Annotated Bib 4b

8/13/2019 Annotated Bib 4b

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Chidera Ofonedu

Ares Shackleford

1/24/14Period: 4B

Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources

African-American Troops During the Civil War. N.d. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. A

group of African American troops can be seen in this picture. Even though the civil war

was a war fought because of slavery, african americans still fought on both sides of the

fight.

American Flag. N.d. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. A picture of the American flag is

shown. This picture is used to represent the picture for reconstruction because

reconstruction is about reuniting the nation.

Am I Not a Man and a Brother?N.d. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. This picture was the

main image that was associated with the abolition movement at the time. It shows a black

man on his knees asking anyone reading the picture if he is not a man or a brother.

Bass, Jack.A-0001. Prod. Linda Killen. Southern Oral History Program. University of North

Carolina, n.d. Web. 28 Dec. 2013. This audio gives a first hand account of Richard

Arrington, who is now a city councilman in Birmingham, who went through the Cvil

Rights movement. It also gives background of what it was like for Richard Arrington in

at the time. He explains how he involved himself in the government, what he supported,

and what his opinion was with the whole movement itself. he also explains what his role

was in the committee, what he did to bring about the committee itself, and what the

committee's role was in the community. Gives a back story on his campaign including the


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Ofonedu & Shackleford 2

financial costs. How his compaing helped the community, after he was elected his efforts

into making the community equal only errupted. He went to the athourities first. It was

there that his committee solved the segregational and oppressive problems. Then from

there he went to the economics of the city, such as the distribution of foodstamps to the

poor. Education never left his mind in the effort. Him and his committee put forth better

educational oppertunities for the African Americans.

Black Codes of Mississippi (1865)."American History. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 4 Nov. 2013.

Black codes were a set of regulations made to limit the equality of African Americans.

Despite black people recently being set freed from slavery intense racism still existed. In

a famous trial of Plessy v. Ferguson the civil rights of an African American were

questioned and the Supreme Court was forced to make a set rules for African American

civil rights.

"Carmichael at rally." Gale Student Resources in Context. Gale, n.d. Web. 5 Nov. 2013. This

picture is showing one of the many rally's that occured at the time of the Civil Rights

Movement. Carmichael, the man at the podeum, appears to be giving one of his rallys to

get more people to support the African American Civil Rights campain. He was one of

the many historic figures who did this including Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, and

many others.

City of Westminister. Westminister City Council, n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.

. Provides

a brief description of Olaudah Equiano. It briefly states that Olaudah Equiano was the

first political leader in Britain's black community. It also provides his historical


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background, including where he was born, in 1745 in Nigeria. Finally, the source

provides a photograph of Olaudah Equiano himself.

The Civil Rights Act. N.d. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. The Civil Rights Act is being

signed by congress to please African Americans and the Civil Rights Leaders.

Civil Rights Movement in the USA. N.d. Image. This is a very generic image of the word civil

rights movement. Inside all of the letters in the image are pictures are famous civil rights

activists.

Confederate Flag and American Flag, 2008. N.d. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. The

whole purpose of having this photograph is to show the comparison between the

confederate and American Flag. They both use the same color arrangement and have

stars on both but there are some key differences.

1863 Engraving of Growing Free Black Population. N.d. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. A

picture shows a city full of black and white people living in the same place together. The

white people look anxious and nervous though because they are not use to African

Americans living with them.

1863 Slave Responding to Emancipation Proclamation. N.d. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 27 Jan.

2014. A picture of a former slave holding his hands up is being shown. This picture was

made to show how happy slaves were after the Emancipation Proclamation was said by

President Lincoln.

1839 Illustration from Anti-Slavery Almanac. N.d. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. A

cartoon that shows white people forcing black people back to Africa. This picture has two

interpretations. One side is that the white man is giving black people independence by


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woman which at the time was against the Jim Crow laws, so the woman's husband was

obviously mad. Because he was mad he decided to kill the boy. This article shows the

mistreatment of african americans at the time.

Modern American History. Modern American History, n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.

. The

following provides much information on different aspects of the Ninteen Hundreds and

early Twentieth century. Including The Women's Movement, 9/11/01, and in particular,

The Civil Rights Movement. It gives insight on some of the failed attemps, throught

legistlation, to enacting Civil Rights for African Americans. Such as the Truman era

where President Truman had attempmted to provide ideas of anti-segregation acts to

abolish racial descrimination. But it was not a good idea at the time because America was

already dealing with trouble of The Cold War against The Soviet Union. Therefore

American's did not agree with Truman's motives for the abolishment of racial

descrimination.

O'Neill, Claire. "African Americans and The Civil War."National Public Radio. National Public

Radio, n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.

. African American's at the time of the American Civil War truely wanted

to be granted their equal rights. The 54th Massachusetts Regiment inspired many more

African Americans into striving for their equal rights. Even though the regiment, along

with several other infantries, lost the battle at Fort Wagner, their courage and

perserverence granted them more opertunities in the United States.


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Parks, Rosa, and Jim Haskins.Rosa Parks My Story. New York City: Penguin, 1992. Print. Rosa

Parks, in her autobiography, she begins with the all-famous bus incident where she was

arrested for refusing to give up her seat to the white people who came onto the bus. She

then dates back to her earliest memories from her childhood where she was being treated

with respect from a few whites, particularly the "yankee" (an old saying for Northern

soldiers after World War 1) who had come to visit Rosa's family when she was five or

six. Then she goes a bit further after that to her education. She gives insight on what it

was like for her, what she had to do in terms of travel in order to recieve her education.

Later on she goes into what she did as an adult, what Civil Rights organizations she

joined or helps found. She then concludes the book with how through all the effort she

has put forth with many of the supporters and followers, she and many other Civil Rights

leaders such as Dr. King changed the ways of the Nation.

President Lincoln Greets Contrabands. N.d. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. This picture

reveals Lincoln with newly released former slaves. These African Americans are praising

him like Moses or a liberator.

The Signing of the Civil Rights Act. N.d. SIRS. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. This is a step that gives black

people a little bit closer to their sole goal of equality. This signing gave people the true

equality they served. Racism still existed though but, America slowly got better.

Sophia Smith Collection. 1851 Portrait: Philadelphia Anti-Slavery Society. 1851. Sophia Smith

Collection. Smith Coll. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 5 Oct. 2013. . This photograph

taken in 1851 show a photo of an anti-slavery organization. These abolitionists show that


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despite the efforts of this group and many other groups it was still difficult to promote

black people into areas of society due to many racists and discrimination. Even though

blacks got freed from slavery therefore many black equality groups such as this one

disbanded but, the racism did not stop there.(primary source)

University of California Santa Cruz. University of California, n.d. Web. 28 Dec. 2013. Gives a

vast list of primary sources from many databases, and audio recordings from interviews

with people during the Civil Rights movement.

Year of Water. University of Pennsylvania, n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.

. This

source provides a photograph of what it was like on the boats on the Middle Passage.

Secondary Sources

African American Religious Intellectuals and the Theological Foundations of the Civil Rights

Movement, 1930-55. N.p.: Gale Student Resources in Context, 2007. Gale Student

Resources in Context. Web. 5 Nov. 2013. This sourse gives an overview of Civil Rights

Movement and goes into detail of the different causes to the movement. It also provides

insight on some key people who played a key role in the progression of the rights that

came after. It aslo dates back to the earliest times of the Movement in the 1920's with

people like Benjamin E. Mays being key figures at that time. having conflicted religious

struggles was a point brought up, whether or not African American's should choose to be

Christian or Muslum. Also explaind the ways the African Americans dealt with problems

such as the Jim Crow Laws.


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Bois, W.E.B. Du. "Editorial about the NAACP." World War I and the Jazz Age. Woodbridge,

CT: Primary Source Media, 1999. American Journey. Student Resources In Context.

Web. 19 Oct. 2013. This source is vey brief summary of what the NAACP are and what

they do. NAACP stands for National Association of Advancement of Colored People.

This group along with multiple other groups help made equality for better then its ever

been for black people. Groups like this made Colored people and white people one of the

same like they should've been treated like in the first place.

civil rights movement."American History. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 4 Nov. 2013. The "Civil

Rights movement" article goes in to long detail about the history of the civil rights

movement made by african americans. The timeline starts at slavery and ends with what

all races mostly have now, equality. This text talks about many important groups and

names as Martin Luthor King Jr. , Abraham Lincoln, or NAACP( Nation Association for

the Advancement of Colored People).

DISCovering Multicultural America. N.p.: Gale Cengage Learning, 2003. Gale Student

Resources in Context. Web. 17 Oct. 2013.

. This reference on William Edward Burghardt

Du Bois provides the necessary information on what views he had on how to solve the

racial problems the U.S was having towards African-Americans, wanting African-


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Americans to gain political power rather than to recieve a good education. It also gives

some insight on what different organization(s) and/or groups he had helped found such as

the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909 and

the Advancement of the Negro Race committee. It breifly lists the various books he had

writen such as The Souls of Black Folk (1903), John Brown (1909), Quest of the Silver

Fleece (1911), and many more. It then also gives explains how William had given up on

his hopes on America ever fixing its racial problems by him leaving to Gahna and then

later goining the communist party in 1961.

(primary source)

John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and

Museum, n.d. Web. 28 Dec. 2013. Gives insight of the political figures that played a key

role to the uprising of Civil Rights for African Americans. Figures such as John F.

Kennedy had much influence of the American people, it was with this influence that Civil

Rights activist Martin Luthur King Junior tookk advantage of through John F. Kennedy

to reach out to the American people. With this political power that Martin L. King had

with John F. Kennedy they, with all their supporters, were able to bring about justice to

the violence and discrimination against Afrcan Americans. In fact, sergregation against

Afrcan Americans in Ole Miss University was brought to an end as one of the results to

the uprising to Civil Rights. James H. Meredith, Jr., an African American Air Force

veteran, was a man who, after many failed attemps, could not get accepted into the

university. But with the help of John F. Kennedy and the National Gaurd, that, and the

segregation against African Americans at Ole Miss University, was brought to an end.


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Special Collections & University Archives. UMass Amherst, n.d. Web. 9 Dec. 2013. The

webpage is primarily focused on the Niagara movement. It goes into detail on the Key

figures in the group such as the all famous W.E.B Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter.

These two men helped found the Niagara Movement through he "National Strategy

board" and promoted the equality for African Americans. With W.E.B. Du Bois the

movement had gained up to 107 members by the end of their first year in commission.

Annotated Bib 4b

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