“PICO / NANO / MICRO SATELLITES (PNMSats)files.gtu.ac.in/circulars/15SEP/18092015.pdfTYPE PICO...

Gujarat Technological University (http://www.gtu.ac.in/)

A

Report

Of

Two Day Workshop

On

“PICO / NANO / MICRO SATELLITES

(PNMSats)”

By

Dr. SharanAsundi Assistant Professor, Aerospace Science Engineering Department,

Tuskegee University

Date:

10- 11 July, 2015

Venue:

Gujarat Technological University Nr.Vishwakarma Government Engineering College

Nr.Visat Three Roads, Visat - Gandhinagar Highway Chandkheda, Ahmedabad – 382424 – Gujarat


Coordinated and Reported By: NidhiThakore [[email protected]]

In order to acquaint the faculty and students of GTU with the scope of space research and

under the visionary leadership of Honorable Vice Chancellor, Dr. AkshaiAggarwal, Gujarat

Technological University successfully organized Two Day Workshop on

“Pico/Nano/Micro Satellites (PNMSats)” on 10th - 11thJuly, 2015 at its Chandkheda

Campus, Ahmedabad. The workshop was conducted by Dr.SharanAsundi, Assistant

Professor, Tuskegee University. The core objective of the workshop was to awake and

help the participants toexplore about the Pico, Nano and Micro Satellites.

About Resource Person: Dr.SharanAsundiis an Assistant Professor in the Aerospace Science Engineering

department at Tuskegee University, which is the first and only historically black institution

of higher learning to offer an accredited BS degree program in this field. He has

collaborated with NASA Goddard Space Flight Center to conduct research in the field of

small satellites. He is actively pursuing support from NASA, AFRL, NSF and other

organization supporting research in aerospace. Most recently, he has proposed (to NSF) to

develop a 6U CubeSat in collabortion with University of Florida, NASA and Maryland

Aerospace Inc to advance the understanding of upper atmospheric composition. He has

sought funds from AFRL to set up a magnetic coil test facility at Tuskegee University to

research the design and development of magnetically clean compact satellites. Rockwell

Collins has approved funding to develop an Amateur Ground Station at Tuskegee

University.

Day – 1 (10th July, 2015)

The workshop commenced with welcome speech by Ms. NidhiThakore - Program

Coordinator. Inaugural session was graced by Dr. PradeepSrivastava – Research Advisor

GTU and Mr. NareshJadeja - Deputy Director GTU. Mr. Jadeja shared the vision of Honorable

Vice Chancellor and delivered encouraging words to the participants by motivatingthem to

attend such engineering workshops. He also explained the objectives, importance of

organizing such space related workshop and suggested that especially the students can

explore in this area and can work upon it for their final year project.Dr. P. K. Srivastava

warmly welcomed Dr. Asundi and also shared his work experience of ISROand briefed the

students and faculties of GTU on how to get exposure to work for Space Domain.

Technical session was delivered by Dr. Asundi. Firstly the participants were introduced to

basic rocket science, space engineering and motion of celestial bodies. Then starting from

Kepler’s laws, the orbital mechanics was taught focusing more on occupied and unoccupied

foci. The periapsis and perihelion fundamentals were discussed thereafter. He discussed

all the three Kepler’s laws in detail with pictorial representation and explained the concept



of angular momentum. Newton’s first and second laws were explained along with the

formulas and two body problem.

Session on Launching of a Satellite with concepts of Physics

The basics of how to launch a satellite and where it is to be placed were explained by

defining the concept of positions in space. Differential equation with mathematical model

of physical system was derived to develop relation between the input and the output.

The two body problem statement was explained with approx. defining absolute position in

the space. The three body problem was explained by taking an example of Mars Mission

which has 12 constants and also it does not have an analytic solution for the same to break

into 2 – 2 body resulting into 10 constants from which 6 are linear momentum constants, 3

are angular momentum constants and 1 is for conservation of mechanical energy. The

three body problem statement was also explained with grouping of two bodies concluding

that it cannot define absolute position in space. Newton’s laws were discussed in inertial

sphere with mathematical modelling. The differential equation of the physical system was

formulated with the input and output relationship. Linearity and non linearity of the

physical system was discussed with mathematical modelling.

The rigid body in 3D space was discussed with 6 DOF with X,Y,Z co-ordinates. The conic

section was introduced with slicing techniques resulting in different mathematical

equations. Defining the base at unit vector determines orthogonal spaces and also

explained about the inertial frame which is a non-accelerating frame in space. The 4 force’s

namely weak nuclear forces, strong nuclear force, gravitational force and electromagnetic

force acting on the rigid body were discussed.

Linear and Angular momentum were discussed along with torque and rotational motion.

Conservation of Angular momentum and Linear momentum were discussed with the help

of mathematical modelling.

Session on Orbital Elements

The orientation of orbit and orbital perbutationwas discussed with RAAN, Omega,

Inclination, Prograde, Retrograde line of Apside, Vernal Equinox, Argument of Perigee,

Inclination, True and Mean Anomaly, Eigen Axis, Eigen Angle. A small talk on the different

kinds of orbit namely geo, Leo, neo, highly elliptical orbits, etc. was carried along with the

discussion that any orientation can be expressed about 1 axis by 1 angle and if another

body is placed in the orbit, the position of the orbiting body can be obtained by true

anomaly.



He briefed about the basics of Geo Stationary and Geo Synchronous satellites, notable

differences between them and ground track of geostationary orbit which will be facing the

equator were explained. In addition to the above, the following topics were also discussed:

Importance of ground tracing

ECF (Earth Centered Fixed) Reference Frame

Latitude & Longitude

Polar orbit

Vernal equinox

Fundamental rotation matrices

The STK software from AGI was shown with live practical demonstration of a satellite

orbiting in space. The Quotorians, Epoch and Trace of a satellite were shown live in STK.

The STK software was very helpful for practicing orbit Simulation.

The concept of GYROSCOPE and REACTION WHEEL was introduced by explaining more in

detail about conservation of momentum of Gyroscope.

The video of project on “REACTION WHEEL ACTUATED SATELLITE DYNAMICS TEST

PLATFORM” was shown and the concept of gyroscope with reaction spinning wheel was

more clearly explained.

Reaction Wheel Actuated Satellite Dynamics Test Platform

The concept of micro thrusters using gas thrusters, electric ion thrusters used in NANO

Satellites was explained and added that electrical thrusters are the future of small satellite

missions.



DAY – 2 (11th July, 2015) Session of Small Satellite Subsystem along with sizing and application of a small

satellite

Pico/Nano/Micro Satellites with their CUBESAT

specifications were explained. Jordipuig-suari

from California Polytechnic State University and

Bob Twiggs of Stanford University invented the

cube sat. They simply wanted to design a

spacecraft with capabilities similar to Sputnik

that college students, researchers could design

and build small scale satellite on their own along

with testing and operating. For the size, the

professors settled on a 10-centimeter cube

because it was large enough to accommodate a

basic communications payload, solar panels and

a battery.

Today the Cubesatdesign for Pico/Nano/Micro Satellite are taken from their references.

TYPE PICO NANO MICRO MINI POWER 2W 20W 50W 120W WEIGHT 1KG 10KG 100KG 500KG DIMENSION 10cm 30cm 50cm 1m

Pico/Nano/Micro Satellite Specification

The CUBESAT Specification and P-POD CUBESAT Specification were given and explained

with reference Rev.12

Pico – Class Cubesat (1U) <1.33 Kg and 10 x 10 x 10 cm

Nano – Class Cubesat (3U) <4 Kg and 10 x 10 x 34 cm

Poly Picosatellite Orbital Deployer (P-POD)

Protect primary Spacecraft and LV

Deploy Secondary

Can deploy any configurations of three 1U Cubesats< 7 Kg

Containerization approach

Reduce launch cost



Technology Demonstrators along with Space qualifications were discussed in detail:

Computing and Satellite Bus – CanX1, QuakeSat – I, CP1

Electrical Power – Delfi – C3, AAUSAT – 2, CUTE - 1

Communications - CANX – 1, CUTE – 1

Attitude Determination and Control – X1-1U, AAUSAT

Utility Spacecraft and their functions were explained which are as follows:

NASA’S GeneSat – 1 – tested growth of E-Coli

NASA’S Pharmasat – detect growth, density and health of yeast cells.

NASA’S/ OREOS – space environment effects on organic compounds, time

dependent viability of living organisms in space

QuakeSat – 1 – provided data for early detection of quakes.

Also the requirement of PNMSats and its comparison with traditional satellites along with

the pros and cons of each were discussed. The Systems Approach - Flowdown based on

NASA’s System Engineering Handbook and each of the following were presented in detail:

Mission Definition

Mission Objectives

Mission Requirements

COTS Pool of Basic Building Blocks

Components, Interfaces & Tasks

Session on Tracking of NOAA 2 Satellite at GTU

NOAA satellite tracking was scheduled at around 3:40 PM IST on the GTU terrace. The

downlink frequency of NOAA 2 was 137.5 MHz whereby NOAA 2 was approaching from

south direction to south east direction which was noted with the help of receiver and

antenna by the participants on the terrace.

Workshop ended with the vote of thanks and distributions of certificates to all the 58

participants.

Two day workshop was successfully coordinated by Ms. NidhiThakore, Prof.

KrutikaParadkar, Prof. Darshan Patel under the guidance of Mr. NareshJadeja – Deputy

Director GTU.



WORKSHOP PHOTO GALLERY

Dr. Asundi delivering lecture to participants

Reception Downlink Frequency of NOAA 2 Satellite

Participants attending Workshop

Participants tracking NOAA 2 Satellite with antenna



Participants of Workshop with Dr. SharanAsundi and Dr. PradeepSrivastava



MEDIA COVERAGE



FEEDBACK

“The efforts put in from GTU's side is truly commendable. The workshop was not only

instructive but interesting and engrossing as well. Being conducted by such an eminent

faculty was an added benefit. I would suggest such programmes be held more often.”

--Navishta N Siddiqui, Lukhdhirji Engineering College, Morbi

"I really appreciate efforts of GTU to create awareness about newer field of research. We can guide our UG and PG students in same direction.”

--HetalPathak, Professor, Babaria Institute of Technology, Varnama “Grateful to GTU for this two day workshop, I learnt many aspect and views of satellite and also learnt practical and useful application of yagi antenna. I would like to thank Dr. SharanAsundi for giving us such good knowledge about satellites.”

--AkshayMahitkar, L. J. Polytechnic



“The workshop of PNMSat was very useful in understanding deeply about the orbital

mechanics and perbutation, Satellite Subsystem along with satellite tracking and use of

Amateur Radio for tracking live NOAA Satellite.

The PAYLOAD assembling in the small satellite taught was very useful using the 3D printed

frame for assembling. Tracking the NOAA Satellite using BAOFENG - UV5R Amateur radio

along with Yagi Antenna was very interesting and one can build his/her own satellite

tracking device with proper Amateur radio license.

The session of Satellite subsystem was very interesting with this one can get the flow of

complete small satellite design.

Satellite moving in orbit along with footprints were shown in STK software with this one

can practice more on orbital mechanics.

It would be more helpful for students and faculties if more such space domain programmes

are taught in GTU. Awaiting for the next Satellite workshop."

--Virendra Patel, Professor, BhagwanMahavir College Of Engineering And Technology, Surat

“It is one of the leading step of GTU towards international standardized education. The

workshop was so inspiring along with good technical aspects and it is our pleasure to

attend this workshop. Keep on moving ahead GTU along with the students which will lead

to world class education.”

-- JayeshMahitkar, Vict, Gandhinagar

"It was one of the best experiences. The two days taught us a lot. It was worth coming from

a far city for this workshop and I heartly thank Dr. Sharan Sir and the whole team who

arranged it so well for the students. Thank you!”

--GhataBhayani, V.V.P. Engg College, Rajkot

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