Animal Animal BehaviorBehavior

Ch 33

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Follow along with the picture.

music, song

04/21/23 3book; books (noun)

04/21/23 4Meaning: heart as in organ; also kindness

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Sign language

Because of our innate language ability, it’s possible to learn another language, even a non-vocal one. But perhaps humans aren’t the only one with this ability.

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Koko, a gorilla, learned more than 500 different signs while in captivity. She even created some of her own signs, such as finger bracelet for ring. Once, her trainer signed “bad gorilla” and Koko corrected her by signing “funny gorilla.”

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Koko lied at times to avoid getting into trouble and insulted the trainers when she was angry. She even had her own kitten, a tiny tailless cat that she named All Ball.

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Koko and her kitten All Ball

Elements of Behavior Behavior: way an organism reacts to changes in

its internal condition or external environment Stimulus vs. Response

Innate Behavior An instinctinstinct Appears the first time the behavior is performed

even though the animal has no experience with the situation or behavior

Spider weaving a web Suckling of a newborn Insect moving towards or away from light Migration- traveling to change habitat or to breed Estivation- go to “sleep” to survive heat &

drought Hibernation- go to “sleep” to survive cold

Learned Behavior Animals alter their behavior as a result

of experience 4 Major Types of Learning:

1. Habituation2. Classical conditioning3. Trial & Error4. Imprinting

HabituationHabituation Simplest The animal gets “used” to the stimulus It is not positive or negative Reaction to a non-threatening or

unrewarding stimulus

Classical Conditioning

An animal makes a connection with a stimulus by reward or punishment

Ex. Russian Scientist: Pavlov Rang a bell when he fed his dog Repeated this Dog would salivate when the bell rang

(regardless of presence of food)

Trial and Error Animal learns to behave a certain

way over repeated practice to receive an award or avoid punishment

Ex. Training a dog to sit

Imprinting Example: ducks follow the first moving

object (their mothers) Have been known to think humans were

their mothers

Social Behavior Animal Societies help enhance the success of

individuals Primates exhibit a close family structure Jane GoodallJane Goodall (a BritishBritish behaviorist) studied the

chimpanzee in its natural habitat and revolutionized the field

Courtship Occurs when an individual send out

stimuli (sounds, visual displays, chemicals) in order to attract a mate

Competition and Aggression Some animals are territorial Use aggression to defend territory

and family Ex. Fighting

Fish

Communication Animals may use visual, sound, touch or

chemical signals to communicate Ex. Dolphins Cuttlefish- change colors

PheromonesPheromones- chemical substances secreted that can change behavior

Ex. Bees have 15 different glands!Ex. Ants also communicate this way!