AP WORLD HISTORY Chapter 17 & 20 Christianity and Medieval Europe Unit 3.
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Transcript of AP WORLD HISTORY Chapter 17 & 20 Christianity and Medieval Europe Unit 3.
AP WORLD HISTORY
Chapter 17 & 20 Christianity and Medieval Europe
Unit 3
Journal 12-1-14Why did the Western Roman Empire Fall?
Internal Pressures Power struggle (between 235 -241 ce 41
different people claimed to be emperor) Empire was too large Soldiers loyal to Generals rather than Rome Disease (small pox & measles) ravaged
population External Pressures ( Hun invasions,
Visigoths, Ostrogoth's, Vandals, and Franks)
What were the contributions of Charlemagne's reign, and why did it ultimately fail to last very long?
Used missi dominici extended empire to northeast Spain,
Bavaria, north Italy Created schools & emphasis on arts
( Carolingian Renaissance) It fell because Charlemagne's only
surviving son; lost control of the counts Divided empire among Charlemagne’s sons
What role did the serfs play in early medieval Europe? What was life like on the manor?
Worked the land for the lords in return for protection and small plots of land
Could not leave land without permission Manor: Large estate consisting of fields,
meadows, forests, domestic animals, lakes, rivers, & Serfs bound to the land
• Had bakeries, mills, breweries, wineries
Friendly Reminders
Read chapters 17 & 20 Discussion question due before Friday
Periodization
Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000
High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250
Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500
Europe in the 6 century
“Dark Ages”
500 -1000 a time of decreased
architectural & building techniques, organized government, and less long distance trade.
Most Germanic people could not read or write
Decentralized governments
What was the one unifying factor in Western Europe?
the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe.
tithe 1/10 tax on your assets given to the church.
Notre Dame Cathedral- Paris, France
Carolingian Empire (Carol means Charles in Latin)
Charlemagne742-814ce
Charles Martel 732
Clovis 486(Converted to
Roman Catholicism)
The Rise of the Franks ( temporary revival)
Under ________ the Franks become the dominant power in Western Europe
Clovis converted to _________, which in turn helped the Franks the gain the support of the Catholic Church
Clovis
Christianity
Charles Martel “The Hammer”
Charles Martel founder of the Carolingian Empire
Known for his military prowess
Defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Tours
Charlemagne: 742 to 814
United Western Europe
Missi Dominici- “Envoys of the Lord Ruler”
Defender of Roman Catholicism
Capital @Aachen, established centralized rule
History Teachers Song :Charlemagne
The Carolingian Renaissance
Pope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800
Charlemagne’s Empire “Holy Roman Empire”
Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:Treaty of Verdun, 843
Charlemagne’s Empire
Carolingian Demise
1. Charlemagne sons & grandsons lost control of the empire in 30 years
2. Muslims raided from the south, Magyars raided from the East, Vikings from the North
Viking Long boat
Monasticism
St. Benedict (480-547) establishes rules: poverty, chastity, obedience.
Agricultural laborers, worked in scriptoriums, ran inns, hospitals, orphanages.
St. Benedict established monastic rules.
A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium
A Medieval Monk’s Day
The Medieval Manor
Manor: Large estate consisting of fields, meadows, forests, domestic animals, lakes, rivers, & Serfs bound to the land•Had bakeries, mills, breweries, wineries
Manorialism*
Manors were primary sources of agricultural production
Large estate controlled by the lord and deputies
Feudalism: A Land DividedA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.
Serfs
Not fully free nor fully slave
Worked the land for the lords in return for protection and small plots of land
Could not leave land without permission
Worked 3-4 days for lord
What were the Crusades?
11th-14th century European Christian campaigns to retake Holy land and convert Muslims
History Teachers Song on Crusades
Crusades crash course
Why did “Christians” go on Crusades?
Religious Motives: retake the Holy land from the Muslims
Economic Motives: wanted access to trade routes (silk & spices)
Political Motives: help the Byzantines retake land from the Seljuk Turks
Results of the Crusades
Europe was re-introduced to Greco-Roman Culture
Discovered “Spoils of the East” as silk, rice, glass, coffee, & citrus products
European technology improved (Compass, astrolabe, gunpowder)
Weakened manorialism system & Feudalism
Economics of the Late Middle Ages Guilds-
Regulated production and sale of goods
Established standards of quality for manufactured goods
Determined prices and regulated entry of new workers
Hanseatic League
The Hanseatic League is an organization of cities in Northern Germany and Southern Scandinavia. They were grouped for the sole purpose of commercial alliance. They formed the league to encourage trade. Since the start of banking in Europe, it became possible for the countries to organize commercial trades with each other. The people from the Hanseatic cities would go anywhere to gain a profit and to trade. The league mostly traded timber, furs, tar, wheat and rye from the east to the countries in the west. They eastern countries traded their items for cloth from the west.
New Technology leads to population growth
_______ rotation Heavy plows Water mills (mills
for processing cloth, brewing beer, or grinding flour)
What new technologies led to an increase in agricultural production in the Post Classical period?
Mold Board Plow Crop Rotation Horse collar
What were the affects of migration in time period 3 ( 600ce-1450?
Vikings (using their longboats) migrated from the Northern European settling into Western European lands
Describe gender roles in W. Europe during the Middle Ages
Code of Chivalry- honor system that emphasized loyalty and “gentlemen” like behavior
Very Patriarchal: land equaled power: women could not inherit land or rule it
Women were admired for beauty and compassion or “femine” qualities
Historians use the term Middle Ages to refer to….?
the era from about 500 to 1500 C.E.
In the Early Middle Ages, the economic activity of Western Europe was
predominantly agricultural
The Holy Roman Empire was “neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire” because
A. the emperors were not crowned by the popes
B. the Byzantine emperors did not acknowledge the Holy Roman Empire
C. the people who lived there did not practice Christianity
D. it did not restore imperial unity to Western Europe
Which one of the following statements does not describe the crusades?
A. The campaigns showed European military superiority to Muslim armies.
B. One of the crusades conquered Constantinople instead of recapturing Palestine
C. The crusaders traded eagerly with Muslim merchants in the eastern Mediterranean.
D. The crusaders brought many Muslim ideas back to Europe with them.
E. The crusaders introduced to Europe new agricultural products they learned about from the Muslims.