AP EURO - Introduction Ms. Callejas. SATELLITE VIEW OF EUROPE.
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Transcript of AP EURO - Introduction Ms. Callejas. SATELLITE VIEW OF EUROPE.
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AP EURO - IntroductionMs. Callejas
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1. Northern Europe 2. Western Europe 3. Eastern Europe 3,800 square miles
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1. “Classical Period” - Ancient Greece/Rome
2. “Middle Ages/Medieval Period”- (Early : 476-1000, High : 1000-1300, Late : 1300- 1450)
3. “Early Modern Period” – 1450 to mid 1700’s
4. “Modern Period”- Mid 1700’s to Present
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Inquiry: A close examination of something in order to search for information or truth.
Historical Sources: Are used as EVIDENCE by Historians.
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1. Primary Source:
A document/Artifact that originates from the past.
Ex: letter, diary, drawing, Painting, clothing, document, map, photograph…
2. Secondary Source:
A document/Artifact that has been written (or made ) recently about the past.
Ex: textbook, scholarly article, biography, current book.
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13th century = 1200’s 14th century= 1300’s 15th century = 1400’s 16th century = 1500’s 17th century = 1600’s 18th century = 1700’s 19th century = 1800’s 20th century – 1900’s 21st century = 2000’s
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****
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Chapter 9
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1. Improvement in climate
2. New Agricultural Methods : wheeled plow
3. Growth in Population
4. Growth in Trade 5. Growth of Cities
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1st European University:
* Bologna, ItalyEst. 11th century !
*University of Paris, 1200
*University of Oxford (England), 1208
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1. Trivium : Grammar, rhetoric, logic
2. Quadrivium: arithmetic, geometry, astronomy & music
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Degrees awarded after
4-6 years of study Artium Baccalaureus
(Bachelor of Arts) Artium Magister
(Master of Arts) Doctor’s Degree-Law,
Medicine, Theology. Required 10 additional years of study!
Lectures in Latin
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Instructional Method:
An attempt to reconcile faith (Theology) and reason (Greek Philosophy of Aristotle)
St. Thomas Aquinas
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Social, Political, & Ecclesiastical Breakdown
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Brutal , Longer Winters 1303, 1306-1307
Excessive Rain & Floods 1314
3 Years of Crop Failures 1315- 1317
End result : The Great Famine
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The Plague Culprits: Rats &
Fleas carried bacterium
Yesrinia Pestis Symptoms: high
fever, aching joints, swelling of lymph nodes, dark blotches
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Entered through Constantinople (Turkey) 1346
Spread rapidly Followed Trade
routes The dance
maccabre
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European population declined between 25% to 50%
Between 1347-1351 How did this
inexplicable event affect the mentality of people?
Doctor’s Robe
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New attitudes towards Life & Death emerged
Altered ideas towards religion
2 Perspectives: 1.New Pietism
Emerged 2. Loss of Respect
for the Church
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The Flagellants (Germany)
Saw Black Death as punishment from God
Flogged themselves to win forgiveness of God
Catholic Church alarmed
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Jews accused of Causing Plague
By “poisoning wells”
Jews Persecuted In Germany 60
Jewish Communities persecuted by 1351
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Wrote The Decameron
Premise of Novel : Nobles “hide” in country home to escape plague
And Tell stories to pass time
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZy6XilXDZQ
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A Series of wars between England and France
What were the causes of the Hundred Year’s War?
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* French King Charles IV died without a male heir
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English King Edward III
Claimed French Throne as his
Why? His Grandfather was a French King!
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French Barons were insulted and
Chose Phillip VI of Valois as King
(1st cousin of the dead French King Charles IV)
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French land controlled by English King!
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Flanders wanted independence from France
Asked England for help…
And acknowledged English King Edward III as King of France 1340 !!!
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France not a unified country before war began
French King controlled only ½ the country
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A Series of short raids
Few Major battles Marked by Times
of truce & Ineffective treaties
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Much larger population
Army of 50,000 men vs. British army of 32,000
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Weapons & Technology:
The Long Bow ( six arrows per minute!)
Successful strategies:
1. Capture the enemy knights & hold them for ransom !
2. Raids: steal & destroy
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English won greatest victory
Used Cannons & Longbows
They Captured the greatest ransom…of all
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John II “the Good” claimed throne in 1350
was Captured by the English!
France now “ruled” by Estates General
Representative Council of Townspeople & nobles
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France agreed to pay ransom- 3 million gold crowns for King John II’s Release
King Edward of England renounced claim to French throne, but kept territories
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Re-started the war
invaded a weakened France
With help from Dukes of Normandy,
Gained control of Normandy, Paris, & Northern France
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Legitimate French heir disinherited !
King Henry V of England proclaimed successor to French Throne !
Henry V and Real French Heir Charles VI died 1422
But Charles VI had a SON…
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Son of Charles VI Rightful French
heir to the throne Was desperate to
win/end war
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Presented herself to King Charles VII in 1429
The King of Heaven called her to deliver the besieged Orleans from the English.
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Became an inspiration to all
Unified hopes of the French
Brought sense of national identity & self confidence
Led French army to victory at Orleans , 1429
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Fell into English hands
Her “unnatural dress” & claim to divine guidance was used against her
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Suffered 10 weeks of interrogation
Condemned & burned as a heretic
She was 19 1456 declared
innocent 1920 declared
Roman Catholic Saint
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQydMhY9OpI
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1. France gained national identity and a “National” hero, Joan of Arc
2. France became unified “nation” 3. England lost territories in France by
1450 4. War ended 1453