World History

Unit 5

Chapter 6

World History

Unit 5

Chapter 6

ROME “All Roads Lead There”

#29

Senatus Populusque Romanus

The Geography of Rome

The Geography of RomeWhy did the Greatest Empire the

World has ever seen start here?

Geography plays a role in Empire

”Perfect Location”1. Isolated

- Alps to the North -The Apennine Mts.

“Spine of Italy”

- city of the seven hills- 15 miles from the

coast along the Tiber River

2. Rich Soil- grains to harvest &

trade3. Access to the Sea

“Mare Nastran”

3

Roman GeographyRome is located:

-On the banks of the Tiber River-On and around seven hills

4

Why would this geographic location be an advantage?

The Seven Hills

Mare Nostrum (Latin for Our Sea)

The Mythical Founding of Rome:

Romulus & Remus

The Mythical Founding of Rome:

Romulus & Remus

The Struggle for Rome• 753 BCE - founding• Romulus and Remus

founded the city• Raised by a wolf• mother – Latin(Rhea) • father - War God Mars• (Latins)Romans believed

they had a divine origin• Fight to the Death• Romulus Picked a good

spot by the 7 Hills

Connection with Greece : Founding by Aeneas

• Fled Troy during the Illiad

• Then Settled Rome• The Aeneid –

written by Virgil

Early Civilization-Italy was originally occupied by many different groups of people

-Two main groups 1) Greek Colonists 2) The Etruscans

-The Etruscans ruled much of central Italy and Rome itself

-Ancestors of the Romans, the Latins(Indo-European) settled in the area that is now Rome around 800 B.C.

9

Etruscans Take over the Latin's

• By 600’s BCE• Taught the Latin’s :

1. Encouraged Trade

2. The Use of the Arch

Influence of the Etruscans

Influence of the Etruscans Writing Religion The Arch Encouraged

Trade

Etruscan Rule

• King – Senate{Latin Nobles}

who advised the King

These hardworking Latin Farmers wanted their independence

Roman Republic509-27 BCE

• Overthrew Last Etruscan King in 509 BCE

- Tarquinius Superbus• Republic – Elected officials Govern w/ Rule of Law

- hated the Idea of a king

- hero: Cincinnatus / The George Washington of the Romans

• 2 groups of Citizens – Patricians & Plebeians

Republican GovernmentRepublican Government2 Consuls

(Rulers of Rome)

Senate (Representative body for

patricians)- Wealthy Aristocrats- Had all the rights at first

(later this is added)

Tribal Assembly (Representative body for

plebeians)- commoners / tradesmen & small

farmers

Structure of the Republic

- Patricians= landholding upper class

- Plebeians= farmers, merchants, artisans, traders

- Senate= governing body

- Consuls= two patricians

- Dictator= in charge in the event of a war for six months

- The Twelve Tables – Written Const.

Patricians

Plebeians

Religion-Romans were Polytheistic-they believed in many gods

-Many of the gods were adapted from the Greek godsGreek God Roman God

Zeus-ruler of all gods Jupiter-ruler of all gods

Hera-wife of Zeus, protected marriage

Juno-wife of Jupiter, protected marriage

Poseidon-god of the sea Neptune-god of the sea

- Roman calendar is full of feasts and celebrations to honor the gods and goddesses

- Temples for worship to ask for divine assistance

The Republic Begins to Expand

• By 265 BCE – Romans control entire Italian Peninsula

- Etruscans Defeated

- Greek Cities Defeated

• Began to look outside of Italy• Subjected Peoples

1. Forfeit independent Foreign Policy

2. Provide Troops to ArmyOtherwise they didn’t force changes in customs/religion

The Roman Army• All Citizens who Owned Property

ages 17-46• Phalanx until 300’s BCE• Gaul's had sacked and Burned

Rome in 390 BCE• Developed Legion System• Highly Disciplined & Well Trained• Shield & Thrusting Sword• Became unbeatable in battle

The Roman Legion

The Immovable Force• Maniples – small elastic groups of soldiers

• Cohorts – 600 men / 10 per legion• Legion – 6,000 men

- its own miniature army

(infantry/ cavalry /archers/ ballistics) Roman had over 30 legions at its height

CommandersField Officers – Centurions

Legions were led by Politicians

The Turtle

Final Exam• Term I – Final Exam – 250 pts

Multiple Choice – 90

Fill in Blank - 40

Matching / Religions - 15

True & False - 50

Map/pick 15 of 20 15

(Regions / Cities / Physical Features)

* Rome – Matching

(People & Terms) 40

Notebook – 250 pts

Assignment

Rome’s Perfect Location & Punic Wars

- Due ___________

Who is Fran Tarkington???????

The Punic Wars

• Latin Word for “Phoenician”

Rome v Carthage• Rome – Looking to extend power

into the Mediterranean• Carthage – Feared their trade

would be threatened

Carthaginian Empire

Carthaginian Empire

1st Punic War 264-241 BCE

Sicily is the Prize /Strait of Messina

Roman Ingenuity• Rome’s strong army• Carthage’s strong navy • Romans are losing hundreds of ships• Devise a way to fight land battles at sea

- practical thinkers• Sicily becomes their 1st Province

The Boarding Bridge“Crow”

2nd Punic War 219-202 BCE

• “Rome v The Man”• Hannibal• Father Taught him to

hate the Romans• Plan - Attack Rome

- Sagenta (spain)

Crossed the Alps

- Cannae (italy)

Defeated the Romans but couldn’t destroy Rome

Crossing the Alps

Hannibal’s RouteHannibal’s Route

Hannibal is Defeated

• Roman’s make Fabius Maximus – Dictator

- employed hit & run tactics

- never all out battle

- attack supply routes in Spain• Hannibal ravages the countryside – 10yrs• Romans open a 2nd front /Invade Carthage

- Hannibal retreats to defend home• Battle of Zama – 202 BCE

- Gen. Scipio defeats the Carthaginians

2nd Punic War

Peace Terms

1. Carthage must give up Navy

2. Pay annual Tribute to Rome

3. Surrender holdings on Iberian Pen.

- Carthage is not Destroyed

Many Romans Call for Destruction

Iraq “Gulf War” 1990

Iraq Invaded again 2003

3rd Punic War149-146 BCE

• Romans Siege Carthage-Surrender

1. Enslaved entire Population

2. Burn the City to the Ground

3. Sewed the Fields with Salt

Roman Legions make more gains

1. Macedonia

2. Greece3. Egypt(allied)

By 133 BCE – Imperial Republic spread across the Med.

The Punic Wars

-Rome fought Carthage in three wars from 264 B.C. to 146 B.C. (118 years!)

-ResultsCarthage was completely destroyed and Rome gained all their territory

39

END

Assignment

• p. 184 – Questions

Terms & Names # 1 - 8

Main Ideas # 9 – 18

Critical Thinking # 1- 4

• Study Guide for Extra Credit

The Roman ForumThe Roman Forum

Rome’s Early Road System

Rome’s Early Road System

Roman Roads: The Appian WayRoman Roads: The Appian Way

Roman AqueductsRoman Aqueducts

The Roman ColosseumThe Roman Colosseum

The Colosseum Interior

The Colosseum Interior

Circus MaximusCircus Maximus