Annual Instrument Updates The Support Astronomers W. M. Keck Observatory 2011 February 9 photo B. Schaefer 2 LRIS Marc Kassis LRIS Red III team: Connie Rockosi, Chris Lockwood, Mike Peck, David Cowley, Bob Kibrick, Richard Stover 33 Commissioned LRIS Red III Retains all advantages of the first upgrade Recovered full FOV for multi-slit and imaging programs Installation was seamless to observers and the schedule Red Polarimetry mode available again VRI false color image of Stephans Quintet 44 Performance M67 open cluster photometric measurements Instrument throughput with 831 line grating Release Notes Available on the web Release Notes FilterN-starsZP-mean1-sigma I V 5 Throughput Time Evolution 5 6 Cosmetics Sensitivity is more uniform than original CCDs Defect map Hot pixels & Traps (yellow) Glue voids Column channel failures (red) 77 Minor Disadvantages Slightly higher RN Readout time 2 min. vs 1.5 min. L-RedVid 1Vid 2Vid 3Vid 4 I II III Red Side Gap 30 (+3) Linear to ~38,000 ADU Long slit on Vid 4 Minor Upgrades and Problems Blue shutter failed and repaired Blue side compass rose shows correct PA Found and repaired flexure in MAGIQ offset guider folding mirror mount that contributed to 1 drift over a full rotation. Released Arc and Flat Calibration Tool similar to DEIMOS. On-demand IQM focusing in regular use. 99 Slitmask Alignment Tool Replaces IRAF/xbox DEIMOS style guider coarse alignment More efficient mask alignments Tasks Slitmask design software upgrades Disable pickoff mirrors Depiction of LRIS Red and Blue gaps Long term monitoring of CTE Manual methods Eventually an IPM task LRIS Red optimization Improve linearity Work with Lick when LRIS is off sky Adjust alignment of dichroics (blue) and gratings (red) MAGIQ continuous focus mode NIRSPEC Jim Lyke 12 NIRSPEC Mixed year for NIRSPEC Thermal NIRSPAO Guiding drift Upcoming dewar service Cold head replacement Warm pumping to remove ice Changes to fix drift? Mixed year for NIRSPEC Thermal NIRSPAO Guiding drift Upcoming dewar service Cold head replacement Warm pumping to remove ice Changes to fix drift? 13 Thermal NIRSPAO Multiple reads Lower readnoise Higher contrast Stable PSF Multiple reads Lower readnoise Higher contrast Stable PSF Lower throughput Smaller pixels Fringing 14 NIRSPAO Point source sensitivity M-band: ~1.5x higher than NIRSPEC L-band: ~1.8x lower than NIRSPEC Lifting the campaign mode restriction Thanks to G. Blake and team for analysis Point source sensitivity M-band: ~1.5x higher than NIRSPEC L-band: ~1.8x lower than NIRSPEC Lifting the campaign mode restriction Thanks to G. Blake and team for analysis 15 NIRSPEC Drift Drift of order 1.5/hr PA mode, annular guider Direction change with PA Same source, same night 30 PA=3 22 PA=93 Top: Y elongation Bottom: X elongation 4-5 pixels in 30 minutes 0.70.9 arcseconds Larger than historic guiding/nodding issues Wait4center Slitnod widget Drift of order 1.5/hr PA mode, annular guider Direction change with PA Same source, same night 30 PA=3 22 PA=93 Top: Y elongation Bottom: X elongation 4-5 pixels in 30 minutes 0.70.9 arcseconds Larger than historic guiding/nodding issues Wait4center Slitnod widget 16 Drift Investigation High Observatory priority Tiger Team formed to investigate Tested and cleared: Telescope Az/El drives Guiding centroiding Gross pointing model Tested and likely cleared: Pointing origins Rotator alignment to slit Field rotation on annular guider Still possible issues: Rotator mechanism: slippage? flexure? Rotational alignment of annular guider May affect large offsets High Observatory priority Tiger Team formed to investigate Tested and cleared: Telescope Az/El drives Guiding centroiding Gross pointing model Tested and likely cleared: Pointing origins Rotator alignment to slit Field rotation on annular guider Still possible issues: Rotator mechanism: slippage? flexure? Rotational alignment of annular guider May affect large offsets 17 Data Gathering Tools by S. Kwok 18 NIRSPEC Service Planned 11B service mission Replace cold heads (preventative) Warm pumping to remove ice Last replaced in 2005 after 67 years, and evidence of degradation in performance. Cold heads run flat out, no margin if performance declines Planned 11B service mission Replace cold heads (preventative) Warm pumping to remove ice Last replaced in 2005 after 67 years, and evidence of degradation in performance. Cold heads run flat out, no margin if performance declines OSIRIS Jim Lyke 20 OSIRIS DRP v2.3 released; fewer bad spaxels. OSIRIS is fully calibrated Re-cal needed after K1 move Deployed a faster DRP machine Grating upgrade waiting on results of ATI grant DRP v2.3 released; fewer bad spaxels. OSIRIS is fully calibrated Re-cal needed after K1 move Deployed a faster DRP machine Grating upgrade waiting on results of ATI grant NIRC2 Hien Tran 22 Time Lost to Faults (A good year for NIRC2) ~1 hour time lost in 77 nights < 0.2% of total time ~1 hour time lost in 77 nights < 0.2% of total time 23 Service Mission All filters, including L and Y, in hand Wollaston Prism not yet available; awaiting results of ATI proposal Scheduled for 2011B to install the filters only No polarimeter upgrade ~ 5-week downtime in SepOct Factor in Galactic Center season, OSIRIS K1 move, MOSFIRE commissioning All filters, including L and Y, in hand Wollaston Prism not yet available; awaiting results of ATI proposal Scheduled for 2011B to install the filters only No polarimeter upgrade ~ 5-week downtime in SepOct Factor in Galactic Center season, OSIRIS K1 move, MOSFIRE commissioning 24 Efficiency Improvement NIRC2 data acquisition scripts modified Reduce delays due to status checks Telescope move parallel with data writing to disk Example: 25 sec saved for a bxy3 pattern 1545 min per night (5%15% science time) Side effects: server crash ~ 12 times per night Recovery takes ~5 min Investigation ongoing Scripts released to simplify recovery and reversion New scripts released on a shared-risk basis Documentation/trouble-shooting page updated, SAs trained quicklook modified to handle faster image outputs NIRC2 data acquisition scripts modified Reduce delays due to status checks Telescope move parallel with data writing to disk Example: 25 sec saved for a bxy3 pattern 1545 min per night (5%15% science time) Side effects: server crash ~ 12 times per night Recovery takes ~5 min Investigation ongoing Scripts released to simplify recovery and reversion New scripts released on a shared-risk basis Documentation/trouble-shooting page updated, SAs trained quicklook modified to handle faster image outputs HIRES Scott Dahm 26 Current HIRES Demand HIRES use statistics: 2010 158 nights (144 HIRESr / 14 HIRESb) 126 nights (81%) exoplanet searches 2011 (Jan - Jul) 102 nights (88 HIRESr / 14 HIRESb) 60 nights (59%) exoplanet searches HIRES use statistics: 2010 158 nights (144 HIRESr / 14 HIRESb) 126 nights (81%) exoplanet searches 2011 (Jan - Jul) 102 nights (88 HIRESr / 14 HIRESb) 60 nights (59%) exoplanet searches 27 HIRES Update JUL 2010: CCD Controller #1 could not pass diagnostics following power outage on the summit. Restored after reseating all boards and cables. SEP 2010: Successful test of the PSF Scrambler prototype designed and constructed by D. Fischer (Yale) and J. Spronck (Yale). 28 HIRES Future Plans Server upgrade April 2011 MAGIQ slit-viewing guide camera upgrade late summer 2011 New scrambler prototype Server upgrade April 2011 MAGIQ slit-viewing guide camera upgrade late summer 2011 New scrambler prototype ESI Greg Wirth 30 ESI Current Status ESI systems working well overall All mechanical stages fine Integral Field Unit is performing well and being used ESI systems working well overall All mechanical stages fine Integral Field Unit is performing well and being used SemesterNights 2008B5 2009A4 2009B3 (+1 eng) 2010A7 2010B A8 ESI Usage DEIMOS Greg Wirth 32 DEIMOS Current Status DEIMOS continues to perform well overall No significant operational problems Effort planned with UCO/Lick on upgrading computers and FCS (flexure compensation system) software DEIMOS continues to perform well overall No significant operational problems Effort planned with UCO/Lick on upgrading computers and FCS (flexure compensation system) software 33 Throughput Comparison LRIS >2x as efficient as DEIMOS at 1 LRIS vs. DEIMOS Throughput G191B2B observed with 830 l/mm gratings Interferometer Sam Ragland 35 1.Introduction 2.Science highlights 3.Whats new? 4.ASTRA status 5.KI performance summary Presentation sequence 36 1. Introduction K1 in K2 in Long delay lines Fast delay lines Switchyard Beam combiners Keck Interferometer provides milli- arcsecond angular resolution through fringe contrast measurements. 8 science runs in 2010, 16.5 science nights/telescope. Continue to demonstrate good reliability of the instrument (~ 90% uptime). NSF-funded ASTRA project delivering new capabilities. 37 9 refereed publications since start of 2010 Active Galactic Nuclei The Innermost Dusty Structure in AGN as Probed by the Keck Interferometer (Kishimoto, M., et al., 2010, arXiv: ) Luminosity-variation Independent Location of the Circum-nuclear, Hot Dust in NGC 4151 (Pott, J.-U., et al, 2010, ApJ, 715, 736) Debris disks The Structure of the Leonis Debris Disk (Stock, N. D., et al., 2010, ApJ, 724, 1238) Young Stellar Objects Milli-arcsec images of the Herbig Ae star HS (Renard, S., et. al., 2010, A&A, 519, 26) Spatially and Spectrally Resolved Hydrogen Gas within 0.1 AU of T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be Stars (Eisner, J. et. al., 2010, ApJ, 718, 774) Ruling out Stellar Companions and Resolving the Innermost Regions of Transitional Disks with the Keck Interferometer (Pott, J.-U., et al. 2010, ApJ, 710, 265) Radial Structure in the TW Hya Circumstellar Disk (Akeson, R. L. et al., 2011, ApJ, 728, 96) Be stars Probing local density inhomogeneities in the circumstellar disk of a Be star using the new spectro-astrometry mode at the Keck interferometer (Pott, J.-U., et al, 2010, ApJ, 721, 802) Spectro-interferometry of the Be Star Sco: Near-Infrared Continuum and Gas Emission Region Sizes in 2007 (Millan-Gabet, R., 2010, ApJ, 723, 544) 9 refereed publications since start of 2010 Active Galactic Nuclei The Innermost Dusty Structure in AGN as Probed by the Keck Interferometer (Kishimoto, M., et al., 2010, arXiv: ) Luminosity-variation Independent Location of the Circum-nuclear, Hot Dust in NGC 4151 (Pott, J.-U., et al, 2010, ApJ, 715, 736) Debris disks The Structure of the Leonis Debris Disk (Stock, N. D., et al., 2010, ApJ, 724, 1238) Young Stellar Objects Milli-arcsec images of the Herbig Ae star HS (Renard, S., et. al., 2010, A&A, 519, 26) Spatially and Spectrally Resolved Hydrogen Gas within 0.1 AU of T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be Stars (Eisner, J. et. al., 2010, ApJ, 718, 774) Ruling out Stellar Companions and Resolving the Innermost Regions of Transitional Disks with the Keck Interferometer (Pott, J.-U., et al. 2010, ApJ, 710, 265) Radial Structure in the TW Hya Circumstellar Disk (Akeson, R. L. et al., 2011, ApJ, 728, 96) Be stars Probing local density inhomogeneities in the circumstellar disk of a Be star using the new spectro-astrometry mode at the Keck interferometer (Pott, J.-U., et al, 2010, ApJ, 721, 802) Spectro-interferometry of the Be Star Sco: Near-Infrared Continuum and Gas Emission Region Sizes in 2007 (Millan-Gabet, R., 2010, ApJ, 723, 544) 2. Science Highlights 38 3. Whats new? Some progress towards the transition of L-band science mode from development to operations. Implemented an improved background subtraction scheme for the L-band instrument. Validated H/L simultaneous observing mode that uses split pupils and used for science. Improved the performance of the ASTRA Self-phase referencing (SPR) mode. Improved sensitivity limits of SPR mode for semester 2011B. Spectral resolution of ~ 1700 in K-band for K < 8 ASTRA Dual-field Phase Referencing (DFPR) mode offered for shared-risk science in 2011B In the process of transitioning this mode from development to operation. Some progress towards the transition of L-band science mode from development to operations. Implemented an improved background subtraction scheme for the L-band instrument. Validated H/L simultaneous observing mode that uses split pupils and used for science. Improved the performance of the ASTRA Self-phase referencing (SPR) mode. Improved sensitivity limits of SPR mode for semester 2011B. Spectral resolution of ~ 1700 in K-band for K < 8 ASTRA Dual-field Phase Referencing (DFPR) mode offered for shared-risk science in 2011B In the process of transitioning this mode from development to operation. 39 4. ASTRA Status (NSF-Funded) Dual-field phase referencing demonstration! On UT 22 Jan 2011, fringes measured on a bright reference star were used to stabilize the optical path against atmospheric seeing, enabling observations of a fainter science object which would otherwise be invisible to the interferometer. For this first on-sky demonstration, measurements were made on the faint, K=11.45, star (Sensitivity limit of standard V 2 mode is K=10.3), while locked on a K=7 reference star 10 arcsec away. We anticipate being able to reach K=14, with a K=9 guide star, up to 30 arcsec away. A K=14 demonstration, planned for March 2011, will make KI the most sensitive ground based interferometer by over 6 magnitudes. ASTRA is an NSF-funded upgrade to KI to provide phase referencing and astrometry capabilities, increasing the science capabilities of the instrument in the areas of Young Stellar Objects (YSOs), exoplanets, Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), and Galactic Center (GC) studies. 40 Astrometry Dual field phase referencing is a requirement for astrometry. All astrometric subsystems installed on summit. Daytime integration starts mid-February. Night-time commissioning starts mid-May. ASTRA should be ready to start exoplanet and Galactic Center programs in The current funding for KI operations would take us only to semester 12A and part of 12B. 4. ASTRA Status (NSF-Funded) 41 5. KI performance summary KI CapabilitiesCurrent performance 1Nulling modeN-band flux > 1.7 Jy 2V 2 - K5 ; R~27K < V 2 - K10 ; R~54K < 9.5 4V 2 - K42; R~230K < 7.6 5V 2 -SPR; R~1700K < 8 6V 2 - H4; R~22H < 9 7V 2 - L10; R~63L < 6 8V 2 - K/LK < 8.7 & L < 4.8 9V 2 - H/LH < 8.0 & L < V 2 -DFPRK < 14 for 3-25 field; guide star of R < 14, H < 13 & K < 8 Modes offered for shared-risk science are highlighted in red KI is the most sensitive IR interferometer with unique operational capabilities Improved by over 3 mags since 2004 Same mode at VLTI is K 1.7 Jy Adaptive optics and Angle tracking limits AO sensitivity: R < 12 KAT sensitivity: J/H < 10.5 (H < 9 for SPR & H < 14 for DFPR) KI is the most sensitive NIR interferometer by over 2 (operational modes) to 4 (shared-risk modes) magnitudes 43 AO Operations Randy Campbell 44 AO Ops Highlights MLOG, First-on-target progress Kramer (NSF) report on U.S. Strategic Command coordination Kramer (NSF) report Efficiency improvements Laser pointing improvements EPICS upgrade Aircraft detection: TBAD, ASCAM 45 TBAD Installed on the Keck Roof Tom Murphy Bill Coles UCSDTBAD 46 6 Year LGSAO Averages 47 Trends 48 Trends, Faults Only Hours Per Night 49 Science Efficiency Hours Per Night 50 Weather loss by month Priorities K1LGS Science operations Efficiency Improvements Personnel issues Train new Laser Tech, and replace Laser Engineer Critical for 2 lasers AO Support Astronomer Misc problem solving, minor improvements (punch list) SC Reboot, loops slow to close, UTT CLMP, focus jumps, etc. K2 laser dye replacement TBAD (and ASCAM?) MLOG Keck Observatory Archive Hien Tran 53 KOA Status NIRSPEC data released (May 2010) Dedicated user interface for PIs released (right) Listing of all available data in the archive One-click download of each nights data Interface for selecting officials (SOs) released NIRC2 feasibility study completed NIRC2 MOU signed New user survey completed Over 5 TB download Eight refereed papers 54 KOA Future Plans NIRC2 data release (spring 2012; includes level 1 for imaging) Extracted spectra for NIRSPEC data Interactive return page that allows sorting and paging of query results New weather data CFHT skyprobe UH All-sky cam MASS/DIMM Split-night GUI; also for ToO programs. NIRC2 data release (spring 2012; includes level 1 for imaging) Extracted spectra for NIRSPEC data Interactive return page that allows sorting and paging of query results New weather data CFHT skyprobe UH All-sky cam MASS/DIMM Split-night GUI; also for ToO programs. Mainland Observing Greg Wirth 56 Mainland Observing Status Usage continues to be strong Yale added as first east-coast site Switch to full-time VNC operation Usage continues to be strong Yale added as first east-coast site Switch to full-time VNC operation 57 Process Improvements Web form for improved handling of mainland observing requests Advisory committee held BOF session in conjunction with 2010 KSM; suggestions are being adopted Web form for improved handling of mainland observing requests Advisory committee held BOF session in conjunction with 2010 KSM; suggestions are being adopted Management Bob Goodrich 59 Personnel Changes Grant Hill, transition to Summit Lead Al Conrad departed. Hien Tran, new NIRC2 Instrument Master Recruiting two replacements; excellent group of applicants. Fourth Night Attendant hired, Rodney Eisenhour. Grant Hill, transition to Summit Lead Al Conrad departed. Hien Tran, new NIRC2 Instrument Master Recruiting two replacements; excellent group of applicants. Fourth Night Attendant hired, Rodney Eisenhour. 60 All VNC All The Time Now running instrument software under VNC every night. Allows for mainland eavesdrops or control. Better troubleshooting, training. ToOs from mainland sites have nearly instantaneous access to running software. Now running instrument software under VNC every night. Allows for mainland eavesdrops or control. Better troubleshooting, training. ToOs from mainland sites have nearly instantaneous access to running software.