Anti Corruption Survey Presentation 1 Situational Analysis OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower...
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Transcript of Anti Corruption Survey Presentation 1 Situational Analysis OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower...
Anti Corruption Survey Presentation
1
Situational Analysis
OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves
Presented by K’adamawe K’nIfeOSE and YCWJDept of Management Studies UWI, [email protected]
Content
Desk Review – Caribbean SituationCase Analysis – Benchmarking perception of
police performance in Jamaica.Frequencies from Anti Corruption
Questionnaire
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Perception of Corruption
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Percent of Population Victimized by Corruption
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Section I – Jamaican Case
Insights from JCF benchmarking perception of police performance
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Methodology
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Cross TabulationsOLS Regression Analysis (sensitivity
analysis)Perception at National LevelPerception at Community Level
Perception/prevalence of crime in the society
Fear of becoming a victim of crime in the society
Confidence in the policeTrust in the police
OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves
Primary Objective
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To unearth benchmark indicators on the Perception of Police Performance within Jamaica
OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves
Limitations of the Study
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The data analysis is solely on perception of policing
Aspects of the data do not lend itself to regression analysis.
The data has no time component and as such the analysis is static at a point time. Events like the one on Labour Day (Tivoli) could
change people perception of the police and policing.
OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves
Perception – Country level – equation & Results
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COUNTRY LEVEL POLICING
Unstandardized Coefficients
Sig. B Std. Error
CONSTANT .210 .028 .000 INTERACTION_CITIZEN
.403 .018 .000
ABILITY_CONTROL_CRIME
.047 .015 .001
TRUST .094 .021 .000 CONFIDENCE .236 .015 .000 FEAR -.043 .013 .001 PER_CRIME -.035 .017 .034 ACT_VICTIM -.006 .007 .389 ABUSE_RIGHTS -.002 .032 .947
iRIGHTSABUSEVICACT
CRIMEPERCFEARCONFIDENCETRUST
CRIMECONTROLABILITYCITIZENZNINTERACTIOPOLICINGCOUNTRYPERC
__
_
_____
87
6543
20 1
OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves
Perception – Community Level – Equation & Results
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COMMUNITY LEVEL POLICING
Unstandardized Coefficients
Sig. B Std. Error
CONSTANT .354 .036 .000 INTERACTION_CITIZEN
.275 .024 .000
ABILITY_CONTROL_CRIME
.053 .019 .006
TRUST .136 .027 .000 CONFIDENCE .171 .020 .000 FEAR -.060 .017 .000 PER_CRIME .000 .022 .984 ACT_VICTIM -.018 .009 .041 ABUSE_RIGHTS -.021 .042 .620
iRIGHTSABUSEVICACT
CRIMEPERCFEARCONFIDENCETRUST
CRIMECONTROLABILITYCITIZENZNINTERACTIOPOLICINGCOMMUNITYPERC
__
_
_____
87
6543
20 1
OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves
Confidence in Police - Equation
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iTRAINEDPOLICE
FORCESIZEABILITYSERCOMMISSIONCRIMECONTROL
DONMANSHIPCONTROLCALLEMERGENCYCONFIDENCE
_
__'_
__
6
543
210
Variables in this equation treated as dummy variables
These variables are also tested at two levels – 1.There is some amount of confidence & 2.There is a great deal of confidence
OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves
Confidence in the police – equation and results
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CONFIDENCE IN THE POLICE
Unstandardized Coefficients
Sig. B Std. Error CONSTANT .248 .007 .000
EMERGENCY_CALL .013 .009 .116 EMERGENCY_CALL2
.090 .015 .000
CONTROL_DONMANSHIP
.068 .008 .000
CONTROL_DONMANSHIP2
.128 .017 .000
CONTROL_CRIME .070 .010 .000 CONTROL_CRIME2
.095 .019 .000
COMMISSIONER’S_ABILITY
.030 .009 .001
COMMISSIONER’S_ABILITY2
.085 .015 .000
SIZE_FORCE .029 .007 .000 POLICE_TRAINED .042 .007 .000
OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves
Trust in the Police – equation and results
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ik CSDEMOGRAPHIPOLICELOCALTRUSTCRIMEREPORT
STATIONPOLICEINFOPOLICEBRIBEDBRIBEEASEPERCTRUST
___
____
65
43210
TRUST IN THE POLICE
Unstandardized Coefficients
Sig. B Std. Error CONSTANT .604 .009 .000
PERC_EASE_BRIBE
-.282 .013 .000
BRIBED_POLICE -.036 .009 .000 INFO .026 .008 .001 TRUST_LOCAL_POLICE
.000 .000 .500
POLICE_STATION .003 .006 .636 REPORT_CRIME -1.452 .000 .951
OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves
General Conclusion
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It is not about numbers - It is not about force - More about people relating to people – interaction with police – Trust and Confidence
More about support services and non police intervention post police intervention – who replaces the dons – Social Entrepreneurship?
Holistic approach – JCF, MNS, UWI, JBDC, Social Intervention agencies
Who leads depends upon the context – JCF sometimes – meaningful platform required for JCF interventions.
Media is central to the perception of police performance – JCF must have its own propaganda machinery
OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves
Section III - Frequencies from Anti Corruption Questionnaire
•Model•Methodology •limitations•Assumptions•Results•Conclusions
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Conceptual Model
Nc = ∑i1-n Ic + e – (Where Nc is National
Corruption; Ic internal corruption and ‘e’ is the error term).
Therefore National corruption (macro) is assumed to be the summation of internal corruption (micro) with consideration for error which mean is assume to tend towards zero over time
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Policy (P) Action (A)
Internal/Micro (I) IP IA National/Macro (N) NP NA
OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves
Methodology
Questionnaire - to generate frequencies and cross tabulations relating to the model outlined above - 26 responses from 15 countries
National policy (NP) and National action (NA) – implying policy and action to support anti corruption at the national level – here taken to be at the Macro/State operations
Internal policy (IP) and Internal action (IA) – implying policy and action to support anti corruption activities at the Micro/JCF (Division ect)
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limitations
Inconsistency in returning of questionnaires – Just in Time Approach
The critical limitation – gathered from a diverse set of countries each at different stages in their anti corruption efforts. As such the standard deviations will generally tend to be high.
Some questions were not answered resulting in missing data points which might skew the outcomes.
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Assumptions
Where the NP >NA and/or IP > IA = PC (Potential Corruption)
Where NP < NA and/or IP < IA = IS (inadequate legislative support the state and/or internal level respectively)
Where NP > IP = IA (inadequate adaptation)Where NP = NA and IP = IA (where ‘e’ = 0)
this presents the best environment for minimizing corruption – might not be attainable – Desired Future .
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List of countries – responses
AnguillaAntigua and
BarbudaBarbadosBelizeBermudaBritish Virgin IslandsCaymanDominica
GrenadaJamaicaMontserratSt. Kitts and NevisSt. Vincent and the
GrenadinesSurinameTurks and Caicos
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Trinidad and Tobago, Haiti & Guyana – no submission
National Policy and Action - outcomes
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National Policy No Yes Is there a National Law Enforcement Anti-Corruption Policy?
70% 30%
Is there a Conflict of interest policy regarding Police officers acquiring a secondary source of income?
40% 60%
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National Action No Yes Is there a dedicated court to handle corruption cases?
100%
Has there been any prosecution of Law Enforcement Officers for corruption in the last three years?
35% 65%
Is there an effective Witness Protection/Whistle Blower Programme?
77% 23%
Is there an effective internal and external Communication strategy?
58% 42%
Is there a public education campaign regarding police corruption?
54% 27%
Are surveys conducted (publicly and internally) regarding the perceived levels of corruption in the police force?
75% 25%
23OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves
Internal Policy
No Yes
Is there an established Code of Ethics for Enforcement Officers?
35% 65%
Are the annual financial disclosures of staff mandatory?
79% 21%
Internal Policy and Action outcomes
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Internal Action No Yes Is there a Police Oversight Body? 60% 40% Is there an internal mechanism for the disclosure of wrong doing?
36% 64%
Is there an established centralized polygraph unit for the vetting of officers and recruits?
83% 17%
Is there a cleansing Programme to remove corrupt Police officers?
64% 36%
Cross Tabs – Country -NP and NA
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National Policy - While Jamaica has a weak implementation of policies, it has very strong National Policies. Cayman also has very strong National policy with
corresponding strong national and internal actions.Hence from the data submitted Cayman has the
most robust anti corruption dynamic, while Jamaica has be strongest National Policy structure.
National Action – Cayman has very strong National Action, this supports its strong internal action as well
Internal Action - While Antigua Barbuda has strong internal policy however it has week internal action.Additionally Cayman which has weak internal
policy and a strong internal action.Internal Policy across all countries - Jamaica
and Antigua has very strong internal policy.
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Cross Tabs – Country - IP and IA
Results
Descriptive Statistics
N Minimum Maximum MeanStd.
Deviation
National Policy
12 1.00 4.00 2.2500 1.35680
National Action
12 1.00 3.00 1.4167 .66856
Internal policy
14 1.00 4.00 2.0714 1.14114
Internal Action
11 1.00 4.00 1.6364 1.02691
Valid N (listwise)
9
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Note that NP > NA; IP > IA and NP > IP suggesting that there is scope for corruption at both levels
OSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves
Conclusions
Good/Effective Governance is a precondition for strategic planning
A good policy poorly implemented gives the same outcome of a poor policy properly implemented – sub optimal outcome
Where there is asymmetric information – perception outweighs experience/victimisation“Restoration of public safety and confidenceBoosting of the morale and confidence of JCF
members and auxiliariesEffective internal and external
communication (JCF 2010” – CCN’s Role?
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The Way Forward - Region
International best practice in the anti-corruption fight
Establish international, regional and national network anti-corruption intelligence & public education campaign
Establish and strengthen oversight bodies responsible for the detection, prevention, punishment and eradication of corruption
Constant vetting of recruitment and renewal of employment agreement – constant capacity building
Establish Integrity Commission Polygraph testing for all government officialsSpecialized training of public officials and members
of the police forceOSE and YCWJ empowering people to empower themselves29
Questions & Comments
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Implementation - Implementation - Implementation
GiGiveve ThThananksks