Hanoi: Ho Chi Minh: Can Tho: Building B3, University of Transports and Commu- FCC Building, 6th Floor, 45 Dinh Tien Hoang St., Learning Resource Center, Can Tho University -nications, Lang Thuong W., Dong Da Dist., Hanoi Ben Nghe W., Dist.1, HCMC Campus 2, 3/2 Ninh Kieu Dist., Can Tho City Tel: (84) 4 3766 9493, Fax: (84) 3766 9492 Tel: (84) 3910 7423, Fax: (84) 3910 7422 Tel: (84) 710 381 5523, Fax: (84) 710 381 7860 www.aitcv.ac.vn

ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION IN VIETNAM

Contact persons: Dr. Ngo Tho Hung Head of Environment and Development Section (EDS) Asian Institute of Technology Center in Vietnam (AITVN) B3 Building, University of Transport and Communications, Lang Thuong, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam Tel: +84 4 3766 9493 Ext: 114 Fax: +84 4 3766 9492 Mobile: +84 913 58 68 86 Email: ngothohung@gmail.com; hung@aitcv.ac.vn

Website: www.aitcv.ac.vn

1. ROLES OF THE EMISSION INVENTORY

2. KEY SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION IN VIETNAM

3. EMISSION CATEGORIES & DISTRIBUTION (SAMPLE IN HANOI)

4. MONITORING & MODEL RESULTS BY OML MOD IN HANOI

1. Traffic sources 2.Industrial sources 3.Domestic sources

5. VIETNAMESE EMISSION MODELING FOR 2008 & 2015 SCENARIO

Province Pollution Sources Hanoi Transport, construction, textile industry, glass factories Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) Transport, construction, thermo-electric power, iron & steel

processing Da Nang City Iron and steel processing, transport Hai Phong City Cement factories, glass factories, transport Can Tho City Transport, construction Da Lat Transport Vinh City Cement factories, paper mills Bien Hoa Transport Thai Nguyen Province Mining activities, steel production, thermo-electric power Quang Ninh Province Mining activities Ha Nam Province (Kien Khe Village)

Quarrying, cement production plants

Ref: Support for Development of National Plan for Air Pollution Control 2015 in Vietnam, Suuri-Keikaku Co. Ltd by JICA, 2010

TOP DOWN MEETS BOTTOM UP

6. FUTHER STUDIES

Experimental study on the emission factors reflecting the Vietnamese conditions:

1. Industry emissions can be estimated based on production amount reported by industries.

2. Estimation of the emissions per capital based on each residential area TOP DOWN and BOTTOM UP Integrated Modeling and Measurement for better Emission Inventory; GIS base emission data Modeling human exposure and estimation of the heath impacts of air pollution Studies on the institutional aspects of air quality

1. The city center is highly polluted by NO2 and SO2

2. NO2 emission closely related to the spatial distribution of traffic

3. SO2 emissions are from domestic cooking sources and correlates to the spatial distribution of residential areas

4. Areas related to industries is the most pollution zones

Ref: Support for Development of National Plan for Air Pollution Control 2015 in Vietnam, Suuri-Keikaku Co. Ltd by JICA, 2010

Ref: Ngo Tho Hung, 2010: Urban air quality modelling and management in Hanoi, Vietnam. PhD; Thesis, Aarhus University, National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark. 211 pp