Apartheid powerpoint 3
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Aparthe id In South Africa
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ApartheidIn South Africa
Apartheid was a system of racial segregationApartheid was a system of racial segregation enforced by the National Party between 1948 enforced by the National Party between 1948
and 1994, under which the rights of the and 1994, under which the rights of the
majority non-white inhabitants were majority non-white inhabitants were
sistematically denied.sistematically denied.
Racial discrimination was institutionalized.Racial discrimination was institutionalized.
Apartheid lawsApartheid laws
19491949 - -Prohibiton of Mixed Marriages Act:Prohibiton of Mixed Marriages Act: prohibited marriage between people of different races.prohibited marriage between people of different races.
It was related with the It was related with the Inmorality ActInmorality Act: : sexual sexual relations between people of different races was considered relations between people of different races was considered a criminal offencea criminal offence..
1950 1950 --Population Registration ActPopulation Registration Act:: formalized formalized racial classification into racial classification into white, black, colour amd Indian white, black, colour amd Indian peoplepeople.. Introduced an identification that all non-whites had Introduced an identification that all non-whites had to carry, known as to carry, known as PASS BOOKSPASS BOOKS. This included . This included fingerprints, photo, and information on access to non-black fingerprints, photo, and information on access to non-black areas. If the person didn´t have it was imprisoned.areas. If the person didn´t have it was imprisoned.
-Group Areas Act-Group Areas Act:: forced physical separation forced physical separation by creating different residential areas for by creating different residential areas for different races.different races.
19511951 --Bantu Authorities ActBantu Authorities Act:: provided for the establishement provided for the establishement of black homelands and regional authorities, with the aim of creating of black homelands and regional authorities, with the aim of creating self-government in the homelands.self-government in the homelands.
1953 1953 --Reservation of Separate AmenitiesReservation of Separate Amenities: : municipal municipal grounds were reserved for a particular race, creating, among others, grounds were reserved for a particular race, creating, among others, separated beaches, buses, hospitals, ambulances, schools, and separated beaches, buses, hospitals, ambulances, schools, and universities.universities.
19531953 – –BantuBantu(Black)(Black) Education Act Education Act:: The system of education The system of education
was separated for african students (black), and was designed to was separated for african students (black), and was designed to prepare black people to work. Black students were not going to prepare black people to work. Black students were not going to received an education that would led them to aspire to positions they received an education that would led them to aspire to positions they wouldn´t be allowed to hold in society.wouldn´t be allowed to hold in society.
19501950 –Also, there were laws suppressing resistance, like the –Also, there were laws suppressing resistance, like the Suppression of Communism ActSuppression of Communism Act that banned the South that banned the South African Communist Party, and other political parties that the African Communist Party, and other political parties that the government thought were communist.government thought were communist.
19581958 - -Promotion of Bantu Self-government Act:Promotion of Bantu Self-government Act: transformation of reserves into idependant transformation of reserves into idependant bantustants bantustants (homelands). (homelands). With it, people there had to carry passports instead of pass books. With it, people there had to carry passports instead of pass books. They were no more legally South Africans. This means that all They were no more legally South Africans. This means that all political rigths, including voting were restricted to the homeland.political rigths, including voting were restricted to the homeland.
19701970 --Black Homeland Citizenchip Act:Black Homeland Citizenchip Act: No longer No longer citizens of South Africa, but citizens of their respective homelands.citizens of South Africa, but citizens of their respective homelands.
Non-white resistanceNon-white resistance In 1912 theIn 1912 the South African Native National Congress South African Native National Congress (SANNC) was (SANNC) was founded, known since 1923 as founded, known since 1923 as The African National Congress The African National Congress (ANC). It represented the interests of the black people of all (ANC). It represented the interests of the black people of all ethnic groups. First, it started orgainizing strikes and boycotts to ethnic groups. First, it started orgainizing strikes and boycotts to protest racist policies, in a peaceful way. However, as the protest racist policies, in a peaceful way. However, as the government attacks increased and the extreme Afrikaner government attacks increased and the extreme Afrikaner nationalism was rasing, it needed a more militant response. Its nationalism was rasing, it needed a more militant response. Its
representative leader was Nelson Mandela.representative leader was Nelson Mandela.
In 1960, In 1960, a large a large group of black students group of black students in Sharpevillein Sharpeville refused to refused to carry their pass books. As a consequence, the government carry their pass books. As a consequence, the government declarated a state of emergency. It declarated a state of emergency. It lasted for 156 days, leaving 69 lasted for 156 days, leaving 69 people dead and 187 people wounded: The Sharpeville Massacre.people dead and 187 people wounded: The Sharpeville Massacre.
In 1961, and as a response to this, In 1961, and as a response to this, The ANC was developing a The ANC was developing a military wing in its organization, called the Umkhonto We Sizwe military wing in its organization, called the Umkhonto We Sizwe
("Spear of the Nation“), or MK.("Spear of the Nation“), or MK.
In 1962, the government discovered Umkhonto’s headquarters. In 1962, the government discovered Umkhonto’s headquarters. Mandela was arrested and convicted of sabotage and other Mandela was arrested and convicted of sabotage and other charges, and sentenced to life imprisonment. He served 27 years, charges, and sentenced to life imprisonment. He served 27 years, spending many of these years on Robben Island.spending many of these years on Robben Island.
In 1974, South Africa´s Nationalist Party passes a law In 1974, South Africa´s Nationalist Party passes a law prohibiting instruction in schools to be any language but prohibiting instruction in schools to be any language but Afrikaans and English. In Soweto town, a students’ Afrikaans and English. In Soweto town, a students’ demonstration protesting this move was fired upon by demonstration protesting this move was fired upon by the police, and a thirteen year-old student was killed. the police, and a thirteen year-old student was killed. People in Soweto were outraged and for three days war People in Soweto were outraged and for three days war existed between the outraged public and the police, and existed between the outraged public and the police, and the clashes spread to other black townships. Two white the clashes spread to other black townships. Two white people died and, at least 150 black, mostly school people died and, at least 150 black, mostly school
children. children.
In 1978, Botha became Prime In 1978, Botha became Prime Minister of the National Party. Minister of the National Party.
A new constitution was created:A new constitution was created:
--Black homelands declared nation-states.Black homelands declared nation-states.
-Black labor unions were legitimized.-Black labor unions were legitimized.
-Black people were allowed to live in urban -Black people were allowed to live in urban areas and had property rights there.areas and had property rights there.
-Government commited itself to “separate -Government commited itself to “separate but equal” education.but equal” education.
1980s- Desmond Tutu, a black South 1980s- Desmond Tutu, a black South African African
bishop, led bishop, led an economic campaign an economic campaign against against
apartheid: foreign nations not to do apartheid: foreign nations not to do business business
with South Africa. Trade restrictions with South Africa. Trade restrictions were were
imposed, and South Africa was banned imposed, and South Africa was banned from from
the Olympic Games. the Olympic Games.
► 1989 -Botha retired and Frederik de Klerk, member of the National Party, was elected:
-He gave the black population their place in the politics of the Nation.
► Following his release from prison on 11 February 1990, Mandela led his party in the negotiations that ended in a multi-racial democracy in 1994.
► Mandela became President of South Africa:Mandela became President of South Africa: White and black people had to live together, in a nation of White and black people had to live together, in a nation of
laws with rights for all, that was the policy of the new laws with rights for all, that was the policy of the new government. government.
De Klerk and Mandela
Di Loreto, María EvaDi Loreto, María Eva
Artaza Martínez, MarianelaArtaza Martínez, Marianela
20112011
