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APPEARANCES IN THE AP CURRICULUM: Trade Cities: HANGZHOU

Trade Route: SILK ROAD Interregional traded goods: SILK, PORCELAIN Technology: COMPASS State Sponsored Commercial Infrastructure: GRAND CANAL Empires: IMPERIAL CHINA (Sui, Tang, Song) Diasporic Communities: Chinese in Southeast Asia Interregional Travellers: XUANZONG, IBN BATTUTA, MARCO POLO Diffusion of Science/Technology: PRINTING/GUNPOWDER Reconstituted Governments combined traditional sources of power Spread of new Rice strains in Asia Synthesized & Borrowed Traditions: CHINESE INFLUENCE ON JAPAN Technological/Intellectual Transfers: TANG & ABBASIDS (PAPER) Industrial production of Iron/Steel increased in China Cities in DECLINE: CHANGAN Cities on the RISE: HANGZHOU Free Peasant Revolts: AN LUSHAN REBELLION/ RED TURBAN REVOLT Spread of Religion: BUDDHISM to CHINA; NEOCONFUCIANISM to SE ASIA

CHINA REUNITED SUI DYNASTY

BEGINS

1127 BCE

c.850 CE

581 CE

隋

600 CE

FIRST JAPANESE

EMBASSIES IN CHINA

605 CE

FIRST IMPERIAL EXAMINATION

(SCHOLAR-GENTRY)

609 CE

GRAND CANAL COMPLETED!!!

618 CE

SUI YANGDI

KILLED TANG DYNASTY BEGINS

635 CE

FIRST CHRISTIAN

MISSIONARIES ARRIVE IN CHINA

646 CE

XUANZANG’s

TRAVEL RECORDS ARE COMPILED

650 CE

FIRST MUSLIM EMISSARIES

ARRIVE IN CHINA

SUI

751 CE

BATTLE OF TALAS

(PAPERMAKING GOES WEST…)

851 CE

GREAT ANTI-

BUDDHIST PERSECUTION

BI SHENG INVENTS MOVEABLE TYPE

(PRINTING PRESS)

FIRST WRITTEN REFERENCE TO GUNPOWDER

1041 CE

JIN DEFEAT SONG FORCING CAPITAL TO MOVE SOUTH

1271 CE

KUBILAI KHAN ARRIVES; YUAN

DYNASTY BEGINS

1274 CE

MARCO POLO

ENTERS CHINA

1368 CE

YUAN DYNASTY OVERTHROWN;

ENTER THE MING

1405 CE

VOYAGES OF

ZHENGHE BEGIN

1406 CE

CONSTRUCTION OF FORBIDDEN

CITY BEGINS

TANG

SONG

YUAN MING

唐 宋 大元帝國 大明

LET ME SAVE US ALL SOME TIME… THE SUI DYNASTY LASTED 36 YEARS AND ONLY DID TWO THINGS WORTH MENTIONING…

581-618

(IN THEIR DEFENSE; THEY DID STANDARDIZE COINS, INTRODUCE THE EQUAL-FIELD SYSTEM, IMPROVED THE GREAT WALL, SAW THE SPREAD OF BUDDHISM, AND HAD AN EMPEROR NAMED WENDI…)

CHANGAN

NOW, IT’s YOUR TURN. ABOVE IS EVERYTHING YOU NEED ON THE SUI. YOUR TASK: FIND EVERYTHING SIGNIFICANT ABOUT THE TANG , SONG, YUAN & MING

隋

HAN CHINA FELL IN 220 CE o LONG PERIOD OF DIVISION/CIVIL WAR (220-581) o Ex. THREE KINGDOMS, SIXTEEN KINGDOMS

SEEN AS A REJECTION OF CONFUCIAN PRINCIPLES o PEOPLE RETURNED TO MYSTICAL BELIEFS o INTELLECTUALS TURNED TO DAOISM o BUDDHISM EVENTUALLY BECAME THE MAIN BELIEF:

MAHAYANA BUDDHISM DOMINATED OFTEN ATTACKED BY CONF/DAO AS “FOREIGN” AFTER CENTURIES OF CIVIL WAR/DISUNITY

SUI DYNASTY UNIFIED CHINA o DEFEATED OTHER SMALLER EMPIRES

CAPITAL: CHANG’AN (SEE MAP)

FOUNDER: SUI WENDI

UNIFYING FORCE: BUDDHISM/DAOISM

SUI WENDI KILLED BY HIS SON, YANGDI o SUI YANGDI=TYRANNICAL RULER o AFTER HIS DEATH, DYNASTY=OVER

COMPLETED: 605 CE LENGTH: 1,104 MILES GOAL: LINK THE RICE-RICH SOUTH

WITH POPULATION-RICH NORTH

FEATURES: -INCREASED COMMUNICATION -EASED TROOP MOVEMENTS -IMPERIAL HIGHWAY -FOR EMPEROR TO PATROL HIS EMPIRE

“THE EMPEROR CAUSED TO BE BUILD DRAGON BOATS, RED BATTLE CRUISERS, MULTI-DECKED TRANSPORTS, LESSER VESSELS OF BAMBOO SLATS. BOATMEN HIRED FROM ALL THE WATERWAYS PULLED THE VESSELS BY ROPES OF GREEN SILK ON THE IMPERIAL PROGRESS TO YANGZHOU. THE EMPEROR RODE IN THE DRAGON BOAT. THE BOATS FOLLOWED ONE ANOTHER FOR MORE THAN 65 MILES. COUNTIES WERE ORDERED TO PREPARE PROVISIONS. THOSE WHO FELL SHORT WERE GIVEN PUNISHMENTS UP TO THE DEATH PENALTY.”

-ACCOUNT OF THE EMPEROR”s ENVOY

隋

SUI DYNASTY

581-618

TANG DYNASTY

618-907

SONG DYNASTY

960-1279 YUAN DYNASTY

1271-1368 MING DYNASTY

1368-1664

唐

宋 元

明

-REUNITED CHINA -LED BY SUI WENDI

-ONLY TWO RULERS -SHORT DYNASTY -SUI WENDI, SUI YANGDI -HARSH (THINK QIN) -PEASANTS PAID DEBTS BY WORKING IN ARMY -GREEDY/EGOTISTICAL -BUILDING CAPITAL COST 400k LIVES -“STEADY FLOW OF CARTS CARRYING THE DEAD”

-AFTER FALL OF HAN IN 220, CONFUCIANISM STEADILY DECLINED -WENDI=BUDDHIST -ENCOURAGED CONFUCIANISM -BUILT CONFUCIAN SCHOOLS -ENCOURAGED BUDDHISM TOO -BUILT STUPAS

-CAPITAL=CHANGAN -RICE GROWING CRUCIAL -AGRARIAN SOCIETY -RICE GROWING REGIONS LOCATED IN THE SOUTH -REASON THE GRAND CANAL WAS SO IMPORTANT

-MILITARY CAMPAIGNS -DEFEATED FOREIGN INVADERS FROM PREVIOUS ERAS -(TURKS, TIBET) -BUILT GRAND CANAL -YANGDI USED FOR HIS DRAGON BOAT TOURS -PEOPLE USED TO GET SOUTHERN RICE -REBUILT THE GREAT WALL -“LONGEST CEMETERY “ -CIVIL SERVICE EXAM RETURNS TOO

-CAPTURED CHANGAN -ENDED SUI DYNASTY -ENDED POWER OF RICH MILITARY ARISTOCRATS -ASSIGNED THEM TO NORTHERN BORDER -SPIED ON THEM WITH INSPECTORS -KEPT THEM UNDER CONTROL

-EMPRESS WU=ONLY FEMALE RULER -BUILT HUGE BUREACRACY -NEW RULING ELITE=SCHOLAR GENTRY -EQUAL FIELD SYSTEM -TOOK POWER FROM ARISTOCRAT. -TOOK AWAY THEIR LAND -PAY TAXES BASED ON THAT LAND -ARISTOCRATS STILL HAD MORE -INCREASED WEALTH OF PEASANTS -COULD AFFORD TO SEND KIDS TO SCHOOL

-TANG BEGINS BUDDHIST -WU=BUDDHIST -TANG CONVERT TO CONFUCIAN. -XENOPHOBIA -TOO MANY MONASTERIES -TOO MANY MONKS -NOT TAXED! -WU ZONG DESTROYED MONASTERIES -PUSHED BUD. UNDERGROUND

-CHRISTIANITY & ISLAM ARRIVE -LITTLE IMPACT -JAPANESE ENVOYS BEGIN -ART REACHED PEAK! -STRESSED HARMONY WITH NATURE (MTNS., WATER)

-REOPENED SILK ROAD -CONTINUED WORK ON WALL -EQUAL FIELD SYSTEM

-TANG FALLS AND 50 YEARS OF FIGHTING ENSUES -IBN KHALDUN/FLUTE LESSONS WITH EMPEROR -TAI ZU EMPEROR -GENERAL WHO UNITED CHINA AFTER “5 DYNASTIES”

-OFTEN CALLED THE SOUTHERN SONG -CONTINUALLY RETRENCHING -CHINA SHRINKS IN SOUTHERN DIRECTION -CAPITAL-KAIFENG (CONQUERED)

-CAPITAL-MOVED TO HUANGZHOU -RULED FROM SOUTH (SOUTHERN FAMILIES) -MERITOCRACY- BASED ON CONF PRINCIPL. -DOMINATED BY WEALTHY FAMILIES

-RISE OF THE MERCHANTS -TRADITIONALLY LOOKED DOWN UPON -BUT SONG REALIZED THE AMOUNT OF TAX$$ -NEW RICE STRAIN FROM CAMBODIA -GROWS 2X AS FAST! -Less FARMERS NEEDED -LED TO MORE MERCHANTS

-CONFUCIAN -CHAN BUDDHISM ARRIVES -ENLIGHTENMENT THROUGH INTENSE MEDITATION, NOT STUDYING TEXTS -SIMPLE TO UNDERSTAND -TRANSMITTED TO JAPAN/KOREA -CONFUCIANISM STILL DOMINATES

-LIMITED TO THE SOUTH -TROUBLE WITH ETHNIC GROUPS ALONG BORDERS -MONGOLS, JURCHENS -THE DREADED KHITANS!!! -EVENTUALLY ENDS DYNASTY -JURCHEN TAKE CAPITAL -MONGOLS DEFEAT SONG FINALLY

-KK INHERITED FROM GK -1260 -KHANATE -TOOK CHINESE NAME YUAN

-YUAN KHANATE -WINTER CAPITAL:DADU (BEIJING) -KEPT CIVIL SERVICE EXAM -BUT STACKED IT WITH FOREIGNERS -(PERSIANS, TURKS, CHRISTIANS)

-HIERARCHIES EMERGED -MONGOLS -NON-CHINESE COLLABORATORS -NORTH CHINESE -SOUTH CHINESE -CHINESE CAN’T: - CARRY WEAPONS - GO OUT AT DARK - MARRY MONGOLS

-PRACTICES DISUNIFIED CHINA -WARS COST LIVES -SEIZED LAND FROM CHINESE -DECREASED FOOD PROD. -WELL CONNECTED -POST OFFICE/TRANSPORT -MARCO POLO

-1368 DEFEAT MONGOLS! -SECURED BORDERS -COLLECTED TRIBUTE FROM SURROUNDING AREAS -FOUNDED BY HONGWU

-CAPITAL=NANJING -REBUILT INFRASTRUCTURE -DIRECTLY OVERSAW CIVIL SERVICE EXAM -ONLY TRUSTED A FEW EUNUCH ADVISORS -ABOLISHED CABINET -OVERSAW IT ALL BY HIMSELF

-NEO-CONFUCIANISTS -MANY ACTUALLY JUST BLENDED ALL THREE CONF, DAO, BUDH

-CHINESE RE-ALLOWED TO TAKE THE CIVIL SERVICE EXAM -PEAK OF MERCHANT ACTIVITY -ZHENGHE VOYAGES -USED COMPASS -ENDED IN 1433 -ISOLATION BEGINS

-BUILT FORBIDDEN CITY -HUGE UNDERTAKING -DAOIST ROOFS -DISALLOWED FOREIGN TRADE

USING YOUR NEWFOUND KNOWLEDGE ABOUT POST-CLASSICAL CHINA, COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING GRAPHS ON THE CHANGES IN CHINA DURING THIS TIME.

DEVOUTLY BUDDHIST

MODERATELY

BUDDHIST

DESTROY THE

BUDDHISTS!

FOREIGNERS IN CONTROL

ENEMIES AT THE GATES

ALL CHINESE ALL THE TIME

POWER TO THE NERDS!

NERDS ARE OK…

DEATH TO THE NERDS!

HELLO WHITE

PEOPLE

SILK ROAD OPEN FOR BUSINESS

CLOSED FOR

BUSINESS