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![Page 1: AP Psych Class Announcements: Molly, Kristen, Megan H.,, Queenie, Kyle, Jenny, Katherine, Anthony Don’t forget extra credit!!!!! Aim: to define intelligence.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649f525503460f94c7665a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
AP Psych Class Announcements:
Molly, Kristen, Megan H.,, Queenie, Kyle, Jenny, Katherine, Anthony
Don’t forget extra credit!!!!!
Aim: to define intelligence
Do NOW: 405-26 quiz
HW: study for ch 10 big quizPractice questions
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Intelligence
What makes us intelligentOr
Not so intelligent
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Intelligence
• The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
• Is socially constructed thus…Can be culturally specific. According to this
definition, are both Einstein and Ruth intelligent?
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How do we define intelligence?
• Are these people intelligent?
• http://sites.google.com/site/sunsetpsychos/Home/intelligence
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History of Assessing Intelligence
• 1. Alfred Binet:
• Alfred Binet was asked by the French gov’t to create a test to find a child’s mental age (what a person of a particular age should know).
• He discovered that by discovering someone’s mental age they can predict future performance.
• Hoped they could use test to help children, not label them.
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2. LewisTerman (Stanford U.)
• A 8 year old has a mental age of 10, what is her IQ?
• A 12 year old has the mental age of 9, what is his IQ?
• Used Binet’s research to construct the modern day IQ test called the Stanford-Binet Test.
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How he calculated IQ:• Mental age ex: 12 Chronological age X 100 10 x 100 = 120
This formula was called the Intelligence Quotient
Can this work for adults? No! Instead they came up with a distribution curve.
Lewis Terman of Stanford U. took Binet’s test and revised it for US citizens and called it the Stanford-Binet
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Problems with the IQ Formula
• It does not really work well on adults, why?
then his IQ would be 50!!!!!!
If a 60 year old man
does as well as an average 30 year old
That makes no sense!!!!!
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Answer:
• For adults, you go by the normal curve and compare your score
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The Normal Curve and Stanford-Binet IQ Scores
Fig. 8.1
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3. Spearman’s theory
• The “g” factor – general, overall ntelligence
» If one has this, they would do well on all areas of the IQ
• The “s” factor – specific intelligence» When one does well on a few specific areas of the IQ test,
thus revealing their strengthtest, thus giving them a high score.
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4. Sternberg’s Theory:Three Aspects of Intelligence
Gardner Simplified• Analytical (academic
problem solving).• Creative (generating
novel ideas)• Practical (required for
everyday tasks where multiple solutions exist).
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Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory
Ability to cope with the environment; “street smarts”
Practical Practical IntelligenceIntelligence
Analytical Intelligence
Creative Intelligence
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Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory
Ability to analyze problems and find correct answers; ability measured by most IQ tests
also called logical reasoning
Practical Intelligence
Analytical Analytical IntelligenceIntelligence
Creative Intelligence
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Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory
Form of intelligence that helps people see new relationships among concepts; involves insight and creativity
Practical Intelligence
Analytical Intelligence
Creative Creative IntelligenceIntelligence
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5. Gardner’s theory: Multiple Intelligences
• Howard Gardner disagreed with Spearman’s g and instead came up with the concept of multiple intelligences.
• He came up with the idea by studying savants
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Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
• Visual/Spatial • Verbal/Linguistic • Logical/Mathematical• Bodily/Kinesthetic • Musical/Rhythmic • Interpersonal • Intrapersonal • Natural
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Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
LinguisticLinguistic
Logical-MathematicalLogical-Mathematical
SpatialSpatial
MusicalMusical
Bodily-KinestheticBodily-Kinesthetic
InterpersonalInterpersonal
IntrapersonalIntrapersonal
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Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences• Often measured on IQ
tests with reading comprehension and vocabulary tests
LinguisticLinguistic
Logical-Mathematical
Spatial
Musical
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
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Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
• Often measured on IQ tests with analogies, math problems and logic problems
Linguistic
Logical-MathematicalLogical-Mathematical
Spatial
Musical
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
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Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
• Ability to form mental images of objects and think about their relationships in space
Linguistic
Logical-Mathematical
SpatialSpatial
Musical
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
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Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
• Ability to perceive and create patterns of rhythms and pitches
Linguistic
Logical-Mathematical
Spatial
MusicalMusical
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
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Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
• Ability for controlled movement and coordination
Linguistic
Logical-Mathematical
Spatial
Musical
Bodily-KinestheticBodily-Kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
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Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
• Ability to understand other people’s emotions, motives and actions
Linguistic
Logical-Mathematical
Spatial
Musical
Bodily-Kinesthetic
InterpersonalInterpersonal
Intrapersonal
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Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
• Ability to know oneself and to develop a sense of identity
Linguistic
Logical-Mathematical
Spatial
Musical
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Interpersonal
IntrapersonalIntrapersonal
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6. Goldman’s theory:Emotional Intelligence (EQ)
• First called social intelligence.
• The ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions.
• Some studies show EQ to be a greater predictor for future success than IQ!!!!!!!
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Emotional Intelligence
• Indicators:
• Self-awareness (recognize your own feelings)• Mood management (redirect a bad mood)• Self motivation• Impulse control (delay pleasure)• People skills (empathize, understand,
communicate and cooperate with others)
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The Marshmellow Test
• Can you delay gratification?
• Studies show that 5 year olds that can grow up to earn higher grades and be more successful in college.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CYr4FgMYGI
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Brain Size and IntelligenceIs there a link?
• Small +.15 correlation between head size and intelligence scores (relative to body size).
• Using an MRI we found +.44 correlation with brain size and IQ score.
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Brain Function and Intelligence
• Higher performing brains use less glucose than lower performing brains.
• Neurological speed is also a bit quicker.
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Aptitude v. Achievement TestsAptitude• A test designed to
predict a person’s future performance.
• The ability for that person to learn.
Achievement• A test designed to
assess what a person has learned.
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WAIS
• Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)- consists of 11 subtests and cues us in to strengths by using…..Factor analysis
THE MOST WIDELY USED IQ TEST TODAY!!!!
Examples:
–Puzzle assembly,–Picture arrangement
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How do we construct Intelligence tests?
Tests must be:
• Standardized• Reliable
• Valid
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Standardization• The test must be pre-tested to a
representative sample of people and• Forms a normal distribution or bell curve
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Flynn Effect
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The Flynn Effect
• Performance on IQ scores has steadily increased over generations
Why????
– Environmental factors might be the cause:
• Reduction in malnutrition• Access to schooling• Technological advances
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Reliability
• The extent which a test yields consistent results over time.
• You can use the “Spilt halves” or test–retest method to find out.
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ValidityThe extent to which a test measures
what it is supposed to measure.• Content Validity- Does the test test
over the correct content?
• Predictive Validity- Does the test predict future behavior?
Criterion related validity
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Which type of validity if this?
• I recently went for my driving test at the DMV. Much to my surprise, the written test contained questions about the history of the automobile.
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Does the SAT have predictive validity?
• The correlation b/t your SAT score and college performance is…….
+.50
Is that a high correlation??????
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• A child’s performance on on IQ tests becomes stable by age 7
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Is intelligence one thing or several different abilities?
• To find out scientists use FACTOR ANALYSIS:A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test.
• Charles Spearman used FA to discovery his g or (general intelligence).
He saw using FA that doing well in one area of a test predicted that you will do well in another.