APES 11/30 and 12/1 Please take out your plate tectonics lab and map Log in to a computer Grab your...
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Transcript of APES 11/30 and 12/1 Please take out your plate tectonics lab and map Log in to a computer Grab your...
APES 11/30 and 12/1
• Please take out your plate tectonics lab and map
• Log in to a computer
• Grab your folder
• Got a soil sample? Label it and put in by the fume hood
Folder Grading
1. 2 current events (both stamped): 20 pts.
2. Unit 3 FRQs: 10 pts.
3. Wolf FRQ: 5 pts.
4. Biome Spreadsheet: 5 pts.
- Graded (mostly!) on completion since you correct your FRQs in class
Learning Targets
Plate Tectonics HW Review
• 5 min: check in with your group to get questions answered. I’ll be circulating!
• Put your gold lab in the inbox and your map in your folder.
What is on AP test:
I. Earth Systems and Resources (10-15%)
A. Earth Science Concepts (Geologic time scale; plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanism; seasons; solar intensity and latitude)
B. The Atmosphere (Ch. 4)
C. Global Water Resources/Use (after break)
D. Soil and Soil Dynamics (later this week)
What’s Inside the Earth?
Earth Profile by TextureLITHOSPHERE• Hard & brittle• Earth’s Crust +Upper-
most mantle • “Plates”
ASTHENOSPHERE• Highly Viscous • 2nd Upper-most mantle• Convection current
that carries the plates
Ocean and Continental CrustOCEAN crust• Denser• Thinner• Eventually subducted• Relatively young
CONTINENTAL crust• Less dense• Thicker• Rarely/never
subducted• Oldest crust on Earth
Theory of Continental Drift
• Continents were formed from the drifting apart of one super continent Pangaea
• http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0806/es0806page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization
• Found evidence of similar fossils and geological formations on different continents
• The shape of continents also seemed to “fit” together
Fossil & Geologic Evidence
Big flaw with theory: How did the continents actually move?
Theory of Plate Tectonics
• Outer “shell” of Earth is broken into plates (lithosphere)
• Plates are carried by convection cells in asthenosphere
• Moving plates collide, diverge, or slide by each other
• Explained Alfred Wegener’s Theory of Continental Drift
Convection cells in asthenosphere (upper mantle) cause sea floor spreading
Convergent Boundaries
1. Continental/Oceanic•Denser ocean crust is subducted under.•Deep trench, strong earthquakes•Energy of subduction often creates volcanic mountain range on continenthttp://education.sdsc.edu/optiputer/flash/subduction_5.htm
•Examples:
Andes Mts.
Cascade Mts.
• http://www.publicbroadcasting.net/kplu/news.newsmain?action=article&ARTICLE_ID=1402653§ionID=13
Convergent Boundaries2. Oceanic/Oceanic•Slower plate is subducted (pulled under)•Outcome = volcanic islands, strong earthquakes, tsunamis, deep trenches•Ex: Aleutian islands (Alaska), Hawaiian Islands, Japan, Southeast Asia
http://education.sdsc.edu/optiputer/flash/convergance2.htm
Hot Spots• Magma flows from a weak spot/vent in the
crust creating a volcano
• Crust above the vent is moving
• Forms a chain of land that varies in age down the chain (i.e. Hawaii)
• Why is Nihau the oldest Hawaiian Island? Hawaii the youngest?
• What island still has active volcanoes? In a hundred years will it still have an active volcano? Why or why not?
Types of Volcanoes
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HdhARb2PGqA
• Composite = Alt. layers of lava flows, ash, and cinder
• Infrequent but explosive eruptions
• Usually large and conical
• Occur along subduction zones
Ex: Mt Hood, Mt. Rainier, Mt Shasta
Convergent Boundaries
3. Continental/Continental•Continental Crust is light, so no subduction•Instead, piles of crumpled, folded crust = tall mountains•Examples: Himalayan Mts.,
Appalachian Mts.,
Alps
Himalayan Formationhttp://www.edumedia-sciences.com/en/a823-formation-of-the-himalayas
Divergent Boundary
• Normal Fault
• Mostly below the ocean
• Sea Floor Spreading - Forms new crust• http://education.sdsc.edu/optiputer/flash/seafloorspread.htm
• Example: Mid
Atlantic Ridge, Rift
Valley in Africa
Great Rift Valley- Africa
Age of Seafloor
Transform Plate Boundaries
• 2 plates sliding in opposite directions
• E.g. San Andreas Fault• http://education.sdsc.edu/optiputer/flash/SanAndreas.htm
Faults
• Fractures in crust
• Occur along plate boundaries, but occasionally occur in the middle of a plate
• Rigidity of crust builds up tension; eventually slippage occurs to release tension this is an earthquake
What causes the seasons?• Earth’s Tilt: 23.5 degrees.
• The rotation of the earth around the sun.
• Direct sunlight vs. Indirect sunlight.
Solar Intensity vs. Latitude
• Lower latitudes are nearest to the equator
• They always receive more intense sunlight than “higher” latitudes
• N and S hemispheres differ in solar intensity depending on season
Test Corrections!
• Multiple Choice only– Show new content learning
• All retakes and corrections due Friday– Retakes for scores of 22 and below
• Done early? Find the Ch. 8 assignment and start Module 24.
Due Next Time
• Gold Day:
Module 24 (see online assignment!)