888 6,564 5,690 This project consists in the restoration of a tank which breached in 1874, and for increasing its capacity from 25 to 80 units. It is 6 miles from the frontier on the Tippasamudram (Madras) tank catchment
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VIII Palar river 37 Restoring the Byatnur Nagavara tank
Sep. 1888 14,300 8,102 This is the terminal tank of the series. The capacity being increased from 152 to 320 units, it is only intended to irrigate the original area of 365 acres included in the atchkat
37 Restoring Marandhalli tank
Mar. 1886 Revised
estimate in July 1888
5,345 5,254 The project provides for raising the weirs 3 feet and increasing the capacity from 121 to 186 units, to irrigate perhaps 250 acres. Work is nearing completion
41 Restoring Jagalkashti Dodkere tank
April 1888 Revised estimate in Jan. 1890
7,246 7,210 Project provides for raising the weirs 3 feet and increasing the capacity from 50 to 107 units. Work is nearly completed. No Madras works affected
IX Pennar (Ponniar in Madras) or Southern Pinakini
Main Stream Restoring Bhadram tank
April 1888 21,689 15,033 The project provides for raising the weirs of this tank by 3 feet and increasing the capacity from 701 units to 1,225 units. This work to the tank itself is nearly completed and only channels have now to be extended
44 Restoration of Sante-halli tank
Nov. 1889 7,480 4,076 This tank is in the Masti catchment. The weirs are to be raised 3 feet and capacity increased from 93 to 154 units. No Madras works are affected
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APPENDIX - B
MYSORE-MADRAS CAUVERY AGREEMENT 1924
On the 18th February, 1924, an agreement was executed on behalf at the
Government of Madras and the Mysore Durbar which finally settled the
longstanding dispute relating to the utilization of the waters of the River Cauvery
in Madras and Mysore respectively. This agreement has just been ratified by the
right honorable the secretary of State. The history of this dispute is well known.
In 1913 the question was referred to arbitration but the award given in 1914 was of
a nature which the Government of Madras was unable to accept and they therefore
appealed to the Secretary of State who there upon suspended the award.
Negotiations between the Government of Madras and the Mysore Durbar were
then commenced with a view to an equitable and friendly settlement of the points
at issue. The principal objection, in the interests of this presidency to the award of
1914 lay in the fact that, although the award provided, in terms of gauge readings
at the Cauvery Dam (Upper Anicut) for the supplies which were assumed by the
Arbitrator to represent the established rights of Madras in regard to existing
irrigation in the Cauvery delta, it afforded inadequate protection to Madras in
respect of the surplus waters of the river and of future extensions of irrigation.
These negotiations were conducted on behalf of Madras by the Chief Engineer for
irrigation Mr. J.J. Howley, C.S.I. and Sir Thomas Ward. The Inspector General of
Irrigation was consulted from time to time who visited this presidency in this
connection. From the date of the award, further gauging of the supply available in
the river in each month of the year and of the discharges represented by gauge
readings at the Cauvery dam were continuously maintained and registered, and on
the basis of these observations and of calculations based on the more exact data
which thus became available, the first stage in the settlement was reached in 1921,
when, after very careful and prolonged study of the later results by the late
Colonel Morin, who was then Chief Engineer for Irrigation, and Mr. F.E. Morgan,
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the Assistant Chief Engineer for Irrigation, the first step in the final settlement was
taken in July, 1921 when rules limiting the impounding in the Krishnarajasagara
reading to be maintained at the Cauvery dam and the limitation of extension of
irrigated area in Mysore were agreed to by both sides. During the course of the
subsequent negotiations however, the Mysore Durbar claimed the right to prohibit
any further extension of Irrigation under the river Cauvery or its tributaries in
Madras, whether by improvement of duty or otherwise, to prohibit the
construction of any reservoir on any tributary of the Cauvery in Madras territory,
and to limit the effective capacity of the Madras Cauvery reservoir at Mettur to
82,000 m.c.ft. This Government was unable to accept these restrictions, which
would have seriously affected irrigation facilities in Madras for fifty years at least,
and further negotiations took place. The matter was discussed at meetings which
took place in Mysore and Ootacamund during June and July 1922 between the
members then in charge of the irrigation portfolio, Sir. K. Srinivasa Ayyangar, and
the Dewan of Mysore. No conclusions were however arrived at. Subsequently
several tentative draft agreements were framed and in April, 1923 a further
discussion took place at Bangalore between Sir. Charles to Hunter and the Hon’ble
Mr. C.P. Ramaswami Ayyar, the Dewan of Mysore, at which were present
Mr. Narasimha Ayyangar the under Secretary to the Government of Madras
(Irrigation) and Cadambi, the Special Officer, Krishnarajasagara works. In June
1923, the Hon’ble Mr. C.P. Ramaswami Ayyar discussed the matter in detail with
the Government of India. In September and November 1923 further conferences
were held in Bangalore and Madras between Mr. A.V. Ramalinga Ayyar, Chief
Engineer, assisted by Mr. Narasimha Ayyangar, the Under Secretary, and the
Mysore Engineers. During this period the assistance of Mr. Gebbie, the
Consulting Engineer to the Government of India was obtained, and he attended the
September Conference. The Mysore authorities, however, found themselves
unable to modify their claims already referred to and their position was maintained
unaltered until February last when at a final meeting between the representatives
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in Bangalore, at which Mr. Gebbie, the Consulting Engineer to the Government of
India, was present an amicable agreement was arrived at. Under this agreement,
which was executed on the 18th February, the terms of the agreement of July, 1921
were confirmed the limit of effective capacity of the proposed Madras reservoir
was raised to 93.500 m.c.ft., the right to construct new irrigation works on the
tributaries of the Cauvery in Madras was preserved, and also the right of the
Government of Madras to extend irrigation. During the course of these prolonged
negotiations, this Government in addition to the opinions of their own professional
advisers have had the advantage of the advice and assistance of the Government of
India Irrigation experts and further, before the final settlement was effected they
also consulted the late Chief Engineer for Irrigation Mr. W.J.J. Howley, C.S.I.
whose high professional qualifications and long experience of the case were of the
greatest value.
A most important factor in the case was the effect of any agreement which
might be arrived at, on existing interests and rights in the Cauvery delta including
French territory. These interests were necessarily regarded as a first charge on any
arrangement that might be made. The various representations made by Tanjore
Mirasidars and other interested parties, were most carefully studied and
considered. The advantage which will accrue to this area as the effect of the
proposed storage reservoir in affording a regular and reliable supply independent
of seasonal conditions, cannot be over estimated, while, pending the completion of
the reservoir, the area is fully safe guarded by the limitation of the permissible
storage in Mysore which was also definitely pressed for as necessary to safeguard
the rights of Tanjore and Trichinopoly ryots and so as to allow of further
extension.
This Government has further agreed with the Mysore Durbar that Mysore
shall utilize the water power available at metadata for the development of electric
195
power, subject to the right of Madras to purchase power from this source if
required, at a concessional rate. In view of the very large sources of power which
are available in this presidency, it is doubtful whether power from metadata will
be required. The agreement is a most satisfactory termination of this prolonged
dispute as while it affords complete protection of existing irrigation, it also enables
the Madras Government to proceed with their reservoir at Mettur as soon as the
Secretary of State has sanctioned the project, and to effect a considerable
extension of irrigated area.
P. HAWKINS, Joint Secretary to Government,
Public Works Department (Irrigation)
196
AGREEMENT
1. WHEREAS by an agreement dated 18th February, 1892, commonly known
and cited as the 1892 agreement, entered into between the Government of
His Highness the Maharaja of Mysore, hereinafter referred to as the Mysore
Government and the Government of Madras hereinafter referred to as the
Madras Government certain rules and schedules defining the limits within
which the new irrigation work are to be constructed by the Mysore
Government without previous reference to the Madras Government were
framed and agreed to, and
2. WHEREAS under Clause III of the said agreement the Mysore Government
asked for the consent of the Madras Government to the construction of a
dam and a reservoir across and on the river Cauvery at Kannambadi now
known as the Krishnarajasagara dam and reservoir and
3. WHEREAS a dispute arose as to the terms under which the Mysore
Government were to construct the dam in the manner and form proposed by
them, and
4. WHEREAS such dispute was referred to the arbitration of Sir. H.D. Griffin
who gave an award in the year 1914 as to the terms and conditions under
which the Madras Government should consent to the construction of the
said dam and reservoir and
5. WHEREAS the Madras Government after the said award of the said
arbitrator was ratified by the Government of India, appealed to the
Secretary of State for India who re-opened the question, and
6. WHEREAS there upon the Mysore Government and the Madras
Government with a view to an amicable settlement of the dispute entered
into negotiations with each other, and
7. WHEREAS as a result of such negotiations, certain rules of the
Krishnarajasagara Reservoir were framed and agreed to by the Chief
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engineers of the Mysore and Madras Governments on the 26th day of July
of the year 1921, such Rules of Regulation forming Annexure I to this
agreement, and
8. WHEREAS thereafter the technical officers of the two Governments have
met in conference and examined the question of extension of irrigation in
their respective territories with a view to reaching an amicable arrangement,
and
9. WHEREAS as a result of such examination and conference by the technical
officers of the two Governments, certain points with respect to such
extension were agreed to respectively by the Chief Engineer for Irrigation,
Madras and the Special Officer, Krishnarajasagara works at Bangalore, on
the 14th day of September, 1923, such points forming Annexure III to this
agreement Rules of regulation of the agreement 1924.
10. Now these presents witness that the Mysore Government and the Madras
Government do hereby agree and bind themselves, their successors and
representatives as follows:
(i) The Mysore Government shall be entitled to construct and the Madras
Government do hereby assent under Clause III of the 1892 Agreement to
the Mysore Government constructing a dam and a reservoir across and on
the River Cauvery at Kannambadi, now known as the Krishnarajasagara,
such dam and reservoir to be of a storage capacity of not higher than 112
feet above the sill of the under sluices now in existence corresponding to
124 feet of the dam, and to be of the effective capacity of 44,827 m.c.ft.,
measured from the sill of the irrigation sluices constructed at 60 feet level
above the river up to the maximum height of 124 feet above the bed of the
river, the level of the bed of the river before the construction of the
reservoir being taken as 12 feet blow the sill level of the existing under-
sluices, and such dam and reservoir to be in all respects as described in
schedule forming Annexure II to this agreement.
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(ii) The Mysore Government on their part hereby agree to regulate the
discharge through and from the said reservoir strictly in accordance with
the rules of regulation set forth in the Annexure I, which Rules of
Regulation shall be and form part of this agreement.
(iii) The Mysore Government hereby agree to furnish to the Madras
Government with in two years from the date of the present agreement,
dimensioned plans of Anicuts and sluices or open heads at the off-takes of
all existing irrigation channels having their source in the rivers Cauvery,
Lakshmanathirtha and Hemavathi, showing hereon in a distinctive colour
all alterations that have been made subsequent to the year 1910, and further
to furnish maps similarly showing the location of the areas irrigated by the
said channels prior to or in the year 1910.
(iv) The Mysore Government on their part shall be at liberty to carry out future
extensions of irrigation in Mysore under the Cauvery and its tributaries to
an extent now fixed at 110.000 acres. This extent of new irrigation of
110.000 acres shall be in addition to and irrespective of the extent of
irrigation permissible under the rules of regulation forming Annexure I to
this agreement, viz., 125,000 acres plus the extension permissible under
each of the existing channels to the extent of one-third of the area actually
irrigated under such channel in or prior to 1910.
(v) The Madras Government on their part agrees to limit the new area of
irrigation under their Cauvery-Mettur project to 30,100 acres and the
capacity of the new reservoir at Mettur, above the lowest irrigation sluice,
to ninety-three thousand five hundred million cubic feet.
Provided that should scour sluices constructed in the dam at a lower
level than the irrigation sluice, the dates on which such scouring sluices are
opened shall be communication to the Mysore Government.
(vi) The Mysore Government and the Madras Government agree with reference
to the provisions of Clauses (iv) and (v) preceding, that each Government
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shall arrange to supply the other as soon after the close of each official or
calendar year, as may be convenient, with returns of the areas newly
brought under irrigation, and with the average monthly discharges at the
main canal heads, as soon after the close of each month as may be
convenient.
(vii) The Mysore Government on their part agree that extensions of irrigation in
Mysore as specified in Clause (iv) above shall be carried out only by means
of reservoirs constructed on the Cauvery and tributaries mentioned in
Schedule A of the 1892 agreement. Such reservoirs may be of an effective
capacity of 45,000 m.c.ft. in the aggregate and the impounding there in
shall be so regulated as not to make any material diminution in supplies
connoted by the gauges Sagara forming Annexure I to this agreement, it
being understand that that rules for working such reservoirs shall be so
framed as to reduce to within 5 percent any loss during any impounding
period, by the adoption of suitable proportion factors, impounding formula
or such other means as may be settled at the time.
(viii) The Mysore Government further agree that full participants and details of
such reservoir schemes and of the impounding therein, shall be furnished to
the Madras Government to enable them to satisfy themselves that the
conditions in Clause (vii) above will be fulfilled should there arise any
difference of opinion between the Madras and Mysore Governments as to
whether the said conditions are fulfilled in regard to any such scheme or
schemes. Both the Madras and Mysore Governments agree that such
difference shall be settled in the manner provided in Clause (xv) below.
(ix) The Mysore Government and the Madras Government agree that the
reserve storage for power generation purposes now provided in the
Kirshnarajasagara may be utilized by the Mysore Government according to
their convenience from any other reservoir hereafter to be constructed, and
the storage thus released from the Krishnarajasagara may be utilized for
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new irrigation within the extent of 1,10,000 acres provided for in Clause
(iv) above.
(x) Should the Mysore Government so decide to release the reserve storage for
power generation purposes from the Krishnarajasagara, the working table
for the new reservoir from which the power water will then be utilized shall
be framed after taking into consideration the conditions specified in Clause
(vii) above and the altered conditions of irrigation under the
Krishnarajasagara.
(xi) The Mysore Government and the Madras Government further agree that the
limitations and arrangements embodied in Clauses (iv) to (viii) supra shall,
at the expiry of fifty years from the date of execution of these presents, be
open to reconsideration in the light of the experience gained and of an
examination of the possibilities of the further extension of irrigation within
the territories of the respective Governments and to such modifications and
additions as may be mutually agreed upon as the result of such
reconsideration.
(xii) The Madras Government and Mysore Government further agree that the
limits of extension of irrigation specified in Clauses (iv) and (v) above shall
not preclude extensions of irrigation effected solely by improvement of
duty, without any increase of the quantity of water used.
(xiii) Nothing herein agreed to or contained shall be deemed to qualify or limit in
any manner the operation of the 1892 agreement in regard to matters other
then those to which this agreement relates or to affect the rights of the
Mysore Government to construct new irrigation works on the tributaries of
the Cauvery in Mysore not included in Schedule A of the 1892 agreement.
(xiv) The Madras Government shall be at liberty to construct new irrigation
works on the tributaries of the Cauvery in Madras and, should the Madras
Government construct, on the Bhavani, Amaravathi or Noyyal rivers in
Madras, any new storage reservoir, the Mysore Government shall be at
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liberty to construct, as an off-set, a storage reservoir, in addition to those
referred to in Clause (vii) of this agreement on one of the tributaries of the
Cauvery in Mysore, of capacity not exceeding 60 percent of the new
reservoir in Madras: Provided that the impounding in such reservoirs shall
not diminish or effect in any way the supplies to which the Madras
Government and the Mysore Government respectively are entitled under
this agreement, or the division of surplus water which, it is anticipated, will
be available for division on the termination of this agreement as provided in
Clause (xi).
(xv) The Madras Government and the Mysore Government hereby agree that, if
at any time there should arise any dispute between the Madras Government
and the Mysore Government touching the interpretation or operation or
carrying out of this agreement, such dispute shall be referred for settlement
to arbitration, or if the parties so agree shall be submitted to the
Government of India.
18th February, 1924 P. Hawkins Secretary to Government,
Public Works Department, Madras
18th February, 1924 A.R. BANERJI Dewan of Mysore
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ANNEXURE I
RULES OF REGULATION OF THE KRISHNARAJASAGARA --
RESERVOIR UNDER CONSTRUCTION ON THE CAUVERY IN THE
MYSORE TERRITORY
Preamble
The following rules of regulation of the Krishnarajasagara (formerly known
and referred to, in the rules of regulation previously in force, as the Kannambadi
reservoir) shall supersede in to those forming part of the award, dated 21st April,
1914, on term of reference 3(a) given by the arbitrator appointed by the
Government of India to arbitrate between the Madras and the Mysore
Governments on the question of the storage of the water of the River Cauvery
within Mysore territory. The rules, with the exception of No. 1 to 9 inclusive, 10
(except in so far as it relates to kn), 11, 12, 14 (ii), 15 to 17 inclusive 22, 23, 26 (i),
(iii) and (v) 27 to 30 inclusive and 32, shall be subject to amendment as may be
desirable, subject to the conditions below:
(a) The rules may be altered tentatively for one or two years, by agreement of
both parties.
(b) At the end of the tentative period the amended rules may be confirmed by
the consent of both parties.
(c) Subject to conditions (a) and (b) above, amendment of any rule shall not be
a bar to further amendment or reversion to the original rules by consent to
both parties.
Rules of Regulation, General
1. The carrying out of these rules of regulation shall in so far as they relate to
the regulations of the Krishnarajasagara, be the duty of a controlling officer
appointed by the Government of Mysore, and of a sub-ordinate staff
working under his order.
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2. The only discretion to be exercised by the controlling officer, in operating
the rules of regulation shall be as to the means by which the water to be
passed from the reservoir to the river shall be passed and such discretion
shall be exercised in general accordance with the instructions of the Mysore
Government.
3. The curves of discharge of all gauging places in the Mysore State shall be
verified by gauging at intervals of three years. Cross-sections of the rivers
at the gauging sites shall be taken twice a year, in the first fortnight in June
and in the first fortnight of October. If a cross-section taken in June, at any
gauging site, indicates a marked change in cross-sectional area, gauge for
gauge, joint gauging shall be made at once, on the request of either party to
verify the discharge curve for the station. Any modification in the curve,
found necessary, shall not however, be applied to regulation for the year in
which the gauging are made.
4. The verification of curves of discharge referred to in Rule 3 above shall be
made jointly by Mysore and Madras: and if such verification shows that
modification is necessary such modification shall be made with mutual
agreement.
5. All formulae and co-efficient in such formulae of discharge referred to in
the rules, shall be subject to revision by mutual agreement.
6. All quantities and readings at gauge to be telegraphed in accordance with
these rules shall be expressed in words.
II. Limit Gauges and Discharges at the Upper Anicut
7. The minimum flow of the Cauvery that must be ensured at the Upper
Anicut before any impounding is made in the Krishnarajasagara, as
connected by the readings of the Cauvery dam north gauge, shall be
follows:
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Month Readings of the Cauvery Dam North Gauge
June Six and a half feet
July and August Seven and a half feet
September Seven feet
October Six and a half feet
November Six feet
December Three and a half feet
January Three feet
8. The discharge connoted by the gauge readings set froth in Rule 7 shall, in
the case of regulation during the irrigation season (vide Rule 9) of 1921, be
deduced from the joint gauging of the Cauvery Dam made in the four years
ending 1920. The said discharges shall be revised, if necessary after
completion of the joint gauging of 1921 and shall be used for the purpose of
regulation for the given years ending 1926. The said discharges shall be
finally revised and adopted for all subsequent regulation, at the conclusion
of the joint gauging of the year 1926, on the basis of the joint gauging of
the ten years ending 1926.
9. The south-west monsoon shall for the purpose of these rules be considered
to extend from the 1st June to the 30th September, both days inclusive, and
the north-east monsoon from the 1st October to the 31st January, both days
inclusive. All dates in this rule shall have reference to the upper Anicut.
III. Improving formula
10. Impounding in the Krishnarajasagara during the irrigation season shall be
regulated in accordance with following formula
CP
I K n −=
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where, I = Quantity that may be impounded
Kn = Inflow at Krishnarajasagara, that is the measured flow at the three
‘standard’ gauging stations at Chucnchinkatle on the Cauvery, Akkihebbal
on the Hemavathi, and Unduvadi on the Lakshmanathirtha, to which shall
be added allowances for
(i) The yield from the catchment between the ‘standard’ gauging stations and
the Krishnarajasagara calculated in accordance with paragraphs 61 and 62
of Colonel Ellis’s Manual of Irrigation (1920 edition) less the quantity of
water required for tank irrigation in the tract in question. In the catchment,
the discharges of the major streams shall be deduced, if feasible, from
gauge readings by mutual agreement. The duty of water for the areas
irrigated under lake shall be taken as 40.
(ii) The drainage from the anicuts of channels which drain back into the rivers
below the ‘standard’ gauging stations, the quantity in cases of such
drainage for a particular channel being taken to be S/16 of the area irrigated
in acres divided by 40.
C = flow (connoted by the gauge reading for the particular month concerned
given in rule 7 above. The month at Krishnarajasagara corresponding to
that at the Upper Anicut is to be taken as commencing and ending four days
earlier than at the Upper Anicut.
P = The proportion which the natural flow in the Cauvery at the Krishnarajasagara
bears to the corresponding natural flow at the Upper Anicut.
I, Kn and C to be expressed in the same units.
11. (i) Until the 31st January 1927 the values of ‘p’ in the formula in rule 10
shall be taken as 625 during the south-west monsoon and 300 during the
north-east monsoon.
(ii) An examination of the effect of impounding in the Krishanarajasagara on
the supplies realized at the upper Anicut shall be made in the form and in
accordance with the instructions given in Part II of the Appendix to these
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rules for each of the ten years ending with the irrigation season of 1926-27
to see whether the tentative factors of 625 and 300, provided in Part (i) of
this rule should be permanently adopted or whether they should be
increased (vide instructions 25 and 26 of Part II of the Appendix). For the
five irrigation seasons ending 1921-22 the average discharge curve of the
year concerned shall be used. For the months for which it is found
necessary, from the examination referred to above to increase the values of
‘p,’ such values shall be finally adopted and brought into use in lieu of
those in Part (i) of this rule at the beginning of the irrigation season 1927-
28 for months when no increase in the value of ‘o’ is found to be necessary,
the values given in Part (i) of this rule shall be finally retained and brought
into use for the beginning of the same irrigation season.
12. (i) The whole flow of the river at Krishnarajasagara may be impounded in
the reservoir from the 28th January to the 27th of May, both days inclusive
but issues from the reservoir shall be made when necessary to maintain not
less than 900 cusecs below Sivasamudram Anicut.
(ii) Until the dam is completed to a height admitting of F.R.L. 98 feet above sill
level of the existing low level sluices in the dam or until the 28th May 1931,
which ever date is the earlier, as an alternative to Part (1) of this rule
impounding from the 28th January to the 24th February both days inclusive,
shall be in accordance with Rules 7, 10 and 11 as far as they relate to the
month of January, measurement being made at the Krishnarajasagara; and
from the 25th February to the 27th May, both days inclusive, the whole flow
at the Krishnarajasagara may be impounded, subject to a flow of 750 cusecs
being maintained below Sivasamudram Anicut. The Mysore Durbar may at
any time before the year 1931 elect to regulate their reservoir as provided in
Part (i) of this Rule, subject to notice being given to the Government of
Madras before the 31st December of the year proceeding that in which the
Rule will come into operation. In the event of the Mysore Durbar electing
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to regulate in accordance with part (i) of this rule no change shall be made
thereafter.
IV. Gauge Reading and Inflow Computations
13. (i) The standard gauges at the gauging stations on the three rivers above
the Krishnarajasagara and the gauging station below the same shall be read
three times daily, that is 6 am noon and 6 pm.
(ii) All gauge readings shall be telephoned immediately after reading to the
controlling officer at the Krishnarajasagara.
14 (i) The computation of the inflow into the Krishnarajasagara shall be made
by the said controlling officer from the electric water level records of the
three rivers above the Krishnarajasagara with due allowance for the yield
from the intermediate catchment, such allowances being made as provided
in Rule 10. In the event of an electric recorder differing from the
telephoned gauge readings, the latter shall be adopted for computing the
inflow for the time being.
(ii) Until the 27th May, 1923 the discharges at the standard gauging stations
shall be computed from the average curves based on the discharge
observations of the four years 1915-18. For the irrigation seasons 1923-24
to 1927-28, inclusive, the discharges at the standard gauging stations shall
be computed on the previous season’s curves. For irrigation seasons
subsequent to that of 1927-28, the discharges at the standard gauging
stations shall be computed on the latest annual curves available.
(iii) In the event of an electric recorder differing from the telephoned gauge
readings, the Controlling Officer shall, as soon as possible proceed to the
gauging station, check and, if possible, rectify the electric recorder. If the
mechanical record is found to differ from the telephoned gauge readings
and the mechanical recorder is registering accurately, a correction shall be
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made in the tentative inflow recorded in the regulation register in
accordance with the mechanical record.
(iv) In the event of both recorders breaking down, the telephoned gauge
readings shall be the basis of computation.
V. Allowance for Extension of Irrigation in Mysore after the Year 1910
15. The area to which Mysore is entitled to extend irrigation, without passing
compensation water to Madras, by improvement of duty in canals or
channels, in existence prior in the year 1910, taking off from the following
rivers in Mysore
(i) The Hemavathi
(ii) The Lakshmanathirtha
(iii) The Cauvery (above and below the reservoir)
Shall be limited to 1/3 of the existing area prior to the year 1910, the
extension under each channel being considered separately.
16. In lieu of 9,724 acres of old irrigation to be submerged by the
Krishnarajasagara with F.R.C at 118 feet above bed of river or 106 feet
above the sill of the low level sluices now in existence. Mysore should be
entitled to extend irrigation to an area of 12,500 acres, without passing
compensation water to Madras, under canals or channels taking off from
the Hemavathi, the Lakshmanathirtha or the Cauvery, constructed
subsequent to the year 1910 and above the Krishnarajasagara. In the event
of the Krishanarajasagara being constructed of such a capacity as to
submerge less than 9,274 acres, the permissible extension shall be reduced
according to the area actually submerged and in the ratio of 12,500 to 9,274
and when a larger area is submerged owing to the capacity of the reservoir
being increased to 44,827 millions cubic feet (F.R.C 124 feet above bed of
river or 112 feet above the still of the low level studies now in existence)
209
the permissible extension shall be similarly increased in the same
proportion on such larger area as may be actually submerged.
17. The quantity of water in cusecs due to Madras as compensation for water
utilized by Mysore for the area in the excess of that provided in rules 15
and 16 shall be calculated by dividing such excess area irrigated by 40.
VI. Computation of issues
18. The quantity of water to be passed to Madras shall be computed every 12
hours from the records of inflow of the previous 12 hours.
19. (i) For the purpose of orders for the regulation of the sluice shutters the
quantities of water to be passed through the sluices shall be computed by
the application of the formula
D = C.A. gh2
D = Discharge in Cusecs
C = Co-efficient
A = Height of shuffler raised, multiplied by width of vent, both in feet
g = 32
h = effective head feet
(iii) Joint observations shall be made annually to determine the value of C until
values covering the whole range of water level in the Krishnarajasagara
have been determined by mutual agreement.
(iv) A suitable formula arrived at by mutual agreement for the discharge over
the waste weir shall also be applied when details are known.
20. The quantity of water actually passed down should be verified by observation
between the Krishanarajasagara and the Chikdevaroysagara Anicut. The
means of such verification shall be decided on by mutual agreement.
VII. Hot Weather Computation of Issues from the Krishnarajasagara
21. From the 28th January to the 27th May, both days inclusive, when Rule 12(i)
is in operation, or from the 25th February to the 27th May, both days
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inclusive, when Rule 12 (ii) is in operation, the Controlling Officer shall
receive information from Sivasamudram at least twice daily of the flow
during the previous 12 hours at Sivasamudram Anicut and shall by
occasional visits verify the same.
22. The quantity to be issued from the Krishnarajasagara shall be such quantity
as will ensure the passing of Sivasamudram Anicut of the quantity provided
for in Rule 12.
VIII. Regulation Register
23. All regulation calculations and computations provided in any of the
previous rules shall be recorded in a register called the ‘regulation register’
and the orders for regulations which result from the computation shall also
be recorded under the signature of the controlling officer.
IX. Regulations
24. Regulations of sluices shall be made at twelve-hourly intervals, the times of
commencement and completion of regulations being entered in the
regulation registry.
25. The controlling officer shall satisfy himself personally when the sluices are
finally adjusted that the regulation has been accurately carried out in
accordance with recorded orders and certify that he has done so in the
‘regulation register’ under extraordinary circumstances only shall be sluices
be manipulated other than at 12 hour intervals and in such cases full
information regarding the reasons and necessity for this and the nature of
the intermediate regulation shall at once be communicated by the
controlling officer to each Government.
26.(i) Any deficit or excess in quantity due to Madras indicated by the
verification provided in Rule 20 or by the water level in the reservoir shall
be adjusted in the next period of regulation.
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(ii) Issue from the reservoir in excess of that computed as due to Madras may
be recouped by Mysore by subsequent regulation, if however the over issue
was intentional, such recumbent shall be limited to 20 per cent of the
computed issue due to Madras when the over issue was made, if the
computer correct water level of the reservoir has been higher than the actual
water level for each of the previous eight 12 hourly periods the actual water
level if below the computed correct water level, shall be taken as the correct
water level whether the over issue was intentional or unintentional. The
computed correct water level of the reservoir shall take account of actual
issue for irrigation and losses due to evaporation.
(iii) The rates of evaporation shall be taken as given below until the end of the
irrigation season 1924 – 25
Month Inches per month June 5
July to February 4
March 5
April 7
May 8
After 1924 – 25 the rates for evaporation shall be determined as provided in
instruction no. 7 of Part 1 of Appendix to these Rules. These rates may be revised
for final adoption in 1927 by mutual agreement.
(iv) In computing the issue to be passed to Madras through the under sluices or
over the weir a deduction shall be made from the computed issue due to
Madras of an amount equivalent to 1/8 of the issues to the two existing low
level irrigation channels taking off from the reservoir subject to a maximum
deduction of 25 cusecs. No deduction shall be made from the computed
issue due to Madras for water issued from the reservoir for irrigation other
than that for the channels specified above.
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(v) If the intimation provided for in rule 21 shows that the quantity of water
due to Madras under rule 12 is deficient the regulation shall at once be
altered to ensure the passing at Sivasamudram Anicut of the quantity by
which the flow has been deficient in the previous 12 hours plus the 900 or
750 cusecs, as the case may be, provided for in Rule 12, and each special
regulation shall be entered in the ‘regulation register’ referred to in Rule 23.
X. Discharge at Cauvery Dam during the Year Period Ending 31st
January 1927
27. The exact formula for determining the discharge through the upper Anicut
shall be as specified in instruction 18 of the Appendix to these Rules.
28. All regulation operations at the Upper Anicut and all data for calculating
the discharge through the Upper Anicut sluices and also all gauge readings
at the Cauvery dam shall be recorded daily in a register under the signature
of a responsible officer.
XI. Inspection of Records by Mysore-Madras Government
29. The controlling officer at the Krishnarajasagara shall afford every facility
for inspection of his registers, books, calculations, Records of regulation
and actual method of regulation and gauge readings and discharge
measurements and for testing of instruments in his charge to any officer of
the Madras Government appointed and authorised by that Government to
make such inspection or tests on their behalf. The said controlling officer
and duly accredited inspecting officer shall have full use of telephones,
telegraphs or other means of communication installed in connection with
the works.
30. The responsible Officer at the Upper Anicut referred to in Rule 29 shall afford
the same facilities for inspection and testing up to the end of the irrigation
season of 1926-27 as those provided for in Rule 29, to any Officer of the
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Mysore Government appointed and authorised by that Government to make
such inspection or tests on their behalf.
XII. Miscellaneous
31. The Controlling Officer at Krishnarajasagara shall make the following
returns to each Government.
(a) By fast mail daily a copy of the entries made each day in the ‘Regulation
register’ referred to in rules 23 to 26.
(b) By telegram daily or at such intervals as may be agreed on the quantity of
inflow into and issue from the Krishnarajasagara during the previous 24
hours or during such intervals as may be agreed upon.
32. From the 1st June to the 31st January, both days inclusive, up to the 31st
January, 1927 a copy of the entries made each day in the register referred to
in Rule 28 shall be furnished to the controlling officer at the
Krishnarajasagara by the Superintendent in Charge of the Upper Anicut.
33. Photo copies of all diagrams of the self-recording instrument maintained by
each Government shall be forwarded to the other Government monthly.
Such diagrams shall not be required from the Madras Government after the
31st January, 1927.
26th July, 1921 A.H. Morin, Colonel Chief Engineer for Irrigation Madras 26th July, 1921 S. Cadambi,
Chief Engineer, Mysore Public Works Department
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Appendix to the Rules of Regulation
Instructions for the preparation of working tables of (i) Impounding in the
Krishnarajasagara and (ii) Agenda Cauvery discharges for making the examination
referred to in Rule 11, (iii) Of the Rules of Regulation.
The period covered by the working tables and the examinations of the
effect of the Krishnarajasagara on supplies due to Madras at the Upper Anicut
shall be from the 1st June, 1917 to the 31st January, 1927. Of these, the
Krishnarajasagara working tables will be made in sample Form A for each year
during the ten year period and; the Cauvery Dam discharge tables will be made in
sample Form B for only such periods when there is any impounding in the
Krishnarajasagara as shown in sample Form A.
Part I
Krishnarajasagara Working Tables (Vide Sample Form A)
The full effective capacity of the reservoir is to be taken as that connected
by the full reservoir level at 112 feet above sill level of the existing under sluices
(124 feet above bed of the river before the construction of the dam), namely, 44,
827 millions cubic feet. The actual balance as obtained from the previous year’s
working tables or 5,000 millions cubic feet, whichever is the greater, should be
taken as the starting balance on the 28th May of each year. The balance on the 28th
May, 1917 should be that obtained form working tables of the year 1916 or 5,000
millions cubic feet, whichever is the greater and the opening balance on the 28th
May, 1916 should be taken as 5,000 millions cubic feet.
2. Column (1): The twelve-hourly period to be that ending 6 am or pm.
3. Column (2): The flow into the reservoir to be the measured flow at the
three ‘standard’ gauging plus an allowance for the yield from the intermediate
catchment; that is, “kn” in rule 10 of the Rules of Regulation computed from the
readings provided in Rule 13 (i) of the Rules of Regulation. From June 1916 to
June 1922 the curves of discharge for the standard gauging stations above the
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reservoir shall be the average curves based on the discharge observations of the
four years 1915 to 1918. From 1922 to 1926, both years inclusive gauging shall
be made at the three standard gauging stations and the annual discharge curves
obtained shall be used for the years concerned.
4. Column (3): Regulation to be assumed to have been made in
accordance with the Rules of Regulation for the whole period of eleven years and
the quantity that may be impounded so derived to be entered in this column for
each twelve-hourly period, the working tables in this form for 1916 being intended
only for arriving at the starting balance in the reservoir on 28th May, 1917.
The value of C in the impounding formula to be obtained from the curve
used for arriving at the discharge at the Upper Anicut for the respective years --
vide Rule 11 (ii).
5. Column (4) and (5): The average draw off in millions cubic feet for each
twelve-hourly period for irrigation to be taken as follows for entry in columns (4)
and (5):
Monsoon Monsoon Crop Perennial Crop June first half --- 27
June Second half 51.5 27
July to November 51.5 27
December 34.5 27
January, first half 25.7 27
January, second half --- 27
February to end of May --- 27 6. Column (6): The issue for power to those actually recorded but subject
to a minimum of 900 cusecs measured at Sivasamudram during the period 28th
January to 27th May, both days inclusive, and entered in this column.
216
7. Column (7): The allowances for evaporation to be determined for each
month by mutual agreement after making joint observations during the three
irrigation seasons ending and including 1924-25, quantities being deduced on the
opening balance of the reservoir every day at 6 am and 6 pm.
8. Column (8): Instruction in heading to be followed.
9. Column (9): Instruction in heading to be followed
10. Column (10): Balance of previous twelve-hourly period plus column
(9) or 44,827 millions cubic feet, whichever is less, to be entered in this column.
11. Column (11): any excess of the algebraic sum of the quantity in Column (9)
and that for the previous twelve-hourly period in Column (10) over 44,827 millions
cubic feet, to be entered in this Column.
12. Column (12): Instruction in the heading to be followed.
26th July, 1921 A.H. Morin, Colonel Chief Engineer for irrigation Madras
26th July, 1921 S. Cadambi, Chief Engineer,
Mysore Public Works Department
Part II
Aghanda Cauvery Discharge Tables (Vide Sample Form B)
13. The examination of the effect of impounding in the Krishnarajasagara to be
made in sample form B. Entries will only be made in this table for actual
impounding periods of six consecutive twelve-hourly periods and overs as
exhibited in sample form A.
14. Column (1): The number to refer to the whole impounding period.
15. Column (2): The entry in this Column to refer only to dates of an
impounding period shown in sample Form A and not to date in
Column (3). For the purpose of this examination the impounding period
217
will be taken to include any interval up to and including six twelve-hourly
periods between actual impounding period and the succeeding actual
impounding period as defined in instructions 13 above.
16. Column (3): The date and hour of the first entry of an impounding period
made in this column to be those 24 hours prior to the end of the first
twelve-hourly period of impounding shown in sample Form A. The date
and hour of the last entry of an impounding period to be those 48 hours
after the last twelve-hourly period of impounding shown in sample form A,
as determined by instruction 15 above.
17. Column (4): The time for transmission from the Krishnarajasagara to the
Upper Anicut shall be taken as the average indicated by a comparison of
such peak gauge readings of the Chikdevary Sagar and Upper Anicuts as
are available up to the end of 1921, fractions of twelve-hourly period less
than six hours in the average result being neglected and those greater than
six hours being taken as one twelve-hourly period. Only peak gauges from
half a foot below the limits in Rule 7 of the Rules of Regulation up to 9 feet
in the south-west monsoon and 7½ feet in the north-east monsoon to be
taken into account. Separate average to be deduced for the south-west and
north-east monsoons.
18. Column (5): The total discharge in the Aghanda Cauvery (a) and (b) below
to be calculated from the records of the automatic water level recorder, if
the readings of the gauge made at 6 am noon and 6 pm show the recorder to
have registered accurately, otherwise the reading of the gauges made at 6
am, noon and 6 pm to be used and the discharges averaged for each twelve-
hourly period.
(a) The discharge of the Cauvery shall be that given by the discharge
curves for the Cauvery Dam gauge provided in Rule II (ii) of the Rules of
Regulation.
218
(b) The discharge through the Upper Anicut regulators to be calculated as
laid down in paragraph 13 of Part 11 of Volume III of “Papers reading the
Cauvery Reservoir Project” (Pages 7 and 8) account taken of any intermediate
regulation.
19. Column (6) (a): The quantity to be entered in this column is that due to the
actual rise in the reservoir, as shown from the regulation records, plus the
loss due to evaporation, plus the recorded issue for irrigation after making
the deduction provided for in Rule 26 (iv) of the Rules of Regulation.
Column (6) (b): The quantity to be entered in this column is that due to the
actual fall in the reservoir, as shown from the regulation records. Minus the
recorded issue for irrigation after adding the deduction provided for in Rule 26 (iv)
of the Rules of Regulation.
20. Column (7): A percentage allowance, if decided to be necessary, to be
made for loss in transmission between the Krishnarajasagara and the Upper
Anicut. This allowance to be settled by mutual agreement in June 1926
after further examination of the subject and any joint observations made to
determine it; in the event of disagreement the case to be referred to the
Government of India for final decision.
Figures corresponding to Column (b) (a) will be a plus entry in this Column
and those corresponding to Column (6) (b) a minus entry.
21. Column (8): Instruction in heading to be followed.
22. Column (9): The quantity due to Madras in any twelve-hourly period to be
the whole natural flow of the Akhanda Cauvery or the discharge connected
by the gauge-readings in Rule 7 of the Rules of Regulation obtained from
the discharge curves referred to in Rule 11 (ii) of the Rules of Regulation,
whichever is less.
23. Columns (10) (12), (13) and (14): Instruction in heading to be followed
219
24. Column (11): See Instruction 20 above.
25. The several periods in Column (1) should be sorted out against the several
months showing against each month the percentage of deficit obtained in
Column (14). If the actual impounding period extends over portions of two
months as noted in Column (2), than the resulting percentage in Column
(14) to be counted against both the months.
26. After thus sorting out the periods for all the ten years against the several
months the resulting deficit in excess of 5 percent is to be neglected if it
happens in only one period of examination relating to a particular month. If
it happens in more than one period the proportion factor is to be increased
so as to reduce the number of such deficit periods to one only in any month.
26th July, 1921 A.H. Morin, Colonel
Chief Engineer for Irrigation Madras
26th July, 1921 S. Cadambi, Chief Engineer,
Mysore Public Works Department
220
ANNEXURE II
The construction of a masonry dam and reservoir on the Cauvery river, --
now known as the Krishnarajasagara -- at Kannambadi, 8 miles west of
Seringapatnam north latitude 12° 33′ 20″ and east longitude 76° 37′ 15″. Such
dam and reservoir to be of a storage capacity, not higher than 112 feet above the
sill of the under sluices constructed in the body of the dam across the old
river- bed portion, corresponding to 124 feet above the bed of the river before the
construction of the dam; such reservoir to be at an effective capacity of 44,827
m.c.feet measured from the sill of the irrigation sluices constructed at 60 feet level
above the bed of the river up to the maximum height of 124 feet above the said
bed of the river. (Note that the level of the bed of the river before the construction
of the dam is taken as 12 feet below the sill level of the said under-sluices).
Subject to the above specified modification in regard to the maximum height of
water stored, and the effective capacity, such dam and reservoir to be constructed
in accordance with the design accompanying the project report furnished with the
Dewan of Mysore’s demi-official Letter No. 2311, dated 16th May 1911.
18th February, 1924 P. Hawkins Secretary to Government, Public works Department, Madras
18th February, 1924 A.E. Banerji Dewan of Mysore
221
ANNEXURE III
POINTS AGREED TO AT THE CONFERENCE BETWEEN THE CHIE F
ENGINEER OF THE MADRAS AND MYSORE GOVERNMENT
REGARDING THE CAUVERY DISPUTE
The technical agreement of the Krishnarajasagara, come to in 1921 between
the chief engineer of the two Government, will be taken as finally settled subject
to the alteration in rules 15 and 17 now agreed to as shown in Appendix I, and the
Krishnarajasagara question also settled according to that agreement.
2. The extent of future extension of irrigation in Mysore under the Cauvery
and its attribution mentioned in Schedule a of the 1892 agreement shall be
fixed at 1,10,000 acres, and madras shall have their Cauvery Mettur project
as envisaged in 1921 with their new area of irrigation fixed at 3,01,000
acres, as specified in paragraph II, page 4 of the Project Report (1921)
Volume V.
3. Such extensions of future irrigation in Mysore will be carried out only by means
of reservoirs on the Cauvery and its tributaries mentioned in scheduled A of the
1892 agreement. Such reservoirs may be of an effective capacity of 45.000
millions cubic feet in the aggregate: and the impounding there in shall be so
adjusted as not to make any material diminution of the supplies connoted by the
gauge accepted in the technical agreement for the Krishnarajasagara, it being
understood that the rules for the working of such reservoirs shall be so framed as
to reduce to within 5 per cent, any loss during any adoption of suitable proportion
factors, impounding formula, or other means that may be settled at the time.
4. Full particulars and details of such reservoir schemes shall be furnished to
the Madras Government to enable them to satisfy themselves that the
conditions in paragraph 3 above will be fulfilled. If there arises any
difference of opinion between the Madras and Mysore Government
222
regarding any scheme sent by the Mysore Government, the matter shall be
settled in accordance with Clause IV of the 1982 agreement.
5. The reserve storage for power generation purposes now allowed in the
Krishnarajasagara may be utilized from any other reservoir, according to the
convenience of Mysore: and the storage released from the Krishnarajasagara
may be utilized for irrigation with in the extent of 1,10,000 acres stated above.
In that case, the working tables of the new reservoir from which power water
will be utilized, will be framed after taking into consideration the conditions
specified in paragraph 3 above and the altered conditions of irrigation under
the Krishnarajasagara.
6. It is suggested that the present limitation on regard to the extension of new
irrigation as in paragraph 2 above shall hold good for a period of 50 years.
At the end of that period it may be subject to reconsideration.
14th September, 1923 A.V. Ramalinga Ayyangar, Chief engineer for irrigation, Madras
14th September, 1923 S. Cadambi, Special officer, Krishnarajasagara
223
APPENDIX I
ALTERATION IN RULES 15 AND 17 OF THE TECHNICAL
AGREEMENT OF 1921
Rules 15: After the words the year 1910 at the end of the rule, add the
words the extension under each channel being considered separately.
Rule 17: In line 1 after the words the quantity of water add the words in
cusecs.
18th February, 1924 P. Hawkins Secretary to Government Public Works Departments Madras
18th February, 1924 A.R. Banerji Dewan of Mysore
224
AGREEMENT
Whereas on February 18, 1924 an agreement between the Governments’ of
Mysore and Madras was signed and whereas by Clause 10 (2) of the said
agreement the Mysore Government agreed to regulated the discharge through and
from the Krishnarajasagara reservoir strictly in accordance with the rules of
regulation being Annexure I to the said agreement and
Whereas disputes had arisen between the two Governments’ in regard to
the interpretation, operation and carrying out of rules of regulations and
Whereas both the Governments have submitted the matters in dispute to the
arbitration of the Hon’ble Mr. Justice Page with Messrs. Howlay and Forbes as
assessors.
Now the two Governments’ have agreed in lieu of an award in that behalf
to adopt finally for all regulation subsequent to 1st July, 1929 the following
discharge for the respective months in place of the averages referred to in Clause 8
of Annexure I:
June for 6½ feet gauge 29,800 Cusecs
July and August for 7½ feet gauge 40,100 Cusecs
September for 7 feet gauge 35,000 Cusecs
October for 6½ feet gauge 29,800 Cusecs
November for 6 feet gauge 25,033 Cusecs
December for 3½ feet gauge 8,913 Cusecs
January for 3 feet gauge 6,170 Cusecs
And in Rule 10, defining the impounding formula, c will denote the said
above mentioned discharges.
225
This agreement is without prejudice to the other questions outstanding
between the parties in regard to the clauses of the agreement other than clauses 7
and 8 of the rules of regulation.
17th June, 1929 (sd..) R. Ranga Rao, (sd..) A.G. Leach, Offg. Chief Secretary to the Secretary to the Government, Government of Mysore Public Works and Labour Departments,
Madras
226
ANNEXURE IV
DRAFT PROPOSAL OF THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA OF 1974
It is agreed that optimum use be made of the waters of Cauvery. It is further
agreed that there is scope for effecting economics in the present use of the
Cauvery waters and that maximum possible economics on the present use of
Cauvery waters be effected. Water thus saved shall be used to provide additional
irrigation facilities and meet the needs of domestic and industrial uses. It is
recognized that there is need for integrated operation of the reservoirs in the basin
and for regulation of the release from various reservoirs to ensure optimum
utilization and equitable distribution of the waters. With a view to achieving the
aforesaid objectives it is hereby agreed as under:
1. Cauvery Valley Authority consisting of one Irrigation Engineer of
appropriate status from each on these States, namely, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and
Kerala, as members, and Irrigation Engineer of appropriate States nominated by
the Central Government as Chairman, should be constituted forthwith. The main
functions of this Authority will be as follows.
Collect data regarding availability of water at various points and regulate
available supplies in such way to ensure most equitable distribution of water
amongst the various States. In good years, the water, surplus to the actual needs
based on the present use namely 489 TMC by Tamil Nadu 177 TMC by Karnataka
and 5 TMC by Kerala shall be distributed pro-rata of their figures of the 489 TMC
for Tamil Nadu,177 TMC for Karnataka and 5 TMC for Kerala. The major
reservoirs in the Cauvery basin shall be regulated in an integrated manner with a
view to derive maximum benefits consistent with equitable distribution of water as
indicated above.
227
To scrutinize various schemes for effecting saving in the present use of
waters to be under taken by Tamil Nadu and Karnataka and monitor the progress
of implementation of these schemes in accordance with a phased programme and
assess the actual savings resulting from these schemes from time to time.
Assess the needs of additional area being developed for irrigation from time
to time and ensure that there is minimum gap between the cumulative savings
effected and the additional requirements of areas being newly developed.
The Authority shall taken review of the needs of the areas which are
developed with hitherto, economics effected hereafter, and needs of additional
areas being progressively developed every five years. Final review shall be taken
at the end of 15 years period from now by which time economics to the extent
indicated in Clause 2 below are expected to be realized and additional areas
developed for utilizing the waters saved to the fullest extent. The Authority shall
submit its recommendations on the basis of final review to the three States
Government and Central Government.
As and when the savings effected by Tamil Nadu and Karnataka become
available, the Authority shall apportion them to three State Government in
accordance with the basis given under Clause 2 below.
2. It is agreed that Tamil Nadu shall takes steps to effect saving of 100
TMC from its present use and Karnataka shall take steps to effect a saving of 25
TMC from its present use. The savings shall be effected in a phased manner over
a period of 15 years. The present use in each of the States has been assessed on
the basis of the last five years data ending 1971-72 as follows:
Tamil Nadu - 489 TMC
Karnataka - 177 TMC
Kerala - 5 TMC
Total - 671 TMC
228
The savings above effected shall be distributed on the following basis:
Two TMC each for the three States, for meeting the new industrial and
domestic water supply needs and the balance left, namely, 119 TMC shall be
distributed amongst the three States of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu in
proportion to the reasonable requirements of water for further development of
irrigation, which are assessed as under:
Tamil Nadu - 4 TMC
Karnataka - 138 TMC
Kerala - 53 TMC
Accordingly, the distribution of 125 TMC of the savings shall be as under:
3. Kerala has plans to divert 16 TMC of water from Kabini sub-basin towards
the west by means of Mananthody Project utilizing the waters for irrigation
and hydro-power generation. It was agreed that this will be examined by
the Cauvery Valley Authority as well as the three States Governments after
five years or if mutually agreed upon, even earlier.
4. Scrutiny and acceptance of the Projects proposed by the States concered,
envisaging utilization within limits, as indicated under Clause 2 above,
should not be held up for want of agreement on inter-State aspects.
5. The State Governments shall consider recommendation of the Authority on
the basis of final review at the end of 15 years and shall review the
allocation of the Cauvery waters on the basis of facts and data then
available.
6. The State Governments by mutual agreement shall after the functions of the
Cauvery valley Authority as given in Clause 1 above.
States Industrial
Domestic Water Supply (TMC.ft.)
Irrigation Development
(TMC.ft.) Total (TMC.ft.)
Tamil Nadu 2 2 4 Karnataka 2 85 87 Kerala 2 32 34 Total 6 119 125
229
ANNEXURE V
DRAFT PROPOSAL OF THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA OF 1976
It is agreed that optimum use be made of the waters of the Cauvery. It is
further agreed that there is scope for effecting economics in the present use of the
Cauvery waters without detriment to existing ayacuts and that maximum possible
economics in the present use of Cauvery water be effected. Water thus saved shall
be used to provide additional multi-purpose benefits. It is recognized that there is
need for integrated operation of the reservoirs in the basin and for regulation of the
release from various reservoir to ensure optimum utilization and equitable
distribution of the waters. With a view to achieving the aforesaid objectives it is
hereby agreed as under:
1. Fixing utilization of Cauvery waters is agreed as 671 TMC comprising 489
TMC by Tamil Nadu, 177 TMC by Karnataka and 5 TMC by Kerala.
2. In a normal year, the existing areas under irrigation shall be protected.
3. In the lean years, the manner of sharing the available waters shall be
worked out by a committee of representatives of the central and State
Government and submitted for consideration at the next meeting of Chief
Ministers.
4. This committee shall also work out the quantities of surplus waters
presently available for use. The water surplus over the existing 671 TMC
shall be shared in the ratio 30:53:17 amongst the States of Tamil Nadu,
Karnataka and Kerala respectively.
5. Tamil Nadu Karnataka and the region of Pondicherry shall take steps to
effect saving of 25 TMC from its present use by various measures such as
modernization of existing irrigation system, improvement in water
management reducing seepage losses etc.
6. The savings shall be effected within a maximum period of 15 years. The
Central Government will devise ways and means to provide necessary
230
outlays (made up of States contributions and central assistance) in plan for
the improvement measures aforesaid. At the end of five years Tamil Nadu
shall save 20 TMC and Karnataka 5 TMC. These savings shall be
distributed in the ration of 4:138:53 amongst Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and
Kerala respectively. In the sixth year a review will be made of the progress
achieved by the three Chief Ministers and Union Minister of Agriculture who
will lay down programme for next five years and give appropriate directions.
7. At the end of 15 years saving shall be distributed amongst the three States
as under:
Tamil Nadu : 4 TMC
Karnataka : 87 TMC
Kerala : 34 TMC -------------- Total : 125 TMC --------------
8. Out of the quantity so distributed 2 TMC each shall be allowed for
industrial and domestic water supply.
9. Both States of Karnataka and Kerala shall be allowed to use the quantities
of water allocated out of the savings on such Projects as they may consider
necessary for the efficient use of water in their territory. The Sub-basin
wise break up of use by Kerala of 34 TMC shall be decided in meeting of
the representatives of the three States and the centre.
10. A Cauvery Valley Authority consisting of one Irrigation Engineer of
appropriate status from each of the States namely, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka
and Kerala as members, and an Irrigation Engineer of appropriate status not
belonging to any of the three States nominated by the Central Government
as Chairman shall be constituted.
11. The functions and rules of procedure of the Cauvery Valley Authority as
drafted by the Committee of Secretaries of three States shall be considered
at the next meeting of the Chief Ministers.
231
ANNEXURE VI
DRAFT AGREEMENT CIRCULATED BY KARNATAKA IN 1981
The Governments of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry
are desirous of arriving at an agreement for the sharing of Cauvery waters with a
view to:
a) Finding an overall approach for the optimum and equitable use of all the
waters in the Cauvery basin;
b) Eliminating or minimizing social, economic and regional imbalance among
the basin States;
c) Providing fair and equitable share of waters to the respective States; and
d) Resolving by negotiations all problems that have arisen or may arise in
future amicably amongst the basin States, hereby agree as follows;
1. The average yield in the Cauvery river basin above up to delta based on the
long term data from 1900-01 to 1971-72 is 792 TMC. This average surface
yield of 792 TMC is accepted as being available for the purpose of
allocations.
2. In the Cauvery delta rainfall contributions is about 230 TMC. It is agreed
that about 88 TMC of this, as indicated by UNDP, would also be available.
Thus water available in the entire basin including the delta would be 792 +
88 = 880 TMC per annum.
3. Fair and equitable allocation of 880 TMC of surface yield in the basin
amongst the basin States shall be made taking into consideration the basin
factors viz., drainage area, yield contribution, cultivable area, cultivable
command, and population and drought prone areas in each State.
Accordingly, the allocations of surface yield amongst the State shall be as
under:
232
Percentage Quantity in TMC
1 Karnataka 47 414
2 Kerala 05 43
3 Tamil Nadu 7 414
4 Pondicherry 01 09
Total 100 880
In addition, each State shall be entitled to utilize all the underground and
regenerated waters within its territory.
4. It is hereby agreed that to ensure Pondicherry’s share of water at the
borders of Tamil Nadu, Government of India shall, in consultation with the
said States, appoint an appropriate authority.
5. This agreement does not preclude any State from diverting any portion of
its allocated waters outside the basin by mutual agreement among the
affected States.
6. The water of the Cauvery and its tributaries may be developed by each of
the States to generate maximum hydroelectric power by existing and new
works within its territory.
7. All States shall meet their domestic and industrial water needs out of their
overall allocations.
8. Annual hydrological data regarding flows, withdrawals and spillage at all
major works and terminal anicuts/distributaries shall be maintained and
exchanged by all States for requisite verification.
9. This agreement shall be liable to review after period of 25 years, subject to
the condition that the allocations made in Clause 3 above, shall not be
altered in any manner detrimental to any State.
233
Draft Proposals Circulated by Tamil Nadu in 1981
1. Cauvery is the only major river flowing through Tamil Nadu. Irrigation in
the Cauvery delta has developed steadily with the untiring efforts of the
people ever since the great Karikala Chola built the Grand Anicut in the
second century A.D. The delta is ideally suited for cultivation and hence
the bulk of utilization under Cauvery is in Tamil Nadu. When the then
Mysore State wanted to build reservoirs for impounding the Cauvery flows,
negotiation between two Governments were held for over a decade, before
the 1924 agreement was finally concluded. This agreement is fair and
reasonable in that it provides for parallel development of irrigation in both
the States after ensuring that the ayacut already established is fully
protected.
2. The use of waters in the Cauvery basin is now regulated by the 1924
agreement. The 1924 agreement being a permanent one not only provides
for the method of the sharing Cauvery waters but also provides for a review
of certain Clauses of the same. Clause 1D (IX) of the agreement provides
that limitations and arrangements embodied in Clause (iv) to (vii) of Clause
10, shall at the expiry of fifty years from the date of the execution of the
agreement, be open to reconsideration in the light of the experience gained
and of an examination of the possibilities of the further extension of
irrigation within the territories of the respective Governments and to such
modifications and additions as may be mutually agreed upon as the result of
such reconsideration. According to Clause 10 (xvi) of the agreement the
impounding in the new reservoirs if and when built shall not diminish or
affect in any way the supplies to which the Madras Government (now
Tamil Nadu Government) and Mysore Government (now Karnataka
Government) are respectively entitled to or the division of surplus water
which it is anticipated will be available for division (at the end of fifty years
period of agreement) as provided in the said Clause 10 (xvi).
234
3. To collect the data required for the review and to identify the surpluses, if
any, the Government of India with the consent of the Government of basin
States, constituted a Cauvery Fact Finding Committee (CFFC) in 1972.
This Committee in its report to Government of India gave the following
findings which the Chief Ministers of the basin States accepted in the
subsequent meetings:
(i) Existing ayacut (cropped area is in 1971-1972) using Cauvery waters is
about 35.57 lakhs acres comprising 28.21 lakh acres in Tamil Nadu and
region of Pondicherry. 6.83 lakh acres in Karnataka and 0.53 lakh acres in Kerala.
(ii) Existing utilization of Cauvery water is 748 TMC in a year based on the
long term data of 384 years, viz. 1934-35 to 1971-72 and this comprises of
566 TMC by Tamil Nadu including Karaikal region of Pondicherry, 177
TMC by Karnataka and 5 TMC by Kerala.
4. In the light of above, it is clear that the Cauvery River and its tributaries are
already overburdened with existing commitments. Hence there is no need
for any modifications to the Clause 10 (IV) to 10 (VIII) and 10 (XIV) of the
1924 agreement. The regulation of the discharges through and from the
Krishnarajasagar reservoir should be done in accordance with the Rules of
Regulation set forth in the Annexure I to the Agreement and the Rules of
Regulation for the new reservoir should be framed in the manner envisaged
in Clause 10 (XVI) of the agreement.
5. Consequent on the States reorganization and subsequent renaming of the
States, the State boundaries within the Cauvery basin have changed. This
has brought in Kerala as one of the basin States besides Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
6. The Tamil Nadu Government will agree to the formation of a Cauvery
Valley Authority, provided the Authority is vested with powers to regulate
the flows from and through the reservoir of Karnataka Government as per
the rules of regulation specified in the 1924 agreement.
235
ANNEXURE VII
RESOLUTION ADOPTED AT A MEETING OF FARMERS, EXPERTS
AND OTHER CITIZENS FROM KARNATAKA AND TAMIL NADU,
ORGANIZED IN BANGALORE ON MARCH 1992 BY
PRAGATI VEDIKE
A number of distinguished citizens belonging to Karnataka and Tamil Nadu
issued a citizen joint appeal on Cauvery issue on February 14, 1992 which was
widely welcomed. This follow-up meeting of farmers’ representatives, experts
and citizens from Karnataka and Tamil Nadu was held in Bangalore on March 28,
1992. About 200 invites from various organization and walks of life participated
in this meeting. They included leaders and representatives of farmer’s
organization, former judges and ministers, social scientist, educationist,
administrator, advocates and other professionals, observers from the Central and
State Government, representative of voluntary organizations, writers and
journalist. At the outset we wish to record our deep distress at the violent
incidents that took place in December, 1991 in both Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
These were responsible for thrashing the long history of good neighbourly
relations between our two sister States. We appeal to the Government and
political parties in the both States to ensure that such tragic incidents are not
allowed to recur ever again.
River does not respect political boundaries. It is not, therefore unusual for
river water disputes to continue between neighbouring countries or neighbouring
States in the same country. Many such disputes have been avoided or resolved in
India and elsewhere by resorting to negotiation, conciliation or arbitration.
Solutions thus arrived at, have also been sustained over time. The Cauvery River
waters dispute can also be resolved and it must be solved in a cooperative
framework. There are enough waters in the Cauvery, if they are used
economically and efficiently, to be shared in fair and equitable manner. Farmers
236
in the basin States are confident that it should be possible if the necessary effort,
goodwill, and political maturity is forthcoming. Various issues relating to the
sharing of the Cauvery waters are at present before the Cauvery water disputes
tribunal. It is unfortunate that it has not been possible to resolve these issues
through negotiations, making it necessary to resort to adjudication which involves
adversarial procedures. What is important at this juncture is for the parties
concerned to avoid extreme and provocative positions before the tribunal, in
legislatures or in public forums and the media. Any such course will be counter
productive by increasing tension and bitterness and will undermine sustainability
of any settlement that may eventually be reached. We appeal to both
Governments to cooperate with each other and with the Tribunal to narrow the gap
between their respective legal claims and riparian demands. We also urge the
tribunal itself to initiate and pursue conciliatory and mediatory processes which
will reduce the areas of conflict and facilitate a solution that will be perceived as
being fair and equitable to the farmers in each of the basin States and can be
sustained.
In this connection, we would like to reiterate the following basic
consideration set out in the citizens, joint appeal of February 14, 1992 on Cauvery issue.
� All measures should be undertaken in the short, medium and long term, to
augment the availability of water in the Cauvery basin and to promote its
optimum utilization having regard to considerations of economy, efficiency
and equity.
� The solution must provide reasonably assured and timely availabilities of
flows to each of the basin States, consistent with the phased implementation
of such measures.
� Surpluses in good years and deficits in lean years with reference to the
average in normal years will have to be equitably and appropriately shared.
237
� It will be desirable to initiate appropriate technical studies covering
engineering, agricultural, economic and financial aspects for augmenting
availability and maximizing utilization.
� It will be necessary to establish a suitable institutional mechanism in order
to co-ordinate and oversee the implementation of any solution and the long
term development of the basin States. We appeal to political parties,
voluntary agencies, farmers associations and citizens of goodwill in both
Karnataka and Tamil Nadu to take all possible initiatives to promote mutual
understanding of the problems, needs and aspirations of agriculturalists in
both States and to educate public opinion in this regard. We propose to
follow up this meeting in the coming months with exchange of visits by
farmers groups, meetings, seminars and informative publications for this
purpose.
238
ANNEXURE VIII
INTER-STATE WATER DISPUTES ACT, 1956
Complaints by State Governments as to Water Disputes
If it appears to the Government of any State that a water dispute with the
Government of another State has arisen is likely to arise by reason of the fact that
the interests of the State, or of any of the inhabitants thereof, in the waters of an
inter-State river or river valley have been, or are likely to be, affected prejudicially
by --
(a) any executive action or legislation taken or passed, or proposed to be taken
or passed, by the other State; or
(b) the failure of the other State or any authority therein to exercise any of their
powers with respect to the use, distribution or control of such waters; or
(c) the failure of the other State to implement the terms of any agreement
relating to the use, distribution or control of such waters.
The State Government may, in such form and manner as may be prescribed,
request the Central Government to refer the water dispute to a Tribunal for
adjudication.
Constitution of Tribunal
When any request under Section 3 is received from any State Government
in respect of any water dispute and the Central Government is of opinion that the
water dispute cannot be settled by negotiations, the Central Government shall, by
notification in the Official Gazette, constitute a Water Disputes Tribunal for the
adjudication of the water dispute.
Adjudication of Water Disputes
(1) When a Tribunal has been constituted under Section 4, the Central
Government shall, subject to the prohibition contained in Section 8, refer the water
239
dispute and any matter appearing to be connected with, or relevant to, the water
dispute to the Tribunal for adjudication.
(2) The Tribunal shall investigate the matters referred to it and forward
to the Central Government a report setting out the facts as found by it and giving
its decision of the matters referred to it.
(3) If, upon consideration of the decision of the Tribunal, the Central
Government or any State Government is of opinion that anything therein
contained requires explanation or that guidance is needed upon any point not
originally referred to the Tribunal, the Central Government or the State
Government, as the case may be, may, within three months from the date of the
decision, again refer the matter to the Tribunal for further consideration; and on
such reference, the Tribunal may forward to the Central Government a further
report giving such explanation or guidance as it deems fit and in such a case, the
decision of the Tribunal shall be deemed to be modified accordingly.
Publication of Decision of Tribunal
The Central Government shall publish the decision of the Tribunal in the
Official Gazettte and the decision shall be final and binding on the parties to the
dispute and shall be given effect to by them.
Power to Make Schemes to Implement Decision of Tribunal
Without prejudice to the provisions of Section 6, the Central Government
may, by notification in the Official Gazette, frame a scheme or schemes whereby
provision may be made for all matters necessary to give effect to the decision of a
Tribunal.
Bar of Reference of Certain Disputes to Tribunal
Notwithstanding anything contained in Section 3 or Section 5, no reference
shall be made to a Tribunal of any dispute that may arise regarding any matter
which may be referred to arbitration under the River Boards Act, 1965.
240
Bar of Jurisdiction of Supreme Court and Other Courts
Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law, neither the Supreme
Court nor any other Court shall have or exercise jurisdiction in respect of any
water dispute which may be referred to a Tribunal under this Act.
Power to Make Rules
(1) The Central Government, after consultation with the State Government may
by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules to carry out the purposes
of this Act.
(2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing
power, such rules may provide for all or any of the following matters,
namely:
a. the form and manner in which complaint as to any water dispute may be
made by any State Government.
b. the matters in respect of which a Tribunal may be vested with the powers of
a Civil Court;
c. the procedure to be followed by a Tribunal under this Act;
d. the remuneration, allowances or fees payable to (the Chairman and other
members) of a Tribnal and assessors;
e. the terms and conditions of service of officers of the Tribunal;
f. any other matter which has to be, or may be, prescribed.
241
CAUVERY DISPUTE – A CALENDAR
June 1990 : Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal constituted on Supreme Court’s
direction, after 26 rounds of talks between Tamil Nadu and Karnataka fail.
June 1991 : Tribunal issued interim order, mandating Karnataka to release 205
thousand million cubic feet to Mettur dam (Tamil Nadu) in a water year (from
June to May) adn prescribing weekly and monthly releases.
November 1991 : Validity of interim order upheld by Supreme Court.
December 1991 : Interim order notified by Centre. Violence in parts of
Karnataka.
July 1993 : Four – day fast by Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Jayalalitha, demanding
implementation mechanism for interim order.
August 1996 – January 1997 : On Supreme Court’s suggestion, five more rounds
of talks by Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, M. Karunanidhi and J.H.
Patel. No breakthrough.
August 1998 : Centre constituted Cauvery River Authority to ensure interim order
implementation, following Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s two-day-long
talks in New Delhi with Chief Ministers of all the riparian States including Kerala
and Puducherry.
January 2002 : Riparian States began final arguments before Tribunal.
October 2002 : Karnataka Chief Minister S.M. Krishna’s six-day-long padayatra
from Bangalore to Mandya. He tendered unconditional apology to Supreme Court
for defying S.C.’s order earlier and ordered release of Cauvery water as directed
by Supreme Court.
242
April 2003 : Track-II approach to Cauvery problem. Cauvery Family, a body of
farmers and other stakeholders from Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, launched in
Chennai.
August 2005 : Tribunal’s tenure extended for one year, following amendment of
Inter-State Water Disputes Act.
April 2006 : Final arguments concluded before Tribunal. (Tribunal held 570 days
of sitting since June 1990).
August 2006 : Tenure of Tribunal extended by six more months.
February 2007 : Final order of the Cauvery.
243
Utilisation of Cauvery Waters in Years 1901, 1928, 1956 and 1971 Area in lakh acres
Sl. No.
Name of State
Schemes in Operation Prior
to 1928
Schemes in
Operation between 1928-56
Schemes in
Operation between 1956-71
Total of Major and Medium Schemes
Evaporation Losses
Minor Irrigation
Domestic Water Supply
Total Use
Area tmc. Area tmc. Area tmc. Area tmc. tmc. Area tmc. Popul. tmc. Area tmc.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Year 1901 lakhs
1 Tamil Nadu 13.853 384.9 --- --- --- --- 13.853 384.9 --- 2.19 44 --- 1.2 16.043 430.13
2 Mysore 1.11 26.463 --- --- --- --- 1.11 26.463 --- 1.991 45.5 --- 3.101 71.96
3 Kerala --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Total 14.963 411.363 --- --- --- --- 14.963 411.363 --- 4.181 89.5 1.2 19.144 502.09
Year 1928
1 Tamil Nadu 13.853 384.9 --- --- --- --- 13.853 384.9 --- 2.21 44 --- 2.1 16.063 431
2 Mysore 1.11 26.463 --- --- --- --- 1.11 26.463 --- 2.039 46 --- --- 3.149 72.46
3 Kerala --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Total 14.963 411.363 --- --- --- --- 14.963 411.363 --- 4.249 90 --- 2.1 19.212 503.46
244
Sl. No.
Name of State
Schemes in Operation Prior
to 1928
Schemes in Operation between 1928-56
Schemes in Operation between 1956-71
Total of Major and Medium Schemes
Evaporation Losses
Minor Irrigation
Domestic Water Supply
Total Use
Area tmc. Area tmc. Area tmc. Area tmc. tmc. Area tmc. Popul. tmc. Area tmc.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Year 1956 lakhs
1 Tamil Nadu 15.375 384.9 5.384 100.6 --- --- 20.759 485.5 8 2.412 48 --- 3.1 23.171 514.6
2 Mysore 1.395 34.211 2.059 56.2 --- --- 3.454 90.411 5.34 2.2 50 --- 4 5.654 149.751
3 Kerala --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 0.063 5 --- 0.1 0.063 5.1
Total 16.77 419.111 7.443 156.8 --- --- 24.213 575.911 13.34 4.675 103 --- 7.2 28.888 699.451
Year 1971
1 Tamil Nadu 18.911 384.9 5.746 100.6 0.642 15.9 25.299 501.4 9 2.909 58 --- 5 28.208 573.4
2 Mysore 1.862 45.79 2.049 56.2 0.359 7.81 4.28 105.1 6.4 2.409 54.7 71.38 5 0.68 171
3 Kerala --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 0.063 5 --- 0.1 0.063 5.1
Total 20.773 430.69 7.895 156.8 1.007 23.71 29.579 606.5 15.4 5.381 117.7 71.38 10.1 34.951 749.7
245
Yield of Cauvery as at Lower Coleroon Anicut
Year
Flow at LCA as per Col. 27 of River Register
Upstream Utilisation under Anicut Channel etc.
Withdrawals at
Hullahalli
Gross Yield at LCA
1 2 3 4 5
1900-01 1901-02 1902-03 1903-04 1904-05 1905-06 1906-07 1907-08 1908-09 1909-10 1910-11 1911-12 1912-13 1913-14 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 1918-19 1919-20 1920-21 1921-22 1922-23 1923-24 1924-25 1925-26 1926-27 1927-28 1928-29 1929-30 1930-31 1931-32 1932-33 1933-34 1934-35 1935-36 1936-37 1937-38
702.2 437.1 486.3 881.1 400.4 485.0 467.3 602.1 465.5 775.2 1095.0 615.6 657.3 502.1 485.9 412.9 683.7 425.7 236.3 605.7 694.4 600.5 584.0 936.0 986.6 460.0 444.3 471.6 363.5 520.5 677.3 654.3 696.8 945.6 345.5 415.9 441.3 400.8
212.5 212.8 213.1 213.4 213.7 214.0 214.3 214.6 214.9 215.2 215.5 215.8 216.1 216.4 216.7 217.0 217.3 217.6 217.9 218.2 218.5 218.8 219.1 219.4 219.7 220.0 220.3 220.6 220.7 220.7 220.7 220.7 220.7 220.7 220.7 221.3 221.9 222.6
10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.2 9.8 7.8
925.2 660.4 709.9 1105.0 624.6 709.5 692.1 827.2 690.9 1000.9 1321.0 841.9 883.9 729.0 713.1 640.4 911.5 653.8 464.7 834.4 923.4 829.8 814.4 1166.1 1216.8 6905 675.1 702.7 594.7 751.7 908.5 885.5 928.0 1176.8 576.7 647.3 673.0 631.1
246
Year
Flow at LCA as per Col. 27 of River Register
Upstream Utilisation under Anicut Channel etc.
Withdrawals at
Hullahalli
Gross Yield at LCA
1 2 3 4 5
1938-39 1939-40 1940-41 1941-42 1942-43 1943-44 1944-45 1945-46 1946-47 1947-48 1948-49 1949-50 1950-51 1951-52 1952-53 1953-54 1954-55 1955-56 1956-57 1957-58 1958-59 1959-60 1960-61 1961-62 1962-63 1963-64 1964-65 1965-66 1966-67 1967-68 1968-69 1969-70 1970-71 1971-72
375.3 539.3 663.7 528.0 536.6 613.8 495.5 326.5 831.5 492.7 486.1 356.5 486.2 344.9 271.7 618.1 609.9 352.4 711.7 535.4 557.6 826.0 520.6 924.7 720.8 413.0 705.9 267.0 471.5 367.7 380.8 389.8 430.0 490.0
223.1 223.7 224.3 225.2 226.1 227.0 227.9 228.8 229.7 230.6 231.5 232.4 233.3 234.2 235.1 236.0 236.9 237.9 239.0 242.0 245.0 248.0 251.0 254.0 257.0 260.0 263.0 266.0 269.0 272.0 275.0 278.0 281.0 281.9
9.0 9.8 9.5 11.0 10.8 11.2 9.8 10.6 11.0 10.7 10.6 10.2 10.0 9.4 9.3 9.8 11.2 10.8 10.5 9.9 10.8 10.5 9.9 11.2 13.0 11.1 11.7 11.4 9.3 10.8 11.3 11.5 11.5 10.2
607.4 772.8 897.5 764.2 773.5 852.0 733.2 565.9 1072.2 734.0 728.2 599.2 711.5 588.5 516.1 863.9 858.0 601.1 961.1 787.3 813.4 1084.5 781.6 1189.9 990.8 684.1 980.6 544.4 749.8 650.5 667.1 679.3 722.5 784.1
Abstract
Period 1900-01 to 1971-72
Average 792.3
50% 752.0
75% 673.0
Source: Deliberations and Correspondence Regarding Cauvery Waters (August 1978 – February 1982), PP. 123-125.
247
Dates of Opening and Closing of Mettur Dam for Irrigation and the Levels and Storages on those Dates
Normal date of opening: 12th June Normal date of closing: 28th January
Water Year (June-May)
Opening Closing
Date Level ft.
Storage m.cft.
Date Level ft.
Storage m.cft.
1934-35 1935-36 1936-37 1937-38 1938-39
1939-40 1940-41 1941-42 1942-43 1943-44
1944-45 1945-46 1946-47 1947-48 1948-49
1949-50 1950-51 1951-52 1952-53 1953-54
1954-55 1955-56 1956-57 1957-58 1958-59
1959-60 1960-61 1961-62 1962-63 1963-64
1964-65 1965-66 1966-67 1967-68 1968-69
12.06.34 12.06.35 09.06.36 09.06.37 10.06.38
12.06.39 07.06.40 12.06.41 17.05.42 25.05.43
17.05.44 25.05.45 02.07.46 01.06.47 18.06.48
23.06.49 03.07.50 20.06.51 05.07.52 05.07.53
14.06.54 20.06.55 01.07.56 15.06.57 20.06.58
27.06.59 15.06.60 19.06.61 19.06.62 29.06.63
06.07.64 12.06.65 21.07.66 03.07.67 07.07.68
54.20 50.00 76.35 104.80 89.70
53.15 103.35 119.30 97.00 86.90
96.05 93.65 71.70 109.75 72.70
66.90 38.20 79.20 50.95 54.30
98.60 82.65 70.40 120.25 71.40
64.10 65.10 81.30 73.75 40.00
43.45 55.10 47.00 56.45 63.85
27,915 17,811 38,410 71,202 52,310
19,854 69,252 91,491 61,020 52,196
59,840 56,970 34,078 78,055 35,064
30,100 11,156 41,166 18,352 20,423
62,915 44,649 33,041 93,873 33,915
27,836 28,633 43,265 36,009 12,089
13,936 21,151 15,974 22,115 27,638
29.01.35 29.01.36 12.02.37 02.02.38 29.01.39
28.01.40 28.01.41 09.02.42 28.01.43 25.02.44
25.02.45 28.01.46 29.01.47 28.01.48 24.02.49
07.02.50 12.02.51 28.01.52 07.02.53 10.02.54
07.02.55 31.01.56 07.02.57 28.01.58 07.02.59
17.02.60 07.03.61 28.02.62 07.03.63 01.03.64
21.02.65 21.03.66 31.03.67 19.02.68 23.02.69
25.30 59.50 93.75 83.20 43.85
85.45 108.20 93.60 83.00 91.35
94.85 8.90
114.50 50.80 48.35
33.05 65.40 52.60 18.00 80.85
73.25 58.70 91.15 87.10 62.80
84.10 55.30 62.60 30.25 10.75
52.00 14.20 43.40 14.70 22.00
5,784 24,316 57,045 45,220 14,187
47,605 75,877 56,863 45,011 54,209
58,370 1,433 84,970 18,300 16,789
8,792 28,875 19,489 3,539 42,859
35,602 23,70 53,975 49,400 26,800
46,164 21,313 26,701 7,624 1,814
19,633 2,580 14,411 2,699 4,760
248
Water Year (June-May)
Opening Closing
Date Level ft.
Storage m.cft.
Date Level ft.
Storage m.cft.
1969-70 1970-71 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74
1974-75 1975-76 1976-77 1977-78 1978-79
1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 1983-84
1984-85 1985-86 1986-87 1987-88 1988-89
1989-90 1990-91 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94
1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99
1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
07.07.69 24.06.70 27.06.71 07.07.72 25.06.73
20.07.74 04.07.75 24.07.76 15.07.77 05.07.78
12.06.79 12.06.80 11.07.81 21.06.82 17.08.83
12.06.84 08.07.85 21.08.86 09.11.87 07.08.88
20.08.89 22.08.90 21.07.91 12.06.92 12.06.93
12.06.94 03.07.95 26.07.96 12.06.97
01.07.99 12.06.00 12.06.01 06.09.02 07.10.03
12.08.04 04.08.05 12.06.06 18.07.07 12.06.08
53.00 69.05 79.35 86.25 97.10
64.50 75.80 62.55 59.00 82.65
87.83 102.18 81.40 72.95 86.80
81.05 69.15 69.50 82.00 74.75
88.35 82.95 84.55 99.35 95.70
97.20 74.02 51.86 97.38
87.35 104.10 98.04 66.95 72.52
93.11 106.32 115.27 109.85 103.31
19,753 31,891 41,312 48,469 61,146
28,154 37,899 26,625 23,946 44,649
50,201 67,689 43,367 35,287 49,067
43,810 31,976 60,399 43,978 36,924
50,787 44,959 46,642 64,002 59,410
61,272 36,253 19,003 61,498
46,673 70,257 62,329 30,136 34,904
56,277 73,275 86,127 78,196 69,199
28.02.70 28.02.71 15.02.72 28.02.73 12.02.74
03.03.75 23.02.76 28.01.77 24.03.78 28.02.79
28.01.80 28.01.81 28.02.82 27.01.83 30.01.84
28.01.85 03.02.86 12.02.87 27.02.88 17.02.87
05.02.90 18.01.91 28.01.92 28.01.93 28.01.94
28.01.95 28.01.96 28.01.97 28.01.98
05.02.00 28.01.01 11.02.02 19.02.03 05.01.04
28.01.05 28.01.06 28.01.07 28.01.08
34.85 19.60 15.90 69.90 16.20
10.40 44.30 15.88 38.38 72.20
99.28 44.35 61.40 17.38 61.70
33.43 11.00 20.60 23.80 13.80
21.65 25.90 105.50 99.30 96.48
68.91 22.32 98.13 107.92
104.82 95.06 51.30 28.16 29.99
55.26 112.24 84.56 94.68
9,590 3,986 2,993 32,615 3,069
1,742 14,411 2,987 11,268 34,619
63,905 14,439 25,742 3,373 25,971
8,957 2,484 4,278 5,289 2,486
4,595 5,991 7,215 6,392 6,037
3,177 4,632 6,244 7,548
7,123 5,863 1,864 6,812 7,519
2,183 8,163 4,665 5,474
249
Salient Features of the Mettur Dam
Name of the Reservoir Mettur Dam
Location Mettur
Catchments area up to the dam site 16,300 sq.miles
Width of river at dam site 1,100 ft.
Length of the dam 5,300 ft.
Greatest height of dam 214 ft.
Width of roadway between parapets 16 ft.
Greatest bottom width at deepest portion of dam 171 ft.
Maximum depth of storage 165 ft.
Maximum floods (1924) 4,56,000 cusecs.
Maximum water spread 59.25 sq.miles
Capacity of reservoir (gross) 95,630 m.cft.
Capacity of reservoir effective 93,470 m.cft.
Full Reservoir Level (FRL) 790 ft.
Top of dam above mean sea level 801 ft.
250
Krishnarajasagara Reservoir Project
Salient Features
1 Name of the Reservoir Krishnarajasagara Reservoir Project
2 Location Across River Cauvery near Kannambadi village
(a) Latitude 12° 25′ 30″ N
(b) Longitude 76° 34′, 40″ E
(c) Taluk Srirangapatna
(d) District Mandya
(e) Sub-basin C-1 Upper Cauvery
3 Catchment area (in sq.kms.) 10,619
4 Design yield (in TMC) 189 TMC.ft. at 50% dependability
5 Storage (in TMC)
i) Gross 49.452
ii) Dead 4,401
iii) Live 45,051
iv) Carryover Nil
6 Reservoir evaporation losses (TMC)
5.6
7 i) Filling period From June to September
ii) Depletion period From October to May
8 Submersion (in acres)
i) Forest area Nil
ii) Cultivable area 26,640
iii) Fallow land Nil
Total 26,640
251
iv) No. of villages/hamlets 25
9 Level of storages
i) Full Reservoir Level (FRL) 124.80 ft.
ii) Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL)
74.00 ft.
iii) Dead storage level 60.00 ft.
iv) Sill level of canals sluices
(a) Right bank low level Canal sluice 60.00 ft.
(b) Left bank low level Canal sluice 60.00 ft.
v) Sill level of rivers sluice 12.00 ft.
10 Silt charge per year (MCft./sq.km. of C.A.) 0.0003
(i) Designed Not available
(ii) Actual 0.0003
11 Ayacut (in acres)
i) L.B.C. (U.C.) 1,90,753
ii) L.B.L.L.C. 1,430
iii) R.B.L.L.C. 3,789
Total 1,95,972
12 General characteristics of soil in the command area
55% of the area is of course and fine sandy loams and remaining 45%are red loams, chocolate brown loams, sandy clays and clay loams
13 a) Installed power in MW Nil
b) Annual power generation MU
Nil
252
Cauvery Water Basin
253
Tribunal gives Tamilnadu more Cauvery water
254
255
The Holy River Cauvery
The banks of the River Cauvery in Karnataka, this saga dates
256
Tala Cauvery – Birth Place of Cauvery River
New Bridge Over Cauvery River (Old Bridge is
on the Right Side)
257
The region south to cauvery river, Hinduism
River Cauvery in all her glory at sunset. Sage Agastyar
258
Cauvery River Hogenakkal, Tamil Nadu, South India
Cauvery River
259
Valley of the River Cauvery near Trichy
Cauvery River Basin
260
Mettur Dam Pictures
The Martyr-King to the River Cauvery; Zinda-Rud departs