1.3 Membranstruktur. Glycoprotein Cholesterin Phospholipid Bilayer Phospholipid Integrales Protein.
Animal Cell. Plant Cell Cell Membrane – outer boundary –In plants & animals –Structure:...
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Transcript of Animal Cell. Plant Cell Cell Membrane – outer boundary –In plants & animals –Structure:...
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane – outer boundary
– In plants & animals
– Structure:• Phospholipid bilayer
– hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails• Contains lipids (bilayer), proteins (channels), and
carbohydrate chains (identification cards)
– Function:• Regulates what enters and leaves the cell• Semi-permeable membrane• Protection and support
• In plants and animals
• Function:– Information center
of the cell– Contains DNA
(chromatin vs. chromosomes)
– Directs/controls cell activities
Nucleus - control center
• In plants & animals
• Function:– a small,
darkened region in the nucleus that is made up of RNA and proteins
– where ribosomes are made
Nucleolus -
Mitochondria
• In plants & animals
• Structure:– Double membrane
• Cristae - inner folds, increase surface area• Outer membrane for protection of cell
• Function:– “Powerhouse” of the cell– Able to self-replicate ( # in cells with high energy need)– Releases energy from food for the organism to use
Ribosomes
• In plants & animals
• Structure:– Little “dots”– Small (25 nm) ball-like
structures – Found free-floating in
cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum
– Composed of RNA and protein
• Function:– Synthesis of proteins (where
proteins are made)
• In plants & animals
• Structure:– Network of flattened sacs– Can be rough (w/ ribosomes) or
smooth (w/o)
• Function:– Transport materials within or out of
cell – intracellular highway– Synthesis of macromolecules
• Rough - proteins, lipids, carbs• Smooth - lipids
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Lysosome
• In animals only
• Structure:– Small, circular structures– Found only in animal cells– Contain digestive enzymes
• Function:– Digestion of:
• Worn out organelles• Debris • Large ingested particles
– Lysosomes are responsible for your hands not being webbed!!
Golgi Apparatus
• In plants & animals
• Structure:– Flattened stacks of membranes– Vesicles attached to top and bottom
• Function:– Collection, modification, packaging of
proteins and other substances• Vesicles attach, deposit materials• GA modifies materials based on needs• Vesicles attach to membrane and
distribute modified substances
Vacuole
• In plants - 1 large, central• In animals – several small
• Function:– Storage of water, salts, proteins,
carbohydrates, waste products– Pressure system for plants,
prevents wilting– Special case: contractile vacuole -
prevents excess water intake, leading to cell-bursting
Cell Wall – surrounds the cell membrane
• Only in plants (& algae & some bacteria)
• Lies outside the cell membrane
• Function– Helps to protect and support
the cell – Very porous (water, oxygen,
carbon dioxide, etc. can pass through easily)
– Gives rectangular shape to plant cells
Plastids
• Only in plants
• Function:– Chloroplast - Conversion of
light energy (sun) into chemical energy (glucose/food)
– Chromoplasts – Store pigments (ex. carrot root cells, flower petals)
– Amyloplasts - Store food/starch
Cytoskeleton - framework
• In plants – microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments
• In animals – all
• Function: maintains cell shape and provides internal support– Microtubules - hollow tubes of proteins, hold
organelles in place, maintain shape, act as tracks that guide organelle movement
– Intermediate filaments – rods that anchor organelles in place
– Microfilaments – long & threadlike, used for cell movement
– Cilia – short, hairlike projections used for cell movement
– Flagella – long, taillike projections used for movement– Centrioles – organize microtubules during cell division
Who Am I? (quick review)
• I stated all plants are made of cells• I stated all cells come from the division of
preexisting cells • I coined the term “cell” when I looked at
slices of cork and dead plant cells • I am given credit for developing the 1st
mini microscope and I looked at pond water and made detailed drawings
• I discovered all animals are made of cells
• List 3 organelles you learned about today.
• Describe the function of each of the organelles you listed.
• Yes, you should write your name on the paper