ANAESTHESIA MACHINE & EQUIPMENT

Q & A – PART IIdr.r.selvakumarprofesssor of anaesthesiologyk.a.p.viswanatham govt medical college,trichirapallitamilnadu - india

Q.72

72. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY MODIFIED COLE FORMULA ?

I. D = AGE IN ( YEARS/ 4 ) + 4

Q.73

73. NAME ONE DISADVANTAGE OF HIGH VOLUME LOW PRESSURE CUFF IN ETT

A NUMBER OF SMALL FOLDS (MICRO FOLDS) REMAIN IN THE CUFF EVEN AFTER A GOOD SEAL AND CREATESMALL CHANNELS,WHICH MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THECAUSATION OF VAP BY ALLOWING MICROASPIRATION.

Q.74

74. WHAT SHOULD BE THE MAXIMUM INTRA CUFF PRESSURE ?

25 mm of Hg

Q.75

75. WHAT IS THE SPECIALITY OF COLES TUBE ?

IT IS AN UNCUFFED ORAL TUBE WITH THE PATIENT END WITH SMALLER DIAMETER THAN THE REST OF THE SHAFT. IT IS USED FOR NEONATAL RESUSCITATION.

COLES TUBE

Q.76

76. WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF R.A.E TUBE ?

• HIGH RESISTANCE• SUCTION IS DIFFICULT• PROPER SIZE TUBE HAS TO BE SELECTED FOR THAT PARTICULAR PATIENT.

Q.77

77. WHAT IS THE SPECIALITY OF OXFORD ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE ?

• L SHAPED ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE• UNIFORM INTERNAL DIAMETER• OUTER DIAMETER WILL BE INCREASING FROM THE PATIENT END TO MACHINE END.

Q.78

78. WHERE IS CARDEN TUBE USED ?

MICRO SURGERY OF THE LARYNX

Q.79

79. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY ENDOTROL TUBE ?

IT HAS A PULL RING LOOP WHICH IS CONNECTED TO THE TIP OF THE TUBE WITH A CABLE EMBEDDED IN THE TUBE. PULLING THE RING DECREASES THE TUBE INSIDE RADIUS AND MOVES THE TIP ANTERIORLY.

ENDO TROL ENDO TRACHEAL TUBE

Q.80

80. WHAT IS SPECIAL ABOUT SHERIDAN LASER TRACHEAL TUBE ?

IT IS A RED RUBBER TUBE WRAPPED WITH COPPER FOIL TAPE AND THEN WRAPPED WITH A WATER ABSORBENT FABRIC. IT IS DESIGNED FOR USE WITHA CO2 OR KTP LASER.

Q.81

81. HOW WILL YOU IDENTIFY THE SUCCESSFUL LUNG ISOLATION WITH ULTRASOUND ?

LUNG PULSE – ASSOCIATION OF ABSENCE OF LUNG SLIDING WITH HEART RHYTHM PERCEPTION ATPLEUTAL LINE.

Q.82

82. NAME ONE DLT WHICH CAN BE USED IN PAEDIATRIC LUNG ISOLATION

• MARRARO PAEDIATRIC BI-LUMEN TUBE• FOGARTY ENDOVASCULAR CATHETER

Q.83

83. HOW MANY SIZES OF LMA – CLASSIC ARE AVAILABLE ?

8 SIZES – 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6

Q.84

84. EXPAND SLIPA

STREAMLINED LINER OF THE PHARYNX AIRWAY

S.L.I.P.A

Q.85

85. MENTION SOME NON-REBREATHING VALVES

• RUBEN• SLATER• AMBU• AMBU – E• AMBU - HESSE

RUBEN NON-REBREATHING VALVE

Q.86

86. WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF AN OROPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY ?

• FLANGE• BITE BLOCK• SPATULA• CENTRAL LUMEN• OXYGEN INSUFFLATION PORT

Q.87

87. NAME 4 OROPHARYNGEAL AIRWAYS

• GUEDEL• WATERS• SAFAR• CONNELL

Q.88

88. MENTION ANY 4 TYPES OF RESUSCITATORS

• AMBU• LAERDAL RESUSCITAOR• AIR – VIVA• SAMSON• BLEASE MANUAL INFANT REUSCITATOR

Q.89

89. EXPAND AMBU

ARTIFICIAL MANDATORY BREATHING UNIT

Q.90

90. WHY A CATHETER MOUNT IS NAMED SO ?

ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE WAS CALLED AS ENDOTRACHEAL CATHETERS INITIALLY.

Q.91

91. WHAT IS THE MAXIMAL O2 FLOW CAN BE KEPT WITH A NASAL CANNULA ?

6 LITERS / MIN

Q.92

92. HOW MUCH O2 % WILL BE DELIVERED WITH THE ORANGE COLOUR VENTURI DILUTOR VALVE IN A VENTI MASK ?

56 %

Q.93

93. WHAT IS THE OTHER NAME OF HEAT MOISTURE EXCHANGERS ?

ARTIFICIAL NOSE

Q.94

ENDOSCOPY MASK

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF MASK

Q.95

95.WHICH NERVE IS PARALYSED BY TRANSTRACHEAL LOCAL ANAESTHETIC INJECTION?

RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE

Q.96

96. WHAT IS THE BASIC PHYSICAL LAW IN WHICH PULSEOXIMETRY IS BASED ON ?

BEER – LAMBERT LAW

Q.97

97. WHAT ARE THE LIGHT FREQUENCIES USED IN THE PULSEOXIMETRY ?

660 nm & 940 nm

Q.98

98. IN SEVERE METHAEMOGLOBINAEMIA, WHAT COULD BE THE SpO2 ?

85 %

Q.99

99. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY MULTI-WAVELENGTH PULSEOXIMETER ?

EIGHT WAVELENGTH PULSEOXIMETER CAPABLE OF MEASURING SEVERAL SPECIES OF Hb.

Q.100

100. WHAT IS THE OPTIMAL DAMPING VALUE OF THE TRANSDUCER USED IN THE INVASIVE B.P MONITORING ?

0.6 – 0.7

Q.101

101. WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF CAPNOGRAPHY ?

• MAIN STREAM • SIDE STREAM

Q.102

102. WHAT ARE THE 2 ADVANTAGES OF MAIN STREAM CAPNOGRAPHS ?

• QUICK RESPONSE TIME• NO WASTAGE OF RESPIRATORY GASES

Q.103

103. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY “BAIN HUMP” IN A CAPNOGRAPHIC TRACING ?

A SUDDEN RISE OF EtCO2 VALUE OCCURING IN THEINSPIRATORY DOWNSLOPE DUE TO REBREATHINGOF SMALLER AMOUNTOF GAS NEAR THE PATIENT END OF THE CIRCUIT.

Q.104

104. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY MAC-BAR ?

MINIMUM ALVEOLAR CONCENTRATION – BLOCKADE OF ADRENERGIC RESPONSES.

Q.105

105. WHAT IS THE RECOMMENDED SCORING IN BIS SCALE FOR G.A ?

40 - 60

Q.106

106. WHAT ARE ALL THE PLACES WHERE CORE TEMPERATURE CAN BE MEASURED?

TYMPANIC MEMBRANE, OESOPHAGUS, NASOPHARYNX, PULMONARY ARTERY CATHETER

Q.107

107. WHICH TYPE OF STIMULATION FINDS OUT THE DEEPER PLANE OF NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKADE ?

POST TETANIC FACILITATION (PTP)

Q.108

DEBONO WHISTLE

IDENTIFY THIS INSTRUMENT

Q.109

109. WHY I.J.V CANNULATION ON LEFT SIDE IS NOT FAVOURED ?

• HIGHER PLEURAL DOME ON LEFT SIDE• THORACIC DUCT JOINING AT THE CONFLUENCE OF IJV AND SUBCLAVIAN VEIN

Q.110

110. WHICH TEST HAS TO BE PERFORMED BEFORE RADIAL ARTERY CANNULATION ?

MODIFIED ALLEN’S TEST

Q.111

111. NAME ANY TWO ETHER VAPORISERS

• BOYLER ETHER BOTTLE• OXFORD MINIATURE VAPORISER• COPPER KETTLE

Q.112

112. NAME TWO DISADVANTAGES OF USING EMERGENCY O2 FLUSH FREQUENTLY DURING MASK VENTILATION

• LIGHTENING OF ANAESTHESIA• GASTRIC INSUFFLATION

Q.113

113. WHAT IS THE HARDENING AGENT USED IN AMSORB ?

POLYVINYL PYRROLIDINE

Q.114

114. WHAT ARE THE PRINCIPLE CONSTITUENTS OF SODALIME ?

The main components of soda lime are

Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 (about 75%)Water, H2O (about 20%)Sodium hydroxide, NaOH (about 3%)Potassium hydroxide, KOH (about 1%).

Q.115

115. NAME ANY 2 INDICATORS USED IN SODALIME

ETHYL VIOLET – WHITE TO VIOLETTITAN YELLOW – PINK TO WHITE

Q.116

116. WHAT IS THE FLOW RATE DELIVERED BY EMERGENCY OXYGEN FLUSH ?

60 LIT / MIN

Q.117

117. WHEN WILL YOU FILL THE ETT CUFF WITH SALINE ?

DURING LASER SURGERIES IN THE UPPER AIRWAY

Q.118

118. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY STREAM LINED CUFF ?

THE CONNECTION TUBE BETWEEN PILOT BALLOONAND THE CUFF BEING EMBEDDED IN THE WALL OF THE ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE.

Q.119

119. HOW MANY M.L OF GAS WILL GET EVOPORATED FROM 1 M.L OF LIQUID OXYGEN?

850 M.L

Q.120

120. WHAT IS THE INDUCTION DOSE (%) OF ETHER ?

15 -20 %

Q.121

121. WHAT IS THE PROPER NAME OF APL VALVE IN THE MAGILLS’ CIRCUIT ?

HEIDBRINKS’ VALVE

Q.122

122. WHAT IS THE ADVANTAGE OF HAVING 2 STAGE REGULATORS IN THE MANIFOLD ROOM ?

IT DECREASES THE WEAR AND TEAR OF THE DIAPHRAGM OF THE PRESSURE REGULATORS.

Q.123

123. WHAT IS THE PRESERVATIVE USED IN THE HALOTHANE LIQUID ?

THYMOL

Q.124

124. WHICH GAS FROM THE CYLINDER DOESN’T HAVE A PRESSURE REGULATOR FOR ITS PRESSURE REDUCTION ?

CYCLOPROPANE

Q.125

125. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF TRILENE LOCK ?

IT PREVENTS THE TRILENE BEING GIVEN THROUGH THE CLOSED CIRCUIT WITHSODA LIME ABSORBER.

Q.126

126. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY “PEAKING OF SODALIME” ?

EXHAUSTED SODALIME REGAINING ITS ORIGINAL COLOUR ON RESTING IS CALLED PEAKING.

Q.127

127. WHICH MATERIAL IS INCORPORATED IN THE FLOW METER TO REDUCE THE ACCUMULATION OF STATIC ELECTRICITY ?

TIN OXIDE

Q.128

128. WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF THE UNI-DIRECTIONAL VALVE MALFUNCTION IN THE CLOSED CIRCUIT ?

REBREATHING OCCURS

Q.129

129. WHICH EFFECT IS DANGEROUS ? PUMPING OR PRESSURING EFFECT ?

PUMPING EFFECT

Q.130

130. WHAT IS THE BEST CIRCUIT FOR SPONTANEOUS VENTILATION AMONG “ABCDEF” ?

MAPLESON A

Q.131

131. WHAT SHOULD BE THE FLOW RATE FOR CONTROLLED VENTILATION IN A BAIN CIRCUIT ?

100 – 125 ml/kg

Q.132

132. NAME ANY 3 BREATHING CIRCUITS WHICH CAN BE USED FOR BOTH SPONTANEOUS AND CONTROLLED VENTILATION EFFECTIVELY ?

• BAIN CIRCUIT• AYRES T PIECE• HUMPHREY ADE CIRCUIT

Q.133

133. WHY ARE THE RUBBER BREATHING CIRCUITS LOOKING BLACK ?

THEY ARE LOOKING BLACK BECAUSE OF CARBON BEING INCORPORATED FOR MAKING IT ANTISTATIC.

Q.134

134. HOW IS TRANSFILLING OF CYLINDERS AVOIDED ?

BY INCORPORATING AN ONE WAY VALVE BETWEEN THE CYLINDER VALVE AND PRESSURE REGULATOR.

Q.135

135. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY “YOKE PLUG” ?

IT’S A BULLET LIKE INSTRUMENT WHICH IS USED TO KEEP THE EMPTY YOKE ASSEMBLYFREE OF DUST IF CYLINDER IS NOT FILLED.

YOKE PLUG

Q.136

136. IN WHICH INSTRUMENT “LAZY TONGS” IS ONE OF THE COMPONENT ?

ADAM’S PRESSURE REGULATOR

LAZY TONGS

ADAMS PRESSURE REGULATOR

Q.137

137. NAME ANY 3 TYPES OF FLOW METER BOBBINS

• H TYPE• PLUMB BOB• BALL TYPE

Q.138

138. WHERE WILL YOU TAKE THE READING IN A BALL TYPE OF FLOW METER BOBBIN ?

IN THE CENTRE OF THE BALL

Q.139

139. WHICH PHYSICAL LAW HELPS TO FIND OUT THE CONTENTS OF N2O CYLINDER ?

AVAGADRO’S HYPOTHESIS

Q.140

140. NAME THE PART OF THE BOYLE’S APPARATUS WHERE ADIABATIC COMPRESSION OF THE GASES OCCUR

PRESSURE GAUGE AND PRESSURE REGULATOR

Q.141

141.WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY POYNTING EFFECT?

The Poynting effect generally refers to the change in the vapour pressure of a liquid when a non-condensable gas is mixed with the vapour at saturated conditions.

Q.142

142. WHAT IS THE PRESSURE INSIDE THE ENTONOX CYLINDER ?

2000 psi

Q.143

143. WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SATURATED VAPOUR PRESSURE AND THE BOILING POINT OF A VOLATILE LIQUID ?

WHEN THE SATURATED VAPOUR PRESSURE OF ALIQUID EQUALS THE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, THAT LIQUID WILL START BOILING.

Q.144

144. WHEN CAN AIR DILUTION OCCUR IN AN AYRE’S T PIECE ?

WHEN THE LENGTH OF THE EXPIRATORY LIMB IS SHORTER AND ITS CAPACITY LESSER THAN THEPATIENTS TIDAL VOLUME, AIR DILUTION CAN OCCUR.

Q.145

145.WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM % OF HALOTHANEDELIVERED BY GOLDMAN VAPORISER?

2.5 -3 %

Q.146

146. WHAT IS THE PRESERVATIVE ADDED TO ISOFLURANE LIQUID ?

NO PRESERVATIVE

Q.147

147. WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM ACCEPTED CONCENTRATION OF N2O IN THE OPERATING ROOM ?

25 ppm

Q.148

148. HOW IS CO2 ELIMINATED IN THE I.C.U VENTILATOR?

BY EMPLOYING NON-REBREATHING VALVE

Q.149

149. WHAT IS THE FLOW RATE REQUIRED FOR MAPLESON A SYSTEM TO PREVENT REBREATHING DURING SPONTANEOUS VENTILATION ?

70 ml/kg/min

Q.150

IDENTIFY THIS DEVICE

CRICOID CARTILAGE COMPRESSION DEVICE

Q.151

151. INCREASING THE LENGTH OF THE TUBING DOES NOT AFFECT THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE BAIN BREATHING SYSTEM. TRUE OR FALSE ?

TRUE

Q.152

152. NAME ANY 2 DISADVANTAGES OF FLEXOMETALLIC TUBE

• ALWAYS NEEDS A STYLET• NASOTRACHEAL INTUBATION IS DIFFICULT

Q.153

153. WHY THE BRONCHIAL CUFF IN A DOUBLE LUMEN TUBE IS COLOURED BLUE ?

TO IDENTIFY THE BRONCHIAL CUFF WITH FIBRE-OPTIC BRONCHOSCOPE DURING ENDOSCOPIC CONFIRMATION OF ITS POSITION.

Q.154

154. WHAT IS THE INTERNAL DIAMETER OF THE 5 SIZE L.M.A ?

11.5 mm

Q.155

155. IN THE CLOSED CIRCUIT, UPTO WHICH POINT THE DEAD SPACE EXTENDS ?

UP TO THE SWIVEL MOUNT

Q.156

156. WHERE WILL YOU PLACE THE ECG LEADS IN CM5 MONITORING ?

• RT ARM ELECTRODE ON MANUBRIUM• LT ARM ELECTRODE IN THE 5TH INTERCOASTAL SPACE IN THE ANTERIOR AXILLARY LINE.

Q.157

157. WHAT ARE THE PURPOSES OF THE CURVED BEVEL OF THE TUOHY EPIDURAL NEEDLE ?

• TO DIRECT THE EPIDURAL CATHETER INTO THE EPIDURAL SPACE• NOT TO INJURE THE DURA

Q.158

158. NAME ANY 2 PENCIL POINTED SPINAL NEEDLES

• WHITACRE• SPROTTE

Q.159

159. NAME ANY 2 REASONS FOR THE PRESENCE OF CORRUGATION IN BREATHING HOSES

• RESISTANCE TO KINKING • TO INCREASE THE SURFACE AREA FOR WARMING UP OF THE DRY COLD FRESH GAS

Q.160

160. NAME ANY 2 INFLAMMABLE ANAESTHETIC AGENT

• ETHER• CYCLOPROPANE

Q.161

161. NAME ANY 2 STEPS TO MAKE THE EPIDURAL CATHETER FREELY GO INTO THE EPIDURAL SPACE

• BEND THE PATIENT LITTLE MORE• INJECTING 2ml OF SALINE/LOCAL ANAESTHETIC• ROTATING THE NEEDLE GENTLY AFTER TAKING OUT THE CATHETER• RELOCATING THE SPACE

Q.162

162. WHICH NERVE ROOT HAS TO BE TESTED AFTER EPIDURAL TEST DOSE TO RULE OUT SUBARCHNOID INJECTION ?

S1

Q.163

163. WHAT DOES THE YELLOW LINE IN THE BLACK RUBBER BREATHING HOSES INDICATE?

THEY ARE MADE ANTI-STATIC

Q.164

164. NAME THE 2 MOST IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS OF THE RESERVOIR BAG IN THE MAPLESON CIRCUITS

• TO VENTILATE THE INDIVIDUAL• TO PROVIDE THE PEAK INSPIRATORY FLOW RATE

Q.165

165. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY STOICHIOMETRIC CONCENTRATION ?

AT A CONCENTRATION IN WHICH BOTH FUEL AND OXYGEN IS COMPLETELY BURNT OUT LEAVING NO RESIDUAL MOLECULES

Q.166

166. NAME THE TOXIC SUBSTANCE FORMED WHEN TRILENE REACTS WITH SODA LIME.

• PHOSGENE• DICHLOROACETYLENE

Q.167

167. NAME ONE MORE ANAESTHETIC WHICH FORMS TOXIC MATERIAL WITH SODA LIME APART FROM TRILINE

SEVOFLURANE

Q.168

168. WHICH IS THE VOLATILE ANAESTHETIC WITH THE HIGHEST BOILING POINT ?

METHOXYFLURANE

Q.169

169. WHAT IS THE COLOUR OF DESFLURANE VAPORISER ?

BLUE

DESFLURANE VAPORIZER

Q.170

BORDON PRESSURE GAUGE

NAME THE PART OF BOYLES APPARATUSWHICH IS BASED ON THIS TOY’S PHYSICAL PRINCIPLE

Q.171

171. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY LANZ CUFF ?

IT COMPRISES OF A LATEX PILOT BALLON INSIDE ATRANSPARENT PLASTIC SHEATH AND HAS A PRESSURE REGULATING VALVE BETWEEN THE BALLOON AND THE CUFF. THE PILOT BALLOON IS DESIGNED TO MAINTAIN AN INTRA CUFF PRESSURE OF 20-25 mm.

Q.172

172. HOW WILL YOU IDENTIFY THE RIGHT SIDE DLT ?

1. BY HOLDING THE TUBE WITH TRACHEAL CONCAVITY UPSIDE, THE BRONCHIAL TUBE FACES RIGHT SIDE.2. BY THE PRESENCE OF A SIDE LUMEN IN THE BRONCHIAL CUFF FOR THE UPPER LOBE BRONCHUS.

Q.173

173. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY “FORWARD CREEP” IN A NON-REBREATHING VALVE ?

ESCAPE OF INSPIRATORY GAS THROUGH THE EXHALATION PORT WITHOUT GOING TO THE PATIENT.

Q.174

174. WHAT IS THE MAXIMAL FLOW RATE THROUGH A GREY COLOUR VENOUS CANNULA ? (16 G)

236 ml/min

Q.175

175. WHAT IS THE MAIN SIDE EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS SPINAL ANAESTHESIA?

ADHESIVE ARACHNOIDITIS

PHOTO GALLERY

Q.176

WHICH ANAESTHETIC AGENT IS INCRIMINATED IN THEDEATH OF THIS BEAUTIFUL GIRL?

CHLOROFORM

Q-177IDENTIFY THIS INSTRUMENT

BULLARD LARYNGOSCOPE

Q-178WHAT ARE THEY?

MAGILL’S ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE CONNECTORS

Q-179

IDENTIFY THE ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE:

OXFORD TUBE

Q-180

IDENTIFY THIS TYPE OF FACE MASK?

RENDALL-BAKER-SOUCEK MASK

Q-181

IDENTIFY THIS VAPORISER

OXFORD-MINIATUREVAPORISER

Q-182

ARRANGE IN ASCENDING ORDER AS PER BOILING POINT

12.2 C22.8C

34.6C

50.2C87.2C

BOILING POINTS IN ASCENDING ORDER

Q-183

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THIS CONNECTION?

DIAMETER INDEXED SAFETY SYSTEM –D.I.S.S

Q-184

WHICH PHYSICAL PRINCIPLE IS DEMONSTRATED HERE?

WATER TAP

WATER FLOW

SPOON

COANDA EFFECT

Q-185

IDENTIFY THE LAW

DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE

Q-186

WHICH DRUG IS ASSOCIATED WITH THIS INCIDENT?

CHLOROFORM

Q-187 IDENTIFY THIS INSTRUMENT

JUNKER’S INHALER

Q-188WE ARE ALSO USING THE SAME DRUG AS THIS PERSON WITH HIS BLOW GUN..

CURARE

Q-189WHAT IS NAME OF THIS TUBER? WHAT IS THEACTIVE ALKALOID?

MANDRAGORAHYOSCINE

TRIBUTE TO THIS MAN…

WHO IS HE..?

HENRY EDMUND GASKIN BOYLE

THANK YOU

dr.r.selvakumar