Animal Cell Types

8/6/2019 Animal Cell Types

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Imagine you had to design a nerve cell that tells a muscle to contract or a gland toproduce a hormone. These nerve cells pick up information in form of chemical signalsfrom other nerve cells at one specialized end. They then create electrical signals at theother end and send the electrical signal to organs far away such as muscles or glands.

Vocabulary:

gland =Drüse

This is what a nerve cell could look like:

Nerve cells that tell muscles to contract

Description:The cell is mainly long and thin. At the one end there is a round cell body with the nucleus.The cell body has many branches, which can connect with other cells. At one point a longand thin process leaves the cell body. Along this the electrical signals are carried to themuscle or gland over long distances. The end of this long process also branches out tomake many contacts with the muscle or gland it connects to.

Drawing:

E.Tetens/Bilingual Biology/ Cell Differentiation/ Group Work



Imagine you had to design a red blood cell. Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungsto all parts of the body. During transport oxygen must be attached to special moleculescalled haemoglobin. These give the red blood cells their red colour. The red blood cells aresqueezed trough very narrow blood vessels. So they must be very flexible, which is not

easy with a rather big nucleus.

Vocabulary:

haemoglobin = Hämoglobin; to squeeze - to press s.th. firmly

This is what a red blood cell could look like:

Description:A red blood cell takes the form of a flexible disc with a thick rim and a thin flat centre.Some books describe it as doughnut-shaped. It does not have a nucleus and only fulfils itsfunction for about 4 weeks. Vocabulary:rim = Rand

Drawing:




Imagine you had to design bone cells. Bones cells must produce hard non-living bonematerial to give the skeleton stability. They must, however, stay alive and not cutthemselves off from the supply of nutrients and oxygen.

This is what a bone cell in our upper arm bone could look like:

Description:The bone cells produce two types bone material in their endoplasmic reticulum and Golgiapparatus. They give off the material and surround themselves with it. In order to getnutrients and oxygen bones cells arrange themselves around blood vessels in up to 10circles. The cells of the outer circles remain in contact with the cells of the inner circles viasmall processes of cytoplasm. The inner circle of bones cells stays in direct contact with acentral blood vessel. While packing the bone material around themselves the cells leaveout the thin plasmatic processes to stay in contact with the central blood vessel.

Vocabulary:

process = Ausläufer, Fortsatz

Drawing:




Imagine you had to design a group of cells lining the air passages. These cells must beable to trap any dust and dirt particles that you breathe in and transport them back up tothe throat . There these particles can be coughed out or swallowed and made harmless bythe acid environment of the stomach.

Vocabulary:

lining = Auskleidung; air passages = Atemwege; to trap – to catch; to breathe = atmen;

to cough = husten; to swallowschlucken; acid = sauer;stomach

This is what cells in the lining of the air passages could look like:

Description:The cells lining the air passages are longish cells arranged side by side. There are twotypes of cell. One type of cell gives off a sticky fluid at the end that faces the air passage.This so-called mucus can trap any harmful particles. Another type of cell has tiny hairscalled cilia on its surface. The cilia move constantly. Like a conveyor belt they transportthe mucus with its harmful load back up to the throat.

Vocabulary:

sticky = klebrig; mucus= Schleim; cilia= Cilien; conveyor belt

= Fließband

Drawing:


Animal Cell Types

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