ANIMAL POISON

BY:AAKEFA KHANM.Sc. II YEAR

GUIDED BY: DR. SHRIHARI SANAP

WHAT IS POISON?

Poison is defined as a substance which when introduced into a living organism causes injury, illness or death by chemical activity or other activity. The living organisms that carry poison are called poisonous animals. They could be poisonous plant or venomous/poisonous animals found either on land or in water .

Animal toxins are roughly divided into venoms and poisons

Venomous Animal is capable of producing a poison in a highly developed gland or group of cells and can deliver the toxin by biting or stinging.

Poisonous Animal contains tissues that are, in whole or part, toxic and there is no mechanism to deliver the poison.

TERRESTRIAL ENVENOMINGSREPTILES

LIZARD KOMODO DRAGON

Venom is complex mixture of serotonin and neurotransmitter . Secretes venom from glands in its mouth. Its venom is less effective on humans than on its prey.

GILA MONSTER Venom is a complex mixture with

helothermine. Relies on grooves of teeth to conduct the

flow of venom. Leads to intense pain and dropping of

blood pressure.

SNAKES

KING COBRA It is a longest venomous Snake. Venom is less toxic compare to other

venomous snake but inject more venom than others.

One bite can cause death of human within 15min .

INLAND TAIPAN It is the worlds most venomous

Snake. Venom is neurotoxin and is 200-

400 times more toxic than cobra. Can kill human in as little as

45mints.

ARTHROPODS

SPIDER THE BRAZILIAN

WANDERING SPIDER It has appeared in the Guinness book of

world records 2007 for the most venomous spider responsible for human deaths.

Venom is neurotoxin only 0.006mg can kill mouse.

Bite cause intense pain, uncomfortable erections.

SCORPION DEATH STALKER

SCORPION Venom is a powerful cocktail of

neurotoxins. It causes an intense and unbearable pain

then fever followed by coma and death. Young children, the old, infirm are at the

biggest risk.

MARINE ENVENOMINGS

BLUE –RINGED OCTOPUS

It is very small only the size of golf ball, but its venom is very powerful.

It carries enough poison to kill 26 human within minutes, there is no antidote.

Bite is painless but deadly neurotoxins begin working immediately.

STONEFISH

It is the most venomous fish in the world.

Venom causes severe pain with shock and paralysis and tissue death.

BOX JELLYFISH Its toxins attack the heart, nervous

system, and skin cells. Venom is overpoweringly painful, that

human victim go straight into shock, and drown or die of heart failure.

There is no chance to survive unless treated immediately with vinegar.

Puffer fish Its meat is a delicacy in Japan but

its skin and certain organs are poisonous to humans.

Its poison produces rapid and violent death causes deadening of tongue and lips.

There is no known Antidote ,death happen when untrained people catch and prepare fish.

MARBLED CONE SNAIL One drop of its Venom is powerful

enough to kill more than 20 humans. True purpose of its venom is to catch its

prey. Symptoms of a cone snail sting can start

immediately or can be delayed in onset for days.

There is no Antivenom.

POISON DART FROG The 2inch long poison dart frog has

enough venom to kill 10 adult human. Only 2microgram of this lethal toxin

is capable of killing a human or other mammal.

It keeps their poison in their skin and will kill anybody who touches or eats it.

CASE STUDIES A senior citizen couple succumbed after allegedly being bitten by a poisonous

snake near Kalamb in Yavatmal district. Ganpatrao and his wife Sarita Ballewar were heading in their private four-wheeler to Mahur temple when the incident is supposed to have taken place. What is baffling the police is that their driver did not inform the family of the incident nor did he seek medical assistance anywhere. Instead, he drove back home five hours later with the dead bodies. The bodies were sent to Government Medical College and Hospital for post mortem. The post mortem report from Government Medical College's forensic department had remarks about the 'prick marks' in the middle of the anterior portion of the right forearms of the couple with reddish swelling in the section about injuries. Ganpatrao owned substantial property. A source from Buti Bori police told that the case was weakened as the forensic experts could not strongly support theory of murder by snake bite. Buti Bori police had slapped the charges of murder against Ballewars' youngest son Nirbhay. A contract of Rs 5 lakh was offered, by Nirbhay to eliminate his parents with whom he was engaged in dispute over property. But the trial court acquitted the alleged perpetrators. Because the investigations had several loopholes and could not prove the charges against the perpetrators.

In July 2015, a Texas teenager found dead in his vehicle outside a Lowe's parking lot in Austin, Texas committed suicide by cobra.  Grant Thompson, 18, apparently allowed the snake to bite him repeatedly, causing his death. A later autopsy revealed no evidence that Thompson tried to stop the snake from biting him. Death reportedly occurred within about thirty minutes, due to paralysis and respiratory failure caused by the snake's venom. Thompson had “several bites” on his arms, the autopsy revealed. The medical examiner's report stated that the bites “appeared to be intentional injection sites.” The report also states that Thompson had a history of “suicidal ideation.”Thompson worked at his family's pet shop in Temple, Texas. He was said to be a reptile lover. When his body was found at the Lowe's in Austin, his car door was open and the cobra was missing from its container. It was later found dead on a nearby road after having been run over.