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Transcript of Announcement MIDTERM EXAMINATION next Friday in Lecture through second syntax lecture (Files 6.4-...
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Announcement MIDTERM EXAMINATION next Friday in
Lecture through second syntax lecture (Files 6.4-
6.5 covered Monday)
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Today Myths vs. facts about
sign language Structure of ASL
Readings: 13.1 - 13.3
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Background 1 in 1000 babies born deaf 2 million profoundly deaf people in the U.S. 15 million Hearing-impaired people in the U.S. 90% of deaf babies are born to hearing parents 100,000-500,000 ASL users in the U.S.
Is (American) Sign Language a ‘true’ language?
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...Yes. Like spoken languages, signed languages are:
1. naturally-occurring (not invented)
2. complete and expressive
3. rule-governed (there is a “right” and “wrong” way to say things)
4. governed by the same kinds of principles governing spoken languages
5. not the same world-wide
6. not mere pantomime
7. not parasitic on spoken language
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MYTH 1: Signed languages are not ‘true’
language because lack writing, speech Writing is a derivative of language Approx. 57% of the world’s languages are
unwritten Historically, languages have been spoken
long before they have been written down Main difference between spoken and signed
languages is mode of communication (vocal-auditory vs. manual-visual)
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MYTH 2: Sign language is universal
Many different signed languages They are mutually unintelligible American Sign Language British Sign Language
(ASL)
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MYTH 3: Sign language is purely iconic
Some signs are iconic “house”, “eat”, “cat”,
“milk”, “sit”
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MYTH 3, cont.: Sign language is purely iconic
But, if all signs were iconic… Non-signers would understand sign language All deaf people would have same signs Wouldn’t be able to sign abstract concepts
Recall: Iconicity occurs in spoken languages to some degree (onomatopoeia)
ASL has dialects (e.g. candy)
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MYTH 4: ASL encodes spoken English into signs
Manually Coded English (MCE) translation of English
in 1-to-1 encoding used to teach English
to the Deaf Fingerspelling
used for words for which there is no sign
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MYTH 4: ASL encodes spoken English into signs, cont.
Simultaneity vs. sequentiality English is sequential: phonemes (as well as
morphemes and words in a sentence) are linearly ordered.
In signed languages, meaning-bearing units are produced simultaneously e.g., English noun-verb distinction: create vs. creation walk vs. walker --word ending ASL noun-verb distinction
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Structure of ASL Phonology
Parameters (or primes): Discrete units of a sign...distinctive features Handshape Place (of articulation) Movement Palm orientation
http://www.lifeprint.com/
http://commtechlab.msu.edu/sites/aslweb/browser.htm
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Handshape‘CANDY’ ‘APPLE’ ‘JEALOUS’
http://commtechlab.msu.edu/sites/aslweb/browser.htm
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Place‘SUMMER’
‘DRY’
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Movement ‘NAME’ ‘SHORT’ ‘EGG’
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Palm orientation ‘WANT’ ‘FREEZE’