Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.
-
Upload
sage-wilcox -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
3
Transcript of Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.
![Page 1: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Animal Reproduction
A. Russo-Neustadt
CSULA
![Page 2: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Asexual
versus
Sexual Reproduction
![Page 3: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Asexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction – reproduction that produces individuals who are genetically identical to the parents
No sperm and egg fusion Examples – budding in
hydra, fragmentation & regeneration in sea stars, fission in Sea Anemones
![Page 4: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Budding
![Page 5: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Fission
![Page 6: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Sea Star Fragmentation
Linkia genus
![Page 7: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Advantages of Asexual Reproduction Isolated/sessile species Time efficient Conservation of energy Like parent/Like offspring (instant
adaptation)
![Page 8: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Huge Disadvantage of Asexual Reproduction What if environmental conditions change –
become unfavorable?
![Page 9: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction reproduction that produces offspring who are
genetically different from either parent (genetic variability)
requires production of gametes that fuse to form a fertile egg- Example – humans, frogs, earthworms
![Page 10: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Humans
![Page 11: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Frogs
![Page 12: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Earthworms-Hermaphrodites
![Page 13: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Advantages to Sexual Reproduction
Genetic variation Environmental Adaptation
![Page 14: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Disadvantages to Sexual Reproduction
Isolated/solitary/non-motile animals One potential solution for a few select
animals is the evolution of Hermaphroditic characteristics (earthworm, tapeworm)
![Page 15: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Sexual Reproduction
Internal versus
External Fertilization
![Page 16: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
External Fertilizationused by aquatic animals
![Page 17: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Internal Fertilization
Used by some aquatic animals and all terrestrial animals
Requires copulation – and specialized organs
![Page 18: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Internal Fertilization
Embryological development post-fertilization can be
Oviparous
Ovoviviparous
Viviparous
![Page 19: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Internal Fertilization
oviparous – eggs laid and hatch outside the body (examples – birds, reptiles)
![Page 20: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
ovoviviparous – eggs develop inside of female’s body, but do not receive nourishment from her (example – some sharks)
Interuterine CanabolismSandtiger (embryophagy)Great White (oophagy)*others are viviparous and
oviparous
![Page 21: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Viviparous – embryos develop in female’s body and receive nourishment directly from her, often using a placenta (example – mammals)
![Page 22: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
What happens after animals are born or hatched?
![Page 23: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Young that hatch or are born can be Precocial
– highly developed and able to move about and feed themselves, “miniature adults” (example – reptiles)
![Page 24: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Young that hatch or are
born can be Altricial - immature and require
considerable parental care to survive
Note the energetic trade off between parental investment in lots of gametes versus significant parental care of young
![Page 25: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Human Reproduction
There are two basic types of reproductive system organs –
Gonads = primary sex organs = essential sex organs; ovary and testis1. Produce the gametes
2. Produce the sex hormones that –
Regulate the reproductive process
Regulate development and function of the other reproductive system organs
![Page 26: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Types of reproduction system organs - continuedSecondary sex organs = accessory sex
organs; involved in -
a. transport
b. protection
c. nourishment
of the gametes, embryo or young
![Page 27: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Human Reproductive Anatomy
![Page 28: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The human male primary sex organ and associated organs
Testes = primary sex organ; spermatogenesis occurs in seminiferous tubules, testosterone production occurs in cells of Leydig
Site of final sperm maturation, takes several weeks
Sperm transport – through inguinal canal to abdominal cavity out urethra, fluids added along the way
![Page 31: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The human female primary sex organ and associated organs
Ovary = primary sex organ; egg production and estrogen and progesterone production all occur within the follicles
Oviduct = fallopian tube, site of fertilization of the egg, transport of egg from ovary to uterus
uterus
![Page 34: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Endocrine Control of Ovary and Testis Function
Hormones control reproductive function
![Page 35: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cab5503460f9496bbe5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)