Animal Contributions to Human Needs. What animals are used for production purposes?
-
Upload
adam-williams -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
2
Transcript of Animal Contributions to Human Needs. What animals are used for production purposes?
Animal Contributions to Human Needs
What animals are used for production purposes?
SCIENCE
a process through which nature is STUDIED, DISCOVERED, and UNDERSTOOD.
Animal Science
The PROCESS through which LIVESTOCK ANIMALS are STUDIED and UNDERSTOOD.
Animal Science Involves BREEDING, feeding, care
and MANAGEMENT of animals; MARKETING and PROCESSING of animals and their PRODUCTS based on knowledge gained through practical EXPERIENCE and RESEARCH.
Domestication
To adapt an animal for human use
Five requirements for domestication
1.The animal is VALUED and there are clear PURPOSES for which it is kept.
2.The animal’s BREEDING is subject to human control.
3.The animal’s SURVIVAL depends upon humans.
Five requirements for domestication
4.The animal’s BEHAVIOR (psychology) is changed in domestication.
5.Morphological (STRUCTURAL) characteristics have appeared which occur rarely if at all in the wild.
Wild animal
not GENETICALLY altered by artificial selection for use by humans
Example
Tame wild animal
a wild animal that, through intervention of man, has adapted BEHAVIORALLY so as to be useful to humans.
Example
Exotic animal
a wild animal belonging to a species whose historic native range lies totally outside NORTH AMERICA
Example
Domestic animal
an animal that has been genetically altered from the original wild species for use by humans through ARTIFICIAL SELECTION
Example
Feral animal
a DOMESTIC animal that lives in the WILD with no human assistance
Example
Feral population
a REPRODUCING group of FERAL animals
Example
Species
a group of closely related animals that can INTERBREED and produce FERTILE offspring
Example
Breed
animals of common ORIGIN with characteristics that distinguish them from other groups within the same SPECIES
Example
Type
animals of the same SPECIES that are grouped together based on the PRODUCTS they produce
Example
Scientific Names of Domesticated Livestock
Animals
Genus species
European Cattle
Bos taurus
Indian Cattle
Bos indicus
Sheep
Ovis aries
Goats
Capra hircus
Swine
Sus scrofa domesticus
Horse
Equus caballus
Donkey
Equus asinus
Rabbit
Oryctolagus cuniculus
Llama
Llama glama
Alpaca
Llama pacos
Dog
Canis familiaris
Cat
Felis catus
Chicken
Gallus domesticus
Turkey
Meleagris gallopavo
Duck
Anas platyrhyncha
Goose
Anser anser
Terms of Domesticated Animals
Cattle Terminology
Species Bovine
Cattle Terminology
Group Herd
Cattle Terminology
Adult MaleBull
Cattle Terminology
Adult Female Cow
Cattle Terminology
Young Male Bull Calf
Cattle Terminology
Young Female Heifer Calf
Cattle Terminology
Newborn Calf
Cattle Terminology
Castrated Male Bullock or Steer
Cattle Terminology
Offspring w/Dam Calf at Foot or Suckling
Cattle Terminology
Birthing Calving
Cattle Terminology
Mating Serving
Sheep Terminology
Species Ovine
Sheep Terminology
GroupFlock
Sheep Terminology
Adult MaleRam, Buck, or Tup
Sheep Terminology
Adult Female Ewe
Sheep Terminology
Young Male Ram Lamb or Buck Lamb
Sheep Terminology
Young Female Ewe Lamb
Sheep Terminology
NewbornLamb
Sheep Terminology
Castrated Male Wether
Sheep Terminology
Offspring w/Dam Suckling
Sheep Terminology
Birthing Lambing
Sheep Terminology
MatingTupping
Goats Terminology
Species Caprine
Goats Terminology
GroupFlock or Band
Goats Terminology
Adult MaleBuck or Billy
Goats Terminology
Adult Female Doe or Nanny
Goats Terminology
Young Male Buckling
Goats Terminology
Young Female Goatling
Goats Terminology
NewbornKid
Goats Terminology
Castrated Male Wether
Goats Terminology
Offspring w/Dam Suckling
Goats Terminology
BirthingKidding
Goats Terminology
MatingServing
Swine Terminology
Species Swine or Sus
Swine Terminology
GroupDrove
Swine Terminology
Adult MaleBoar
Swine Terminology
Adult Female Sow
Swine Terminology
Young Male Boar Pig or Boarling
Swine Terminology
Young Female Gilt
Swine Terminology
NewbornPig, Piglet, Pigling
Swine Terminology
Castrated Male Barrow, Stag, Hog
Swine Terminology
Offspring w/Dam Suckling
Swine Terminology
BirthingFarrowing
Swine Terminology
MatingCoupling
Poultry Terminology
Species Gallus
Poultry Terminology
GroupFlock
Poultry Terminology
Adult MaleRooster, Cock
Poultry Terminology
Adult Female Hen
Poultry Terminology
Young Male Cockerel
Poultry Terminology
Young Female Pullet
Poultry Terminology
NewbornChick
Poultry Terminology
Castrated Male Capon
Poultry Terminology
Offspring w/Dam Clutch, Brood
Poultry Terminology
BirthingHatching
Poultry Terminology
Mating?????
Horse Terminology
Species Equine
Horse Terminology
GroupHerd, Band, etc.
Horse Terminology
Adult MaleStallion
Horse Terminology
Adult Female Mare
Horse Terminology
Young Male Colt
Horse Terminology
Young Female Filly
Horse Terminology
NewbornFoal
Horse Terminology
Castrated Male Gelding
Horse Terminology
Offspring w/Dam Suckling or Foal at Side
Horse Terminology
BirthingFoaling
Horse Terminology
MatingServing
Functions of Livestock
Product- an actual material provided by an animal that can be bought, sold, or used
Service- a work provided by an animal
Functions of Livestock
Food Clothing Power Recreation
Food
Meat Eggs Milk Honey
Clothing
Wool Leather Hair/Fur Feathers
Power
Horses Mules, Donkeys, Burros Llamas, Alpacas Oxen, Water buffalo, reindeer, yak,
camels
Recreation
Pleasure Horses Purebred Herds and Flocks Livestock Exhibitions, Shows, Rodeos Horse Racing
Mainstream Domestic Animals
Dairy Cattle Beef Cattle Sheep (Wool, Meat, Dairy) Swine Goats (Mohair, Milk, Meat, Cashmere) Horses, Mules, Donkeys, etc Poultry
Non-Traditional Domestic Animals
Ostrich & Emu Deer and Elk Bison Aquaculture Llamas and Alpacas Alligators Rare Breeds of Domestic Animals
Types of Livestock
Cattle
Beef Type Dairy Type Dual Purpose Multi-Purpose
Sheep Wool type
Fine Medium Long Colored
Meat or Mutton type Dual Purpose Dairy Type
Swine
Lard Type Bacon Type Meat Type
Horses
Draft Type Racing Ranch Work/Stock Horse Trotting Pacers
Poultry
Eggs (Layers) Meat (Broilers) Ornamental Cock Fighting
Why Farmers Use Livestock
Converts feed to meat; feed generally brings more money when marketed through livestock
Utilizes labor the year around Allows for greater production capacity and
increases opportunity for making profits Helps maintain fertility of the land
Why Farmers Use Livestock
May more fully utilize capital, machinery and wasteland (range).
Utilizes roughage that can’t readily be sold (poor hay, corn stalks, straw, etc.)
Diversifies that farm and/or ranch Personal satisfaction of working with
domesticated animals
Animal Protein
Animal proteins are superior to vegetable proteins for humans
Animal proteins have improved amino acid balance over vegetable protein
Producing animals for meat, mike, eggs, etc. is not as efficient as compared to cereal grains produced for humans alone
Ruminants
Have a four compartment stomach Can digest roughages Manufacture essential amino acids and
energy Examples include:
Cattle Sheep Goats
Non-ruminants (Monogastric)
Have a single compartment stomach Need supplementary sources of amino
acids and vitamins Examples include:
Swine Poultry Horses
Contributions to Food Needs
Vegetarianism -- started in India, due to long-term population pressure and scarcity of feed and forage for animals -- also religious concerns; all life is sacred.
Rising Population Pressures -- particularly in developing regions force people to consume foods of plant origin
Contributions to food Needs
Classification:% Animal
Dietary Energy
% Animal Protein of
Total Protein
Developed Countries 25 55Developing Countries 7 21
Contributions to Food Needs
Meat -- is important in diet; excellent balance of amino acids, vitamins and especially Vitamin B12
Milk -- approximately 90% of milk for human consumption in the world comes from cattle
Over 85% of the world population desires food of animal origin
1. Vegan
2. Lacto-Ovo Vegetarian
3. Vegetarian
4. Lacto Vegetarian
5. Ovo Vegetarian
6. Raw Vegan
7. Pescatarian
8. Flexitarian
9. Pollo Vegetarians
1. Vegan: No animal products at all2. Lacto-Ovo Vegetarian: no meat, milk,
eggs3. Vegetarian: no meat4. Lacto Vegetarian: no meat or milk5. Ovo Vegetarian: no meat or eggs6. Raw Vegan: only raw, uncooked
vegetables and fruits7. Pescatarian: Will eat fish, no other
meat8. Flexitarian: Occasionally eats meat9. Pollo Vegetarians: Eats poultry, no
other meat
Calories of cultural or Fossil Fuel expended per calorie of food
Hunting Game .1-.2 Soybeans .2-.5 Range Lamb .3-.4 Corn .4-.5 Range Beef .5-.6
Coastal Fishing .9-1.1 Poultry 1.5-2.0 Hogs 2.5-3.2 Farm Forage Beef 3.0-4.0 Feedlot Beef 10.5-12.0
Feed Conversion Values
For each 1lb of gain, each animal eats Sheep 5-7 lbs Cattle 7-8 lbs Swine 3.0-3.5 lbs Turkeys 3.0-3.5 lbs Chicken 2
Livestock Feed Consumption
Range/Pasture34% Processed Feed 7% Feed Grain 26% Hay 32% Wheat 1%
Range/Pasture
Hay
Feed Grains
Wheat
ProcessedFeeds
US Livestock Producers- 1996
Beef 55.4% 909,100 Swine 11.9% 182,700 Chickens 10.9% 179,200 Dairy 8.5% 140,100 Horses 5.4% 88,400 Ducks/Geese 2.4% 39,600 Goats (milk) .9% 15,400 Goats (angora) .3% 5,400
Top States in Beef Production
1. Texas 2. Kansas 3. Nebraska 4. Oklahoma 5. California Utah’s Rank 28th
Top States in Dairy Production
1. California 2. Wisconsin 3. New York 4. Pennsylvania 5. Michigan Utah’s Rank 25th
Top States in Sheep Production
1. Texas 2. California 3. Wyoming 4. Colorado 5. South Dakota Utah’s Rank 7th
Top States in Goat Production
1. Texas 2. New Mexico 3. Arizona 4. Oklahoma 5. California Utah’s Rank ?
Top States in Swine Production
1. Iowa 2. North Carolina 3. Michigan 4. Illinois 5. Indiana Utah’s Rank 20th
Top States in Layers Production
1. California 2. Ohio 3. Indiana 4. Pennsylvania 5. Iowa Utah’s Rank 33rd
Top States in Broiler Production
1. Arkansas 2. Georgia 3. Alabama 4. North Carolina 5. Mississippi Utah’s Rank ??
Top States in Turkey Production
1. North Carolina 2. Minnesota 3. Arkansas 4. Missouri 5. California Utah’s Rank 14th
Number of Farms and Ranches
1. Texas 2. Missouri 3. Iowa 4. Kentucky 5. Minnesota Utah’s Rank 36th
Land in Farms and Ranches
1. Texas 2. Montana 3. Kansas 4. Nebraska 5. New Mexico Utah’s Rank 28th
Utah’s Rank in Other Areas
Mink Production 2nd Trout Production 6th Honey Production 24th