States of Consciousness AP Psychology—Text Ch. 4

Describe your current thought in as much detail as possible. (this is your waking consciousness)

Try to NOT think.

Altered ConsciousnessExamples? Natural vs. intentional?

Daydreams…Good or Bad? Spontaneous use of imagination…1/3 to ½ of awake hours are spent

daydreaming (?) Evidence of a more agile working

memory?Benefits of Daydreaming

Hypnosis & Meditation

Hypnosis—OfficeSpace Complete Handout 5-12Hypnosis Demonstration Hypnosis=power of suggestion

Research backed ideas:Ability to be hypnotized does not

indicate gullibilityParticipants retain ability to control

behaviorPosthypnotic amnesia is rareNot dangerous when practiced by a

clinicianCan’t re-experience childhood events Is considered effective treatment for

some disorders

Meditation/Imagery Psychology Today: S

cience and Meditation

Mental Rehearsal & Performance

Progressive Relaxation Exercise

Sleep & Dreams

Take Sleep IQ Test (in sleep packet) Adult average score=5.5

Naps When do you get the most drowsy? Socio-cultural perspective? Research?

Those is isolation for weeks slept at night and napped in the afternoon

3, 30 minute naps/week were associated with 37% reduction in deaths from heart disease (23,000 participants)

Stress and sleep?

Sleep—another 1/3 of our livesAdenosine—

chemical that triggers sleepiness

Melatonin—hormone regulates circadian rhythms.

Disturbed circadian rhythms=hormone adjustments

Sleep Cycles—brain wavesAwake=Beta

Waves1: Alpha

Waves2: Sleep

Spindles 3: Delta

waves appear4: Deep Delta

REM

•Takes place every 90 minutes•Rapid Eye Movements •Accompanied by sleep paralysis•Not to be confused with NREM

Sleep Cycles cont…

Duration of StagesStage 1: lasts only a few momentsStage 2: 45-50%Stage 3 & 4: dominate first half of night…

REM and 2 dominate the restREM: 20-25% of night…paralysis, heightened

brain activity…1st dream = appox. 10 minSleep cycle occurs approx 4-5 times per night

and lasts 90 minutes.

Dream Theories Daniel Tosh track“The royal road to the

unconscious” –Freud Manifest and latent content

Dreams simply reflect life events 1st dream of the night

connects with events of the day—then REM works like the telephone game

REM helps us rememberActivation-Synthesis

theorySource of creative insight

Dreams Kids dream substantially

more than adults Explain dreaming from

each of the psychological perspectives…

Handout 5-9: What do we dream about?

5-10: Remembering your dreams…try to track your dreams for one week.

Problem Solving Experiment—volunteers?

Dream studiesChildren are more likely

to dream of animalsCollege students are

more likely to dream of small pets

Women dream of children

Men dream of aggression and weapons

American women dreamt about both men and women

American men dreamed of men twice as often as of women

64% of interactions in dreams were hostile as opposed to friendly

Ghanaians often dream of attack by cows

Americans are more likely to find themselves embarrassed by public nakedness

Sleep DeprivationStudy: 24 hours of

sleep loss = equivalent test scores of intoxicated subjects

Exxon-Valdez—crew member steering the ship had only six hours of sleep in the past two nights.

Sleep Disorders 1) Narcolepsy–

the narcoleptic dog2) Sleep Apnea—

cessation of respiration

3) Insomnia—common causes are anxiety and substance use

4) Sleep Walking & Night TerrorsMore common in

childhoodOccurs in 1st stage 4Occurs often due to

sleep deprivation

Complete Handout 5-5: Morningness—Eveningness Questionnaire

Complete Handout 5-6: Am I Sleep Deprived?

Complete Handout 5-8: Sleep Strategies

Sleep and MemoryRead “Shhh…I’m getting Smarter”

Drug-Altered ConsciousnessMouse Party