Do Now - APES1. Grab a chromebook2. Log on to Albert.io & work on

The Living WorldLoss of BiodiversitySoil & Soil Dynamics

Fishing(10min) Mining HW

Work on QSC using today’s notes

Due Next Class

Do Now - EnviSys1. Have your “How much water” on your desk ready to be checked.

2. Prepare flash cards for the words (just write the word on the front):

Mineral Resource Acid Mine DrainageReserveOverburdenOreCommon Minerals & UsesSurface MiningSubsurface MiningOpen pit miningStrip MiningMountaintop RemovalThe Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977

Due Next Class

Work on QSC using today’s notes

Unit 4Water & Land Use

Minerals & Mining

Why it matters in LIFE:Part of being a functional human being is being able to understand what’s happening in the world around you!

Why it matters in THIS CLASS: Our Goal = 80% or 3, 4 , 5!Mastering today’s lesson (focused participation, asking questions, etc) is the first brick that will help us reach our goal for this unit, and eventually for the year

By the end of today, IWBAT…-Understand soil as a

renewable/nonrenewable resource-Explain the many ways soil is used

in our world

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Elemental Composition of the Earth’s Crust

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Minerals

Mineral resource- is a concentration of naturally occurring material from the earth’s crust that can be extracted (pulled out) and processed

Fossil fuels (coal)

Metallic minerals (aluminum, iron and copper)

Nonmetallic minerals (sand, gravel and limestone)

Considered a NON-renewable resource because they take so long to form

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Reserves Reserves- the known quantity of a resource that can be economically recovered.

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Ore- rock that contains a large enough concentration of a particular material (often metal) to make it profitable for mining and processing.

Overburden- the soil and rock overlying a useful mineral deposit

We use mined materials extensively We often don’t notice how many mined resources we use

In 2013, the average American consumed more than 17,200 kg (38,000 lb) of new minerals and fuels every year

A child born in 2012 will, at current use rates, use 1.3 million kg (2.9 million lb) during their lifetime

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Types of Mining Surface mining- removing minerals that are close to Earth’s surface.

Subsurface mining- mining for resources that are 100 m below Earth’s surface.

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Open pit mining- the creation of a large pit or hole in the ground that is visible from the surface.

Used with evenly distributed mineralsProduces huge pits and massive mounds of waste rock

Copper, iron, gold, diamonds, coalQuarries = open pits for clay, gravel, sand, stone (limestone, granite, marble, slate) Huge amounts of rock must be removed to get the small amounts of ore containing the trace amounts of minerals

Open pit mining creates immense holes in the ground The huge scale means large-scale habitat loss and aesthetic

degradation

Acid drainage comes from two sources

Runoff from waste heaps

Pits fill with water

Water in abandoned pits becomes extremely acidic and can be harmful

to wildlife and pollute groundwater

Regulations require waste heaps to be capped and planted with

vegetation

Mines will likely leach acid for hundreds of years

Shoreline of a pond receiving AMD showing massive accumulation of iron hydroxides on the pond bottom

Gigantic earthmovers strip away overburden and remove mineral deposits.

Once removed, the trench is filled back with the overburden and a new trench is stripped next to the old one.

Strip mining- removing strips of soil and rock to expose ore.

Mountain top removal- removing the entire top of a mountain with explosives.

• Explosives, large power shovels, a draglines are used to remove the top of a mountain and expose seams of coal which are then removed

• Appalachian Mountains; this form of mining is huge

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In subsurface mining, miners work underground

Subsurface mines = mines that access deep pockets of a mineral through shafts and tunnels that follow deposits The deepest mines extend 4 km (2.5 mi) underground

Zinc, lead, nickel, tin, gold, diamonds, phosphate, salt, coal

The most dangerous form of mining Dynamite blasts, gas explosions, collapsed tunnels

Toxic fumes and coal dust

Mines can cause damage, even after they are closed Acid drainage pollutes groundwater, sinkholes from collapsed tunnel, underground fires

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Legislation

The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977

Regulates surface mining of coal

Mandates land be minimally disturbed and reclaimed after the process

1. Which type of mining is usually most directly harmful to miners?a. Mountaintop removalb. Open-pit miningc. Placer miningd. Strip mininge. Subsurface mining

2. Which of the following is NOT a negative impact of surface mining?

a. Acid mine drainageb. Black lung disease for humansc. Habitat destructiond. Increased dust and erosione. Removal of massive amounts of soil

3. True or false, minerals are a renewable resource.

1. Which type of mining is usually most directly harmful to miners?a. Mountaintop removalb. Open-pit miningc. Placer miningd. Strip mininge. Subsurface mining

2. Which of the following is NOT a negative impact of surface mining?

a. Acid mine drainageb. Black lung disease for humansc. Habitat destructiond. Increased dust and erosione. Removal of massive amounts of soil

3. True or false, minerals are a renewable resource.

Cookie Mining Lab

1. Partner up with your pair below

(shiny side of card)

Eagle & Cat

Sea Lion & Ostrich

Turkey & Camel

Fish & Ladybug

Penguin & Lizard

Ant & Caterpillar

Octopus & Fly

Opossum & Lobster

Starfish & Turtle & Kangaroo