Annual Natural Gas Questionnaire Overview
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Transcript of Annual Natural Gas Questionnaire Overview
© OECD/IEA 2013
Annual Natural Gas Questionnaire OverviewEnergy Statistics TrainingParis, 4-8 March, 2013
Ana-Luísa São-Marcos, HP ChungAnnual Gas Statistics
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Natural Gas StatisticsPlan of the presentation
Background to Natural Gas StatisticsDefinitions; Global trends in Natural gas; Production, supply
and consumption
Structure of the QuestionnaireStructure and presentation; basic concepts, overview of the
tables, relations within the questionnaire
Data treatmentSubmission; verification; specific problems
Access Natural Gas information/data
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comprises gases occurring in underground deposits, whether liquefied or gaseous, consisting mainly of methane. It includes:
Natural Gas StatisticsBasics
Natural Gas
• Associated gas – found in association with crude oil
• Non-associated gas – originating from fields producing hydrocarbons only in gaseous form
• Shale gas is included
• Colliery gas – methane removed from coal mines and coal seams
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Natural GasGaseous gas Liquefied gas
Same methane (CH4) content
Volume of natural gas varies with temperature and pressure
Cooled at -160 degrees Celsiusand 1 atm
Different physical state
At the IEA measured at 15 degrees Celsiusand 1 atm
Liquefied gas shrinks more than 600 times in volume
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* Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc
World total primary energy supply (1971-2010)Mtoe
GAS
16% 21%
977 Mtoe
2721Mtoe
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1226 bcm
3388 bcm
1971 2011
Natural gas production from 1971 to 2011billion cubic metres (bcm)
2.7 x
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Natural gas production from 1971 to 2011 by regionbillion cubic metres
* Asia excludes China
1226 bcm 3388 bcm
71%36%
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• Collecting
• Processing
• Disseminating
1 product = Natural Gas
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Natural Gas - Production
Marketed Production
Vented
Gas Flared or reinjected
Removal of Liquids in Natural Gas
Processing Plants
Removal of Sulphur and Impurities
Extraction of Crude Oil and Associated Gas
Extraction of Non-Associated Gas
Other Separation (offshore wells)
Wellhead Separation
(onshore wells)
NGL
Crude Oil
Annual Oil Questionnaire
Associated Gas
Non-Associated
Gas
Colliery GasCoal Mines
Annual Gas Questionnaire
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Natural Gas - Supply and Consumption
Marketed Production
Imports
Exports Stock Build
Inland Consumption
Transport
Transformation
IndustryResidentialCommercialAgriculture
Stock Draw
Distribution Losses
Energy
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Questionnaire structureGas balance
ProductionImportsExportsStock Change
Statistical DifferenceTransformation
…Energy Sector
…Final Consumption
Transport…
Industry…
Other Sectors …
DemandInland Consumption
(Observed)
SupplyInland Consumption (Calculated)
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Questionnaire structureGas balance
ProductionImportsExports…
Statistical DifferenceTransformation
…Energy Sector
…Final Consumption
Transport…
Industry…
Other Sectors…
Table 3Table 4Table 1
Table 2b
Table 2a
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Table 2b
Inland consumption
Table 1 Table 2a Tables 3 & 4
Supply
Total final consumption
Exports/Imports
Table 5
Gas storage capacity
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Table 2b
Inland consumption
Table 1 Table 2a Tables 3 &4
Supply
Total final consumption
Exports/Imports
Table 5
Gas storage capacity
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Supply of Natural Gas, Table 1
Million m3 (at 15°C, 760 mm Hg)
TJ(Gross Calor.
Value)
Average GCV (kJ/m3)
Average NCV (kJ/m3)
A B C DIndigenous Production 1 0
Associated Gas 2 0
Non-Associated Gas 3 0
Colliery Gas 4 0
From Other Sources 5 0
Total Imports (Balance) 6 0
Total Exports (Balance) 7 0
International Marine Bunkers 8 0
Stock Changes (National Territory) 9 0
Inland Consumption (Calculated) 10 0 0 0 0
Statistical Differences 11 0 0
Inland Consumption (Observed) 12 0
Recoverable Gas
Opening Stock Level (National Territory) 13 0
Closing Stock Level (National Territory) 14 0
Memo:Gas Vented 15
Gas Flared 16
Memo: Cushion GasCushion Gas Closing Stock Level 17
Memo: From other sourcesFrom Other Sources - Oil 18 0From Other Sources - Coal 19 0From Other Sources - Renewables 20 0
Year & Country
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Supply – Table 1
Indigenous Production• dry marketable production (after purification and extraction of
NGL and sulphur)• Exclude gas vented and flared, losses, reinjected quantities
Imports and Exports• are considered imported or exported when having crossed the
physical boundary of a country• Exclude transit and re-exports
Stock changes and levels• stock levels of recoverable gas, i.e. excluding cushion gas• change of stock is opening - closing stock level of recoverable
gas
Natural Gas QuestionnaireDefinitions and Basic Concepts
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Units: Natural gas data are collected inVolume : million m3 - under Standard Conditions (15
degrees Celcius and 760 mm Hg)Energy unit : TJ - Gross Calorific Value
Conversionspecific kJ/m3 calorific value
• Indigenous Production• Imports• Exports• Inland Consumption (calc)• Inland Consumption (obs)
Natural Gas QuestionnaireDefinitions and Basic Concepts
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Table 2b
Inland consumption
Table 1 Table 2a Tables 3 &4
Supply
Total final consumption
Exports/Imports
Table 5
Gas storage capacity
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Inland Consumption, Table 2a
Unit: TJ (GCV)
Consumption
AInland Demand (Total Consumption) 1
Transformation Sector 2
Main Activity Producer Electricity Plants 3
Autoproducer Electricity Plants 4
Main Activity Producer CHP Plants 5
Autoproducer CHP Plants 6
Main Activity Producer Heat Plants 7
Autoproducer Heat Plants 8
Gas Works (Transformation) 9
Coke Ovens (Transformation) 10
Blast Furnaces (Transformation) 11
Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) Plants (Transformation) 12
Non-specified (Transformation) 13
Energy Sector 14
Coal Mines 15
Oil and Gas Extraction 16
Petroleum Refineries 17
Coke Ovens (Energy) 18
Blast Furnaces (Energy) 19
Gas Works (Energy) 20
Own Use in Electricity, CHP and Heat Plants 21
Liquefaction (LNG) / Regasification Plants 22
Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) Plants (Energy) 23
Non-specified (Energy) 24
Distribution Losses 25
Total Final Consumption 26
Only TJ, conversion in m3 is done at the IEA using Calorific value from Table 1 – Inland consumption obs.
Transformation sector
Energy sector
Inland Demand (Total Consumption)
Distribution losses
Total final consumption
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Inland Consumption - Table 2a
Transformation Sector• Natural Gas used for producing another type of energy
(electricity, heat) which is then used for final consumption
Example: Electrical power company (Main electricity producer)
Energy Sector• Natural Gas consumed by Energy Industry to support
extraction or transformation activity.Example: Liquefaction plants, Petroleum refineries
Distribution Losses (losses due to transport & distribution)
Total Final Consumption (end-use sectors)
Natural Gas QuestionnaireDefinitions and Basic Concepts
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Table 2b
Inland consumption
Table 1 Table 2a Tables 3 &4
Supply
Total final consumption
Exports/Imports
Table 5
Gas storage capacity
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Sector\Plant Electricity plant CHP plant Heat plantTransformation
Main activity producer
All production and all fuel used
All electricity and heat produced and all fuel used
All heat produced and all fuel used
Autoproducer All electricity produced and only heat sold with corresponding fuel used
Only heat sold and corresponding fuel used
Industry Natural gas consumed in heat and CHP plants for the production of heat used by the plant itself.
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Inland Consumption, Table 2b Unit: TJ (GCV)
Energy Use Non-Energy Use
A B
Total Final Consumption 1
Transport Sector 2
Road 3 of which Biogas 4
Pipeline Transport 5 Non-specified (Transport) 6
Industry Sector 7
Iron and Steel 8 Chemical (including Petrochemical) 9 Non-Ferrous Metals 10 Non-Metallic Minerals 11 Transport Equipment 12 Machinery 13 Mining and Quarrying 14 Food, Beverages and Tobacco 15 Paper, Pulp and Printing 16 Wood and Wood Products 17 Construction 18 Textiles and Leather 19 Non-specified (Industry) 20
Other Sectors 21
Commercial and Public Services 22 Residential 23 Agriculture/Forestry 24 Fishing 25 Non-specified (Other) 26
Energy Use Total Final Consumption
Non-energy Use
Transport sector
Industry sector
Other sectors
TJ(GCV)
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Final Consumption - Table 2b (= delivered to final consumers)
Different Use• Energy Use
Report Natural Gas used as fuel (E.g. Compressed natural gas for use in road vehicles, natural gas used in households for heating purposes)
• Non-Energy UseReport Natural Gas used as a raw material for
producing other products (Petrochemical Industry) E.g. Natural gas used as feedstock to make hydrogen
3 Sectors• Industry Sector (steel plants, cement plants, …)• Transport Sector (CNG in fuel stations, …)• Other Sectors (Households, hospitals, offices, …)
Natural Gas QuestionnaireDefinitions and Basic Concepts
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Table 2b
Inland consumption
Table 1 Table 2a Tables 3 & 4
Supply
Total final consumption
Exports/Imports
Table 5
Gas storage capacity
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Imports/Exports, Tables 3 and 4
Million m3 TJ (GCV)
COUNTRY OFDESTINATION
Total Exports of which: LNG Total Exports of which: LNG
A B C D
Australia 1
Austria 2
Belarus 3
….
Pipeline+LNG
=
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Imports / Exports - Tables 3,4
Requested Data• 2 Units: Million m3 and TJ• Total imports and LNG => pipeline is derived
Geographical Breakdown• 70 import origins• 65 export destinations
Trade• Importance of the ultimate origin or destination• Transit trade and re-exports are not to be included
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Country A
Country B
A special case in trade reporting
Imports LNG
Regasification process (value added activity)
Exports Gaseous gas
This is not transit and should be reported in both Imports and Exports tables
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Table 2b
Inland consumption
Table 1 Table 2a Tables 3 &4
Supply
Total final consumption
Exports/Imports
Table 5
Gas storage capacity
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Gas storage capacity, Table 5
Name TypeWorkingCapacity
(mcm)
PeakOutput
(mcm/day)
TOTAL
Gas security – important energy policy issue in gas consuming countries
In case of supply disruption it is crucial to know the available storage facilities in one region.
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Gas Storage Capacity – Table 5
Location of the storage
Type of storage• Depleted oil and gas fields• Aquifers• Salt Cavities• for LNG if it is above, in or below ground and # tanks
Technical Characteristics• Working Capacity = total gas storage capacity minus
cushion gas • Peak Output = maximum rate at which gas can be
withdrawn from storage
Natural Gas QuestionnaireDefinitions and Basic Concepts
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Table 3Imports by Origin
Table 3Imports by Origin
Table 4Exports by Destination
Table 4Exports by Destination
Table 2Inland Consumption
= Transformation + Energy + Distribution Losses + Total Final Consumption
Table 2Inland Consumption
= Transformation + Energy + Distribution Losses + Total Final Consumption
Table 1Supply
Table 1Supply
Imports = Total Imports
Exports = Total Exports
Inland Consumption (observed)
= Inland Consumption
Table 2a
Net Inland Consumption by Sector
Table 2aInland
Consumption by Sector
Table 2bTotal Final Consumption by sector
Energy- use Non - energy use
Table 2bTotal Final Consumption by sector
Energy-use Non-energy use
Electricity and Heat
questionnaireTable 6a - 6c
Electricity and Heat
questionnaireTable 6a - 6c
Inputs to Gross Electricity and Heat Production
Oil questionnaire
Table 1
Oil questionnaire
Table 1
LPG
Coal questionnaire
Table 1
Coal questionnaire
Table 1
Renewablesquestionnaire
Table 1
Renewablesquestionnaire
Table 1Biogases
Manufacturedgases
Natural Gas QuestionnaireRelations between the tables
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OECD … World …
What happens when data arrive at IEA?
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What happens when data arrive at IEA? Questionnaire in excel format received via E-mail on
Generic Account Or data can be uploaded or entered into a web-based
version of the questionnaire (EDC) Data are loaded in the IEA databases Data are checked
• Arithmetically• Internal consistency• Inter-fuel comparison• Time Series Check• Comparisons of monthly and annual data• Comparisons with national publications
Natural Gas QuestionnaireData treatment
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Tradeincreasing difficulties with liberalised markettransit trade is often reported as import / exportspot purchases exchange contracts
Unitsmeasurement in million cubic metres under Standard
conditions - often reported under Normal conditions data in TJ often reported as Net rather than Gross
Some specific problems regarding gas reporting
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Natural Gas Information (hard copy, pdf)
CD-ROM
On-line Data Service• Pay-Per-View• Data download
Derived publications/analysis:• Energy Statistics of OECD Countries• Energy Balances of OECD Countries• CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion
Accessing Natural Gas information
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Natural Gas Questionnaire
Exercise Preparation Key Points Units of Measurement Calorific Values Weighted Average Production Trade: Imports and Exports Electricity and Heat Generation
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Natural Gas Questionnaire
Energy- Terajoule (TJ) Physical- Volume: 106 cubic meters (Mm3) Volume varies with temperature and pressure
Normal Condition0 ⁰C (273.15 K), 760 mm Hg (1 atm)
Conversion Factors
Units of Measurement
Standard Condition15 ⁰C (288.15 K), 760 mm Hg (1
atm)
1 m30.948 m3x 0.948
x 1.055
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Natural Gas Questionnaire
Energy- Terajoule (TJ) Physical- Volume: 106 cubic meters (Mm3) Volume varies with temperature and pressure
Normal Condition0 ⁰C (273.15 K), 760 mm Hg (1 atm)
Conversion Factors
Units of Measurement
Standard Condition15 ⁰C (288.15 K), 760 mm Hg (1
atm)
1 m30.948 m3x 0.948
x 1.055
Same energy content
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Natural Gas Questionnaire
Units of MeasurementIn the questionnaire, data must be reported: For volume: Mm3 in the standard condition For energy: TJ on the basis of Gross Calorific Value
(GCV)
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Natural Gas Questionnaire
Calorific ValuesThe calorific value is heat value obtained from one volume unit of gas (e.g. TJ/Mm3)Gross Calorific Value (GCV) includes all the heat released by the fuelNet Calorific Value (NCV) excludes the latent heat of vaporizationThe difference between NCV and GCV is typically about 10% for natural gas.
For natural gas: NCV ≈ 0.9 GCV
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Natural Gas Questionnaire
Calorific ValuesCalorific values of gas may differ for different flows such as:
Production from different fields or same field but different reservoirsImports from different countries
Calorific values change over time (e.g. imports from different countries)Use a weighted average that takes into account the proportional magnitude of each component rather than treating the components equally
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Natural Gas Questionnaire
Weighted Average Calorific ValueDefinition:
where: CV = Calorific Value (e.g. kJ/kg) Quantity = Physical Quantity (e.g. kg)
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Natural Gas Questionnaire
Weighted Average Calorific ValueExample:Country AFields Production Calorific Value EnergySite 1 10 Mm3 30 TJ/Mm3 300 TJSite 2 20 Mm3 35 TJ/Mm3 700 TJTotal 30 Mm3 ? 1 000 TJ
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Example:Country A
Natural Gas Questionnaire
Weighted Average Calorific Value
Fields Production Calorific Value EnergySite 1 10 Mm3 30 TJ/Mm3 300 TJSite 2 20 Mm3 35 TJ/Mm3 700 TJTotal 30 Mm3 33.3 TJ/Mm3 1 000 TJ
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Natural Gas QuestionnaireProduction Flow
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Natural Gas QuestionnaireProduction Flow
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Natural Gas QuestionnaireProduction Flow
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Natural Gas QuestionnaireProduction Flow
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Natural Gas Questionnaire
Trade: Imports and ExportsImports: ultimate origin of gas (country of production)Exports: ultimate destination (country of consumption)Transit and Re-exports not include in trade balances
Example:Russia exports 200 m3 of natural gas. The pipeline goes through Ukraine before reaching Poland. Ukraine consumes 100 m3 and the rest goes to Poland. Then, Poland consumes 50 m3 of the natural gas and exports 50 m3 to Czech Republic
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Natural Gas Questionnaire
200 m3
Russian Federation
Ukraine 100 m3
Consumed
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Natural Gas Questionnaire
200 m3
Russian Federation
Poland50 m3
Consumed 100 m3Ukraine 100 m3
Consumed
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Natural Gas Questionnaire
200 m3
Russian Federation
Poland50 m3
Consumed 100 m3Ukraine 100 m3
Consumed50 m3
Czech Rep.50 m3
Consumed
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Natural Gas Questionnaire
Trade: Imports and ExportsExample:Russian Federation
Ukraine imports 100 m3 from Russian FederationPoland imports 50 m3 from Russian FederationCzech Rep. imports 50 m3 from Russian Federation
Country ExportsCzech Rep. 50 m3
Poland 50 m3
Ukraine 100 m3
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Natural Gas Questionnaire
Electricity and Heat GenerationGeneration plants are classified by output:
Electricity-only plantsCHP (Combined Heat and Power) plantsHeat-only plants
Generation plants are also classified by function:Main Activity Producers (ex. Nuclear power plant)Autoproducers (ex. Steel mill producing electricity)
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Natural Gas Questionnaire
Exercise Preparation Key Points Units of Measurement Calorific Values Weighted Average Production Trade: Imports and Exports Electricity and Heat Generation