Ancient Greece Geographic Features Influencing Greek Development The Sea Peninsula within easy...
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Transcript of Ancient Greece Geographic Features Influencing Greek Development The Sea Peninsula within easy...
Ancient GreeceGeographic Features Influencing Greek Development
•The Sea•Peninsula within easy sailing distance from Egypt and the Fertile Crescent •Many Greeks became merchants and traders
•Insufficient farmland and natural resources•Established colonies on shores of Mediterranean
•Mountains•Enclosed fertile valleys that were isolated•Transportation over mountains were hazardous•Allowed for many city-states that were independent•Lack of unity in Greece
•Climate•Mild climate allowed for much outdoor activity including sports and civic life
Crete
Minoans2000-1400 BCE
Minotaur
Palace at Knossos
Throne Room and Store Room
Linear A and Linear B
Myceneans2000-1200 BCE
Dorians1100-700’s BCE
Homer
Iliad
Odyssey
Hellenic Period(Classical Greece)
700’s-336 BCE“Rise of the Greek city-states”
The agora
Sparta vs. Athens
Athens vs. Sparta• Descendants of the
Mycenaeans
• Attica peninsula
• Intellectual education– rhetoric
• Economy– Agriculture-grapes and olives
– Merchants and artisans
– Coins
• Descendants of Dorians
• Peloponnesus peninsula
• Physical Education– Boxing
– gymnastics
• Economy– Agricultural
– Iron
– Lagged
Phalanx
SPARTASPARTA
Helots Messenians enslaved by the Spartans.
Hoplite: citizen soldier (Spartan)
Athens
• Masters of strategy
• Masters of naval warfare.
• Trireme
Persians
• Known for their archery skills.
• Xerxes still holds a grudge for the Greek defeat of his father Darius
Greco-Persian Wars500-479 BCE
Battle of Marathon
Battle of Salamis
Battle Thermopylae
Xerxes (Persian)
Themistocles (Athenian)
King Leonidas (Spartan)
Herodotus
“300”• Thermopylae today. In 480 BCE the coast would
have been where the road is today.
Golden Age of Athens
Athens’ Road to Democracy
Draco: First law giver, although associated with
harsh laws
Solon: reforms Draco’s laws. Beginning of moral
law/democracy.
Cleisthenes:
“Father of Democracy”. Creates a type of legislature to make laws for the people. "To advise according to the laws what was best for the people".
Ostracon.
• The height of Greece’s intellectual accomplishments and economic productivity
• 460 BCE – 429 BCE
Pericles and the Golden Age of AthensPericles and the Golden Age of Athens
Public officials now paid so even the Public officials now paid so even the poorest citizen could participate if poorest citizen could participate if electedelected
The Parthenon at the Acropolis
Phidias’ AcropolisPhidias’ Acropolis
The Acropolis TodayThe Acropolis Today
The AgoraThe Agora
The ancient Greeks invented three types of columns.
The Doric style is the most plain.
The Ionic design is famous for its scrolls.
The Corinthian style is quite fancy.
PhidiasStatue of Athena
30 feet tall
Made of gold and ivory
The Classical Greek “Ideal”
The Classical Greek “Ideal”
Portray ideal beauty and proportion…not realism.
Graceful, strong, and perfectly formed
OlympiaOlympiaSite of first Olympic games
The Ancient Olympics:
Athletes & Trainers
The Ancient Olympics:
Athletes & Trainers
A section of the stone starting line at Olympia, which has a groove for each foot
Science and MathScience and Math
Pythagoras: Pythagorean theorem in geometry
Hippocrates: Greek physician, father of medicine
HistoriansHistorians
Herodotus—Father of History– Arranged his accounts from what he was told into a
narrative (history)– Detailed account of Persian War– Best source of information about Persian Empire and
Greece
Thucydides– Human aspects of history– History of Peloponnesian War (Athens vs. Sparta)– Rejected idea that deities played role in human history– Eyewitness accounts, evidence
Drama and Drama and TheaterTheater
Festival of Dionysus• Greek theatre began as
religious rites paying homage to Dionysus
• Dionysus = god of Wine and Fertility
• Dancing and singing hymns
Comedies (humorous)• Mocked people and
ideas
• Aristophanes—first anti-war play
Tragedies (serious drama)– Sophocles-Oedipus
the King
– Euripedes-Medea
Greek Masks
voice amplification and anonymity (anonymous)
PhilosophyPhilosophy• Philosophers: “Lovers of wisdom”• Logic and reason to understand the universe
• Sophists— “man is the measure of all things” …questioned existence and Greek Gods
VSVS.• Socrates—absolute truth and standards exist
– Examine your beliefs– Socratic Method/Questioning
• allows student to arrive at own conclusions
• goal to realize perfect ethics / ethical behavior
Peloponnesian War431-404 BCE
Delian League
Vs.
Peloponnesian League.
Outcome:
• After almost 25 years of battle, Athens surrenders, but there is no real winner. Sparta has no money, has no real system of rule, and “things fall apart”.
• The Peloponnesian War reshaped the ancient Greek world. The economic costs of the war were felt all across Greece; poverty became widespread in the Peloponnese, while Athens found itself completely devastated, and never regained its pre-war prosperity
• Someone is going to have to “save the day”…..
… and his son Alexander the Great.