AP Biology

Bellwork What is the monomer & polymer of:

Carbohydrate=

Protein=

Lipid=

Nucleic Acid=

AP Biology 2007-2008

Molecular Structure of Macromolecules

AP Biology

Review Smaller organic molecules join together

to form larger molecules macromolecules

4 major classes of macromolecules: carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids

AP Biology

H2O

HO

HO H

H HHO

Review Long molecules built by linking repeating

building blocks in a chain monomers

building blocks repeated small units

covalent bonds

Dehydration synthesis

AP Biology

H2O

HO

HO H

H HHO

Target #36- I can state how a polymer is synthesized Synthesis

joins monomers by “taking” H2O out one monomer donates

OH–

other monomer donates H+

together these form H2O

requires energy & enzymes\

Also known as condensation reaction

You gotta be open to“bonding!

AP Biology

H2O

HO H

HO H HO H

Target #37- I can state how to break down a polymer

Hydrolysis use H2O to breakdown polymers

reverse of dehydration synthesis cleave off one monomer at a time

H2O is split into H+ and OH–

H+ & OH– attach to ends requires enzymes releases energy

Breaking upis hard to do!

Target #38- I can identify the molecular structure of each macromoleculesCarbohydrates

Characterized by the presence of the atomic grouping H-C-OH

Has a hexagonal shapeCreated with a ring

of carbon molecules

Proteins Characterized by the

presence of the monomer amino acid There are 20 different

amino acids Vary in Shape Identified by 3

components Amino group Carboxylic acidic group R group

Lipids Characterized by the

presence of a glycerol and three fatty acid chains Molecular group

Glycerol= H-C-O Fatty Acid Choins

Muliti-carbon chain with many hydogens

Connects to glycerol in a O-C=O group

Has no polymer

The monomer of a Nucleic Acid is a nucleotide Nucleotides consist of a phosphate, a

pentose sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base

Five nitrogen containing bases Adenine Guaninie Thymine Cytosine Uracil