Animal Kingdom

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Animal Kingdom

description

Animal Kingdom. What is an Animal?. Most diverse kingdom in appearance Each phylum has its own typical body plan (arrangement). Characteristics. All multicellular ( metazoans ) & eukaryotic Cells lack cell walls & come in a variety of shapes - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Animal Kingdom

Page 1: Animal  Kingdom

Animal Kingdom

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What is an Animal?

• Most diverse kingdom in appearance

• Each phylum has its own typical body plan (arrangement)

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Characteristics

• All multicellular (metazoans) & eukaryotic• Cells lack cell walls & come in a variety of

shapes• Ingestive heterotrophs (take in food &

internally digest it)• Store food reserves temporarily as glycogen in

the liver• Have some type of skeletal support

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Characteristics

Exoskeletons found in arthropods cover the outside of the body but limit size

Endoskeletons found in all vertebrates are found inside the body & are made of cartilage &/or bone

Worms have fluid-filled internal cavities giving them skeletal support

Sponges have the simplest skeleton  May be sessile (attached & non-moving) or motile

(able to move around)Muscular tissue provides energy for

movement

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Characteristics• Reproduce sexually• Show levels of organization

including cell, tissue, organ, & system

• Cells are specialized for particular functions

• Most vertebrates have a backbone or spine made of repeating bones called vertebrae that protect the spinal cord

• Some show cephalization (have a head with sensory organs concentrated there)

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Invertebrates

• Simplest animals• Contains the greatest number of animal

species• Most found in water• Do not have an backbone• Includes sponges, cnidarians, flatworms,

roundworms, annelids (segmented worms), mollusks, arthropods, & echinoderms

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Vertebrates

• More complex animals• Most have a backbone• Includes fish, amphibians,

reptiles, birds, & mammals

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Body Areas Dorsal is the back or upper surface Ventral is the belly or lower surface Anterior head or f ront end Posterior is the tail or hind end opposite the head Oral surface in echinoderms is where the mouth is located

(underside) Aboral surface in echinoderms is the surface opposite the mouth

(top side)

DORSAL

ANTERIOR

POSTERIOR

VENTRAL

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Symmetry

Symmetry is the arrangement of body parts around a central plane or axis the body plan of an animal, how its parts are

arranged

Asymmetry occurs when the body can't be divided into similar sections (sponges)

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Asymmetry

Asymmetry occurs when the body can't be divided into similar sections

SpongesCorals

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Radial Symmetry• Radial symmetry occurs when similar body

parts are arranged around a central point like spokes on a wheel – Echinoderms

• (starfish, hydra, jellyfish)

• Most animals with radial symmetry are sessile (attached) or sedentary (move very little)

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Bilateral Symmetry• Bilateral symmetry occurs when animals can

be divided into equal halves along a single plane (right & left sides that are mirror images)

• Animals with bilateral symmetry are more complex, usually motile organisms, such as worms, arthropods, and all vertebrates

• Animals with bilateral symmetry show cephalization & have anterior & posterior ends

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Bilateral Symmetry

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Bilateral Symmetry

anterior - toward the head posterior - toward the tail dorsal - back side ventral - belly side

Segmentation - "advanced" animals have body segments, and specialization of tissue (even humans are segmented, look at the ribs and spine)

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Types of AnimalsPhylum Examples Evolutionary Milestone

Porifera Sponges multicellularity

Cnidaria jellyfish, hydra, coral tissues

Platyhelminthes flatworms bilateral symmetry

Nematoda roundworms pseudocoelom

Mollusca clams, squids, snails coelom

Annalida earthworms, leeches segmentation

Arthropoda insects, spiders, crustaceans jointed appendages

Echinodermata starfish deuterostomes

Chordata vertebrates notochord