ANIMAL KINGDOM

Characteristics of all Animals

• They are made of cells, which form tissues, which form organs which form organ systems.

• They obtain food by eating other organisms (herbivores, carnivores or omnivores).

• Most animals reproduce sexually but some can reproduce asexually.

• All animals move in order to satisfy 1 of their basic needs (food, water, shelter, escaping danger)

Types of food eaters

Carnivore - meat eater (either a predator - prey relationship or a scavenger)

Herbivore - plant eater

Omnivore - eats plants and meat

Division of animals

Animals have bilateral symmetry (1 line that can divide the animal into 2 identical parts)

or radial symmetry ( many lines that can divide the animal into equal parts).

Sub Kingdom: Invertebrates• Sponges• Cnidarians• Worms

Sponge• Simplest form of animal• No tissues or organs• heterotrophic & cells

that have specialized jobs

• Bodies pierced all over with openings called pores

How do Sponges eat &

breathe?• Collar cells on the

inside of central cavity trap bacteria & protists & digest them.

• Sponges get O2 by diffusion.

Cnidarians• Specialized tissues - no organs.• Radial symmetry

Digestion• Capture prey using stinging cells to inject

venom - paralyzes prey • Pull prey into mouth, digest in body cavity

digestive system: 1 opening - expel food from mouths also.

Reproduction• asexually by budding &

sexually. • Some have both sexes

within 1 individual others in separate individuals.

• Examples include jellyfish, sea anemones and coral.

Worms• Flatworms (Platyhelminthes)

• Roundworms (Nematoda)

• Segmented worms (Annelida)

All Worms…

• Have tissues, organs and organ systems.

• Have bilateral symmetry.• Have a brain.• Reproduce both sexually and

asexually.• Can replace parts by a process called

regeneration.

PHYLUM MOLLUSCAClams, snails, squid, octopus

Most mollusks have a hard shell covering their soft bodies.

Clams have a wedge-shaped muscular foot used for locomotion.

PHYLUM CHORDATAFish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

Members of Phylum Chordata have a backbone (they are vertebrates).

Class Chondrichthyes includes fish whose skeletons are made of cartilage,

such as sharks, rays, and skates.

Fish

Class Osteichthyes includes fish whose skeletons are made of bone.

Class Amphibia includes semi-aquatic animals with moist skin. They must

return to the water to breed.

Amphibia

Class Reptilia includes snakes, lizards, turtles, crocodiles, and iguanas.

They have dry, scaly skin.

Reptiles

Members of Class Aves have wings and feathers for flight.

Birds

Class Mammalia includes animals with hair or fur. Females have mammary

glands to nurse their young with milk.

Mammals