Anbeshi 2069

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i

"cGj]ifL"dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf]

ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg

@)^(

cf]/]s g]kfn

afns'df/L, nlntk'/

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ii

"cGj]ifL"

dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf]

ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg

@)^(© cf]/]s g]kfn

o; k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z ePsf ljifoj:t'x¿ dlxnf lx+;f cGTosf nflu ul/g] s'g} klg cleofgsf] k|of]hgsf] lglDt ;|f]t v'nfO{ k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

n]vs M ;+lhtf ltlD;gf;Nnfxsf/ M 8f= /]0f' /fhe08f/L;Dkfbg M 8f= ljgfos /fhe08f/LtYofÍ k|zf]wg M k|ljgf t08'sf/cfj/0f÷n]cfp6 M /d]z e08f/L÷ s[i0ff rf}w/Ld'b|0f M Soflk6n sDKo'6/ Nof08 k|f=ln= cfly{s ;xof]u M ldh]l/o/, hd{gL

k|sfzs M cf]/]s g]kfn kf]=a=g+= !#@##, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn Email: [email protected]

Website: www.worecnepal.org

ISBN: 9789937256728

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dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^(

ljifo;"rLcfef/ 12b'O{ zAb 14sfo{ut kl/efiff 17sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z 21

kl/R5]b !M kl/ro 27!=! k[i7e"ld 28!=@ cWoogsf] ;Ldf 38!=# cWoog ljlw 39

kl/R5]b @ M k|fKt kl/0ffdx¿ / ljZn]if0f 40@ dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf cj:yf / ljZn]if0f 41@=! lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] If]qut l:ylt 41@=@ dlxnf lx+;fsf k|sf/x¿ 43@=# dlxnf lx+;f / pd]/ 45@=$ dlxnf lx+;f / lzIff 47@=^ k|efljtsf] hflt 52@=& k|efljt / kL8saLrdf /x]sf] ;DaGw 53@=* k|efljtsf] k]zf 54@=( lx+;fsf sf/0f dlxnfx¿dfly k/]sf] c;/ 56

kl/R5]b # M 3/]n' lx+;f 58#=! dlxnf / 3/]n' lx+;f 59#=@ 3/]n' lx+;fleqsf :j¿kx¿ 60#=# 3/]n' lx+;fsf k|sf/x¿ 62

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#=$ 3/]n' lx+;fsf kL8ssf k|sf/ 62#=% k|efljtsf] j}jflxs cj:yf 63#=^ k|efljtsf] pd]/ / 3/]n' lx+;f 64#=& k|efljtsf] lzIffsf] :t/ / 3/]n' lx+;f 64#=* k|efljtsf] hft / 3/]n' lx+;f 66#=( k|efljtsf] k]zf / 3/]n' lx+;f 67#=!) k|efljtnfO{ k/]sf] c;/ 67

kl/R5]b $ M ;fdflhs lx+;f 71$=! dlxnf / ;fdflhs lx+;f 72$=@ dlxnfdfly ;fdflhs ¿kdf ePsf lx+;fsf :j¿kx¿ 75$=# ;fdflhs lx+;fsf kL8ssf k|sf/x¿ 75$=$ k|efljtsf] j}jflxs cj:yf 76$=% k|efljtsf] pd]/ / ;fdflhs lx+;f 76$=* k|efljtsf] k]zf / ;fdflhs lx+;f 79$=( ;fdflhs lx+;fsf sf/0f k|efljtdf k/]sf] c;/ 80

kl/R5]b % M anfTsf/ 84%=! anfTsf/ 85%=@ anfTsf/sf kL8ssf k|sf/ 87%=# k|efljtsf] j}jflxs cj:yf 88%=$ anfTsf/af6 k|efljtsf] pd]/ 88%=% anfTsf/af6 k|efljtsf] z}lIfs cj:yf 89%=^ k|efljtsf] hflt 89%=& k|efljtsf] k]zf 91%=* anfTsf/af6 k|efljtdf k/]sf] c;/ 91

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kl/R5]b ^ M of}lgs lx+;f 95^=! of}lgs lx+;f 96^=@ k|efljtsf] pd]/ / of}lgs lx+;f 97^=# of}lgs lx+;fsf kL8ssf k|sf/ 97^=$ k|efljtsf] j}jflxs cj:yf 98^=% k|efljtsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf 99^=^ k|efljtsf] hflt 100^=& k|efljtsf] k]zf 101^=* k|efljtnfO{ k/]sf c;/x¿ 101

kl/R5]b & M xTof 104&=! xTof 105&=@ k|efljtsf] pd]/ / xTof 106&=$ k|efljtsf] j}jflxs cj:yf 107&=% k|efljtsf] z}lIfs :t/ / xTof 108&=^ k|efljtsf] hftL / xTof 109&=& k|efljtsf] k]zf / xTof 110

kl/R5]b * M dfgj a]rlavg÷cf];f/k;f/ 112*=! dfgj a]rlavg÷cf];f/k;f/ 113*=@ k|efljtsf] pd]/ / a]rlavg÷cf];f/k;f/ 115*=# k|efljt / kL8ssf] ;DaGw 115*=$ k|efljtsf] j}jflxs cj:yf 117*=% k|efljtsf] z}lIfs cj:yf 117*=^ k|efljtsf] hflt 119*=& k|efljtsf] k]zf 119*=* k|efljtnfO{ k/]sf] c;/x¿ 120

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kl/R5]b ( M kL8ssf] k[i7e"ld 123(=! kL8ssf] k[i7e"ld 124(=@ kL8ssf] pd]/ 124(=# kL8ssf] n}lËs ljj/0f 126(=$ kL8ssf] z}lIfs cj:yf 127(=% kL8ssf] j}jflxs cj:yf 129(=^ kL8ssf] k]zf 130

kl/R5]b !) M k|efljtnfO{ ul/Psf] ;xof]u 132!)=! k|efljtsf] :jf:Yo kl/If0f 133!)=@ k|efljtnfO{ ul/Psf] ;xof]usf] ljj/0f 134

kl/R5]b !! M ;~rf/ cg'udg 138;~rf/ cg'udgaf6 k|fKt dlxnf lx+;fsf] tYo 139

kl/R5]b !@ M lgisif{ / ;'emfjx¿ 144

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lrqx¿sf] ;"rL

rf6{ g+= ! dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx?sf] If]qut l:ylt 41 rf6{ g+= @ dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf k|sf/x? 43

rf6{ g+= # dlxnfsf] pd]/ cg';f/ lx+;fsf] kl/0ffd 45

rf6{ g++=$ dlxnfsf] z}lIfs cj:yfsf cfwf/df lx+;fsf kl/0fdx¿ 48

rf6{ g++=% dlxnfsf] ;fIf/tfsf] cj:yfsf cfwf/df lx+;fsf kl/0fdx¿ 48

rf6{ g+= ^ dlxnfsf] j} jflxs l:ylt / lx+;fsf] kl/ 0ffd 50

rf6{ g+= & dlxnfsf] hftLo ljj/0f / lx+;fsf] kl/0ffd 52

rf6{ g+=* dlxnfsf] j}jflxs l:ylt / lx+;fsf] kl/0ffd 53

rf6{ g+= ( dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f / k]zf 54

rf6{ g+= !) dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf sf/0f dlxnfdf k/]sf c;/x¿ 56

rf6{ g+= !! dlxnfdfly ePsf 3/]n' lx+;fsf 36gfx¿ k|ltztdf 63

rf6{ g+= !@ 3/ ] n' lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿ / kL8ssf] ;DaGw 63

rf6{ g+= !# 3/]n' lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] j}jflxs cj:yf / lx+;fsf

kl/0ffdx¿ 64

rf6{ g+= !$ 3/]n' lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] pd]/sf cfwf/df lx+;fsf

kl/0ffdx¿ 65

rf6{ g+= !% 3/]n' lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] z}lIfs cj:yf / lx+;fsf

kl/0ffdx¿ 65

rf6{ g+= !^ 3/]n' lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] ;fIf/tfsf] cj:yf / lx+;fsf

kl/0ffdx¿ 66

rf6{ g+= !& 3/]n' lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] hfltut cj:yf / lx+;fsf

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kl/0ffdx¿ 66

rf6{ g+= !* 3/]n' lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] k]zf / lx+;fsf] cj:yf 67

rf6{ g+= !( 3/]n' lx+;faf6 k|efljt dlxnfx¿df k/]sf] c;/x¿ k|ltztdf 68

rf6{ g+=@) dlxnfdfly x'g] ;fdflhs lx+;fsf k|sf/x¿ 75

rf6{ g+= @! ;fdflhs lx+;fsf k|efljtx¿sf] kL8s;Fusf] ;DaGw 76

rf6{ g+= @@ ;fdflhs lx+;f k|efljtx¿sf] j}jflxs cj:yf 77

rf6{ g+= @# pd] / sf cfwf/ df dlxnfdfly ePsf] ;fdflhs lx+;fsf] cj:yf 77

rf6{ g+=@$ z}lIfs cj:yfsf cfwf/df dlxnfdfly ePsf] ;fdflhs lx+;f 78

rf6{ g+=@% lzIffsf] :t/sf cfwf/df dlxnfdfly ePsf] ;fdflhs lx+;f 78

rf6{ g+=@^ hfltut cfwf/df dlxnfdfly ePsf] ;fdflhs lx+;fsf] cj:yf 79

rf6{ g+=@& dlxnfsf] k]zf / ;fdflhs lx+;fsf] cj:yf 80

rf6{ g+=@* ;fdflhs lx+;fsf sf/ 0f k|efljtdf k/ ] sf c;/ x¿ 81

rf6{ g+= @( anfTsf/ k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] kL8s;Fusf] ;DaGw 87

rf6{ g+ #) anfTsf/ / k|efljtsf] j} jflxs cj:yf 88

rf6{ g+= #! anfTsf/ k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] pd]/sf cfwf/df lx+;fsf kl/0ffdx¿

89

rf6{ g+= #@ anfTsf/ k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] z}lIfs cj:yf / lx+;fsf kl/0ffdx¿

90

rf6{ g+= ## anfTsf/ k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] ;fIf/tfsf] cj:yf / lx+;fsf

kl/0ffdx¿ 90

rf6{ g+= #$ hfltut cfwf/df dlxnfdfly ePsf] ;fdflhs lx+;fsf] cj:yf 91

rf6{ g+= #% k|efljtsf] k]zf / anfTsf/sf 36gfx?sf] cj:yf 92

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rf6{ g+= #^ anfTsf/ af6 k|efljtdf k/ ] sf c;/ x? 92

rf6{ g+=#& pd] / sf cfwf/ df dlxnfdfly ePsf] of} lgs lx+;fsf] cj:yf 98

rf6{ g+= #* of} lgs lx+;faf6 k|efljtx¿sf] kL8s;Fusf] ;DaGw 98

rf6{ g+= #( k|efljtsf] j} jflxs cj:yf / of} lgs lx+;f 99

rf6{ g++=$) k|efljtsf] z} lIfs cj:yf / of} lgs lx+;fsf kl/ 0ffdx¿ 99

rf6{ g++=$! of} lgs lx+;faf6 k|efljtx¿ sf] ;fIf/ tfsf] cj:yf / of} lgs lx+;fsf

kl/ 0ffdx¿ 100

rf6{ g+= $@ k|efljtsf] hflt / of} lgs lx+;fsf kl/ 0ffx¿ 100

rf6{ g+= $# k|efljtsf] k] zf / of} lgs lx+;fsf kl/ 0ffdx¿ 101

rf6{ g+= $$ of} lgs lx+;faf6 k|efljtnfO} k/ ] sf c;/ x¿ 102

rf6{ g+= $% dlxnfsf] pd]/cg';f/ xTof cj:yf 106

rf6{ g+= $^ k|efljt / kL8ssf] lardf /x]sf] ;DaGw 107

rf6{ g+=$& k|efljtsf] j}jflxs l:yltsf cfwf/df xTof 108

rf6{ g+= $* k|efljtsf] z}lIfs cj:yfsf cfwf/df xTof 108

rf6{ g+= $( k|efljtsf] ;fIf/ tfsf] cj:yf / xTof 109

rf6{ g+= %) k|efljtsf] hfltut cj:yfsf cfwf/df xTof 109

rf6{ g+= %! k|efljtsf] k] zf / xTof 110

rf6{ g+= %@ a]rlavg÷cf];f/k;f/af6 k|efljtsf] pd]/ 116

rf6{ g+=%# a] rlavg÷cf] ;f/ k;f/ af6 k|efljtx¿ sf] kL8s;Fusf] ;DaGw 116

rf6{ g+= %$ a] rlavg÷cf] ;f/ k;f/ af6 k|efljtx¿ sf] j} jflxs cj:yf 117

rf6{ g+= %% a] rlavg÷cf] ;f/ k;f/ af6 k|efljtx¿ sf] z} lIfs cj:yf 118

rf6{ g+= %^ a] rlavg÷cf] ;f/ k;f/ af6 k|efljtx¿ sf] ;fIf/ tfsf] :t/ 118

rf6{ g+=%& a] rlavg÷cf] ;f/ k;f/ af6 k|efljtx¿ sf] hfltut ljj/ 0f 119

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rf6{ g+= %* k|efljtsf] k] zf / a] rlavg÷cf] ;f/ k;f/ sf] cj:yf 120

rf6{ g+= %( dfgj a] rlavg÷cf] ;f/ k;f/ af6 k|efljtdf k/ ] sf] c;/ x¿ 120

rf6{ g+ ^) kL8ssf] pd]/ ;d"x 124

rf6{ g+ ^! kL8ssf] n}lËs ljj/0f 126

rf6{ g+ ^@ kL8ssf] z}lIfs cj:yf 128

rf6{ g+= ^# kL8ssf] ;fIf/ tfsf] cj:yf 128

rf6{ g+ ^$ kL8ssf] j}jflxs cj:yf 129

rf6{ g+ ^% kL8ssf] k]zfsf] ljj/0f 130

rf6{ g+=^^ lx+;f kZrft\ :jf:Yo k/LIf0f l:ylt 133

rf6{ g+= ^& lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿ sf nflu ;+:yfn] o; jif{ u/]sf ;xof]usf]

ljj/0f k|ltztdf 137

rf6{ ^* kfFr ljsfz If]q / lx+;fsf] kl/0ffd 139

rf6{ g+ ^( dlxnf dfly ePsf lx+;fsf k|sf/x¿ -k|ltztdf _ 140

rf6{ g+= &) kfFr ljsfz If]q / lx+;fsf] kl/0ffd 140

rf6{ g+ &! dlxnf dfly ePsf ;fdflhs lx+;fsf k|sf/x¿ 141

rf6{ g+ &@ lx+;fsf] k|sf/ / kL8s;Fusf] ;DaGw 141

rf6{ g+ &# pd]/ ;d"x cg';f/ lx+;fsf] cj:yf 142

rf6{ g+ &$ kLl8tsf] hflt cg';f/ lx+;fsf] k|sf/ 142

rf6{ g+ &% k|efljtsf] a}jflxs cj:yf 143

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11


11

of] k':ts tof/ ug'{sf p2]Zox¿

cf] / ] s g] kfnn] ljut % jif{b] lv dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] clen] vLs/ 0fug{] sfo{ ub{} cfPsf] 5 . cf] / ] s g] kfnn] ljleGg / fli6«o b} lgs kqklqsfx¿df k|sflzt ePsf dlxnf lx+;f ;DalGw 36gfx¿sf] cg'udg u/ L dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] cGTosf nflu ;Dk'0f{ ;/ f] sf/ jfnfx¿nfO{ hjfkmb] lx / pQ/ bflo aGgsf nflu k} / jL ug{] p2] Zon] x/ ] s dlxgf dfl;s k|ltj] bg tof/ u/ L ;fj{hlgs ug{] sfo{ ub{} cfPsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} cf] / ] s g] kfnn] dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] cg'udg tyf :ynut e|d0f u/ L dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] oyfy{tfnfO{ ;~rf/ dfWoddf / cGtlqmof sfo{qmd dfkm{t ;do ;dodf ;fj{hlgs ub{} ;/ f] sf/ nfx¿sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/ fpg] sfo{ ;d] t ub{} cfPsf] 5 .

o;/ L dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] clen] vLs/ 0fu/ L To;sf] ljZn] if0ffTds cWoog ;lxtsf] jif{ k':ts tof/ ug'{sf p2] Zox¿ lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ M

• dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] l:yltsf] klxrfg u/ L dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;flj?å / fHonfO{ plrt sfg'g, lglt lgod, of] hgf lgdf{0f u/ L cfjZos ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug{ bafj lbg] tyf ;r] t u/ fpg] .

• lx+;faf6 k|efljtsf] Gofodf kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug{ cfjZos kg{] If] qx¿sf] klxrfg u/ L sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;/ sf/ nfO{ clkn ug{] .

• lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] Gofodf kx'Fr a[l4 ug{sf nflu pgLx¿sf] cfjZostf klxrfg u/ L ;xof] uL ;+oGqsf] ljsf; / To;df k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf] kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug{ k} / jL ug{] .

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1212

cfef/

dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] cGToljgf dlxnfclwsf/ sf] ;'lglZrttf x'g ;Qm} g . ;fdflhs Gofo, ;dfgtf / b] zdf lbuf] zflGtsf nflu dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] cGTo cfjZos 5 . o;y{ o; cj:Yffsf] cGTo ;Dk"0f{ dlxnf clwsf/ tyf dfgj clwsf/ sf If] qdf lqmofzLn JolQm, gful/ s ;dfhsf cu'jfx¿, / fhgLltsdL{x¿, ;+:yf / ;d"x ;a} sf] ;xsfo{af6 dfq} ;Dej 5 .

dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] jf:tljs oyfy{tf ha;Dd aflx/ cfpFb} g ta;Dd o;sf] ;dfwfgsf] af6f] klxNofpg ufx|f] x'G5 / o;sf] cGTosf nflu ul/Psf k|of;x¿ k|of;df dfq ;Lldt x'g k'Ub5g\ . o;y{ dlxnfdfly ePsf] lx+;fsf] cj:yfnfO{ lrq0f ug{] p2] Zon] dlxnflx+;f lj?åsf] cleofgdf lg/ Gt/ nflu/ xg] w] / } ;ª\3;+:yf, dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ sdL{x¿sf] ;+o'Qm k|of; xf] æcGj] ifLÆ sf] kfrf} + cª\s .

lkQ[;QfTds ;f] r xfaL / x] sf] ;dfhdf cfkm"dfly ePsf] lx+;flj?å af] Ng cem} klg dlxnfx¿nfO{ Tolt ;lhnf] 5} g . oBlk cfkm"dfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿ cGo dlxnfx¿n] ef] Ug' gk/ f] ;\ eGg] cfsf+ªIffsf ;fy cfkm"dfly ePsf] lx+;fsf] hfgsf/ L u/ fpg] ;fx; a6'Ng'x'g] ;Dk"0f{ g] kfnL dlxnfx¿k|lt cf] / ] s g] kfn ljz] if s[t1tf JoQm ub{5 . dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿ aflx/ NofpFbf dlxnfx¿n] ;'/ Iff / cGo hf] lvdx¿sf] ;d] t ;fdgf ug'{kg{] l:yltsf] l;h{gf x'g] ub{5 . oBlk ;d'bfo:t/ df lqmofzLn dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ / Ifsx¿n] cfkm"dfly kg{] hf] lvd / r'gf} ltsf] k|jfxljgf cfˆgf 3/ , l5d] s / lhNnfdf 36] sf dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿nfO{ aflx/ Nofpg ug'{ePsf] ;fx;, w} o{ / sfdsf] pRr ;Ddfg ub{} cfkm"n] clen] vg u/ ] sf 36gfx¿ cf] / ] s g] kfnsf] tYofÍ zfvfdf k7fpg' x'g] ;Dk'0f{ dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ / Ifsx¿k|lt xfdL ljz] if cfef/ k|s6 ug{ rfxG5f} + .

cf] / ] s g] kfnsf lhNnf sfof{nox¿df / x] / ;d'bfo:t/ af6 k|fKt dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿nfO{ b:tfj] hLs/ 0f ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg'x'g] df] / Ë zfvfsf zflGt bg'jf/ , pbok'/ zfvfsf / df du/ , l;/ xf zfvfsf x] df sfsL{, wg'iff zfvfsf k|d] z d08n, s} nfnL zfvfsf ljg' / f0ff, /

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13


13

bfË zfvfsf lx/ fdl0f rf} w/ LnfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5f} + .

o; k|ltj] bg tof/ ug{sf nflu tYofÍnfO{ ;dfof] hg, ljZn] if0f tyf lrqx¿sf] tof/ L / k|ltj] bg n] vg u/ L dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{] cf] / ] s g] kfnsL sfo{qmd ;+of] hs ;+lhtf ltlD;gfnfO{ cf] / ] s g] kfn cfef/ k|s6 ub{5 . o;sf ;fy} o; sfo{df ;3fp k'¥ofpg' x'g] tYofÍ zfvfsf k|lagf t08'sf/ nfO{ klg cf] / ] s g] kfn ljz] if wGojfb JoQm ub{5 . 36gf ;+sngdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' x'g] cf]/]s g]kfnsf snf /fO{, lglndf /fO{, lbkf l3ld/] tyf ljg' e'h]nnfO{ ;d]t wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}+ . ;xof]uo;} u/ L o; k':ts tof/ Lsf qmddf ;xof] u ug'{x'g] cf] / ] s g] kfnsf sfg'gL ;Nnfxsf/ clwjQmf bnaxfb'/ wfdLnfO{ klg ljz] if wGojfb lbg rfxG5f} + .

cf] / ] s g] kfnsf ;+:Yffks cWoIf 8f=/ ] 0f' / fhe08f/ LnfO{ o; k':tsnfO{ d"t{ ¿k lbgsf nflu pxfFn] k|bfg ug'{ePsf] ;'emfj, lgb{] zg tyf ;xof] uk|lt ;+:yf cfef/ k|s6 ub{5 .

cf] / ] s g] kfnsf k|fljlws ;Nnfxsf/ 8f= ljgfos / fhe08f/ LnfO{ cToGt} sd ;dodf klg ;Nnfx, ;'emfj / ;Dkfbg u/ L o; k':tssf] k|sfzgsf nflu dxTjk'0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ePsf] df ljz] if cfef/ k|s6 ub{5f} + . cfj/ 0f tyf ;fh;Hhf u/ L of] k|ltj] bgnfO{ cfsif{s agfpg ;xof] u ug'{ x'g] cf] / ]s g] kfnsf k|sfzg zfvfsf / d] z e08f/ L / s[i0ff rf} w/ LnfO{ ljz] if wGojfb glbO / xg ;lsb} g . ;fy} cGj]ifL d'b|0f ug'{ x'g] ljsf; Jof~h' tyf Soflk6n sDKo'6/ Nof08 k|f=ln=, eQmk'/ k|lt xfdL cfef/L 5f}+ .

dfly pNn] v ul/ Psf JolQmx¿afx] s klg cGo ljleGg JolQmx¿sf] ;xof] un] dfq of] k|ltj] bg tof/ ePsf] xf] . o; k':ts tof/ Lsf nflu k|ToIf / ck|ToIf ¿kn] ;3fpg' x'g] ;Dk"0f{ JolQmx¿nfO{ cf] / ] s g] kfn wGojfb lbb} xflb{s cfef/ k|s6 ug{ rfxG5 .

afa'/ fd uf} tdsfo{sf/ L lgb{] zs

cf] / ] s g] kfn

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b'O{ zAb

dlxnfdfly ePsf] lx+;fsf] jf:tljstf af/ ] df hfgsf/ L lbg] p2] Zn] tof/ kfl/ Psf] of] jif{ k':ts ÆcGj] ifLædlxnf cfGbf] ngsf nflu Ps dxTjk"0f{ k|sfzg xf] .

dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f ;dfhsf x/ ] s ;+/ rgfdf h/ f] uf8] / / x] sf] lkQ[;QfTds d"NodfGotf / ;f] rsf] kl/ 0ffd xf] . To;sf] kmn:j¿k jif{} lg xhf/ f} + g] kfnL dlxnfx¿ ljleGg lsl;dsf zf/ Ll/ s, dfgl;s, ;fdflhs / cfly{s ¿kdf lx+;f vKg afWo agfO{Psf 5g\ . dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f / ltgsf cfofd / kl/ df0fx¿n] clxn] dlxnfx¿ cfqmfGt ePsf 5g\ . dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fn] dlxnfsf] afFRg kfpg] clwsf/ , ;dfgtfsf] clwsf/ , oftgfd'Qm eO{ hLjg hLpg kfpg] clwsf/ , :jtGq / ;'/ lIft ¿kdf hLjg ofkg ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ , :j:y jftfj/ 0fsf] clwsf/ h:tf cfwf/ e"t dfgj clwsf/ sf] xgg\ u/ ] sf] 5 . 3/ b] lv ;fj{hlgs :yn;Dd ljleGg lx+;fx¿ a9\bf] s|ddf / x] sf] o; jif{ k':ts æcGj] ifLÆ n] b] vfPsf] 5 . o;n] dlxnfsf] zf/ Ll/ s / dfgl;s :Jff:Yodf, JolQmTjdf, cfTd;Ddfgdf, pTkfbgdf / kl/ jf/ df k|ToIf c;/ kf/ ] sf] 5 eg] b] zsf] ljsf;, pTkfbg / eljiosf ;Gtltx¿df ;d] t k|efj kfb{5 .

dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] cGTo lagf b] zdf ;fdflhs Gofo / lbuf] zflGtsf] :yfkg x'g ;Qm} g . dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] cGTo lagf b] zdf g t lbuf] zflGtsf] sNkgf ug{ ;lsG5 g t nf] stflGqs u0ftGq g} lbuf] x'g ;Qm5 . dlxnfdfly x'g] x/ ] s k|sf/ sf lx+;fx¿ ck/ fw xf] / of] dfgj clwsf/ sf] xgg\ xf] . JolQmut txb] lv gLltut tx;Dd / x] sf] lje] bk"0f{ Pjd\ lkQ[;QfTds d"NodfGotf, ;f] r / wf/ 0ff dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] sf/ s tTj xf] . jt{dfg ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts d"No / dfGotfsf] cf8df dlxnfdfly x'g] h:tf] ;'s} cdfgjLo / lje] bk"0f{ Jojxf/ nfO{ klg 9fs5f] k ug] { ul/ G5 . kmn:j¿k dlxnfsf] cfˆgf] z/ L/ dfly cfˆgf] lgoGq0f 5} g . of} g tyf k|hgg\ clwsf/ dlxnfnfO{ k|fKt x'g ;s] sf] 5} g .

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15

^$ k|ltzt dlxnfx¿ cfˆgf] 3/ leq cfkmGt} af6 kLl8t ePsf] o; jif{sf] cWoogn] b] vfPsf] 5 . cGt/ f{li6«o:t/ df dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf af/ ] df rrf{ ug{ yflnPsf] nfdf] ;do ePsf] ePtf klg dlxnf lx+;f cGTo ug{sf nflu ;/ sf/ nfO{ lhDd] jf/ agfpg] sfo{ eg] Tolt ;kmn b] lvGg . ;/ sf/ cGt/ f{li6«o:t/ df k|lta4 b] lvP klg b] zdf tL k|lta4tfx¿nfO{ Jojxf/ df ptfg{ c;kmn / x] sf] o; k':tsdf k|sflzt dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] ljZn] if0fn] b] vfpF5 . oBlk s] xL ;sf/ fTds sfdx¿ eg] gePsf xf] Ogg\ . 3/ ] n' lx+;f lj?4sf] P] g -@)^^_ / 3/ ] n' lx+;f lgodfjnL -@)^&_ tyf @)^& ;fnnfO{ æn} +lËs lx+;f lj?4sf] jif{Æ egL ul/ Psf] 3f] if0ffnfO{ log} pknlJwsf ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . g] kfnL dlxnfx¿sf] lg/ Gt/ bafj / k} / jL tyf dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ / Ifx¿sf] @$ lbg] ef] s x8tfn, æsfnf] k] l6sf] 6Æ k|bz{gL u/ L ul/ Psf] bafjd'ns sfo{qmdsf] pknlAwsf ¿kdf / x] sf oL sfg'g tyf gLltx¿ 3f] if0ff ePtf klg kLl8t dlxnfx¿n] ;xof] u / Gofo kfpg' cem} æcfsfz sf] kmn cfFvf t/ L d/ Æ ePsf] 5 . 3/ ] n' lx+;f lj?4sf] sfg'g cfPtf klg To;df ePsf q'l6x¿sf sf/ 0f To;nfO{ k|of] u u/ L Gofok|fKt ug] { cfwf/ lkmtnf] 5 . 3/ ] n' lx+;f lj?4sf] -ck'/ f] _ sfg'g tyf cGo sfg'gx¿sf] k|of] u u/ L ck/ fwLnfO{ s] xL xb;Dd ;hfo lbg ;lsg] cj:yf ePtf klg sfg'g sfof{Gjog ug] { lgsfoleq / x] sf] lkt[;QfTds d'No / dfGotfsf sf/ 0f w] / } dlxnfx¿n] o;sf] pkof] u ul/ Gofo kfPsf 5} gg\ . sfg'g sfof{Gjog ug] { txdf / x] sf JolQmx¿sf] ;f] r / Jojxf/ sf sf/ 0f w] / } dlxnfx¿ cfkm"dfly ePsf] lx+;f btf{ ug{ ;Sb} gg\ . btf{ u/ ] kl5 cfjZos kg] { ;xof] u -;'/ lIft jf;, ufF; / ;'/ Iff_ sf] cefjn] btf{ ug] { sfo{ yk hl6n ag] sf] 5 . s] xL ;fx;L dlxnfx¿n] 36gf btf{ u/ L xfn] klg ax';+Vos d'2fx¿ cbfnt k'Ub} gg\ . k|foM h;f] 36gfdf dlxnfnfO{ g} bf] ifL b] vfpg] , dlxnf ePkl5 ;xg' kb{5 eGg] l;sfpg] ul/ G5 . kmn:j¿k dlxnfx¿df ædf} gtfsf] ;+:s[ltsfÆ ljsf; x'g] qmd a9\bf] 5 .

PstGqLo Joj:yfaf6 nf] stflGqs u0ftGqfTds Joj:yfdf k|j] z

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u/ ] sf] b] zdf dlxnf clwsf/ ;'lglZrttf cleofgdf ;+nUg b] zsf %! k|ltzt dlxnf gful/ sx¿ 3/ , kl/ jf/ / ;dfhaf6} lx+;fsf] hf] lvddf / x] sf 5g\ . b] z nf] stflGqs u0ftGqfTds kl/ kfl6df ¿kfGtl/ t ePsf] % jif{ eO{;Sbf klg dlxnfx¿n] nf] stGqsf] cg'e"lt ug{ kfPsf 5} gg\ . b] zdf zflGt lgdf{0f k|lqmof w] / } cufl8 uPsf] elgPtf klg zflGtsf] nfef+z kfpg' kg{] x¿ cfˆgf] clwsf/ af6 al~rt g} 5g\ . / fhgLlts kl/ jt{g kZrft cfˆgf] cj:yfdf kl/ jt{g cfpF5 / cfˆgf clwsf/ x¿ ;'lglZrt x'G5g\ eGg] df ljZjf; lnPsf dlxnfx¿ cem klg cfˆgf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt x'g] kvf{O{df g} 5g\ . o;y{ o; k|ltj] bgn] Psk6s km] l/ kl/ jt{gk|lt k|lta4 ;+j] bgzLn / fhg} lts kf6L{x¿ / ;/ sf/ nfO{ cfkm"n] u/ ] sf sfo{x¿sf] ;dLIff ug{ / dfgj clwsf/ nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{] k|lta4tf cg'¿ksf] Jojxf/ ug{ 3R3Rofpg] 5 .

o; k':tsdf ;dfj] z ul/ Psf dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf] ljZn] if0fn] dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fk|lt ;/ f] sf/ jfnfx¿nfO{ hjfkmb] xL / pQ/ bfoL aGgsf nflu k|] l/ t ub{5 . o; cWoog k|ltj] bgn] xfn ;Dd g] kfn ;/ sf/ n] dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f / n} lËs ;dfgtfsf nflu u/ ] sf sfo{x¿sf] ;dLIff ug{ / cfufdL lbgdf dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f lj?4 plrt sfg'g, gLlt lgod, of] hgf lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu cfjZos kxnx¿sf af/ ] df uDeL/ eP/ ;f] Rgsf nflu ;d] t d2t ub{5 eGg] dnfO{ ljZjf; nfu] s] f 5 .

cGTodf, o; cWoog k|ltj] bgdf dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;faf/ ] hfgsf/ L lbO{ dlxnf cfGbf] ngnfO{ ;zQm kfg{ phf{ yKg'x'g] ;a} df d xflb{s awfO{ tyf s[t1tf 1fkg ug{ rfxG5' .

8f= / ] 0f' / fhe08f/ L;+:yfks cWoIf, cf] / ] s g] kfn

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17

sfo{ut kl/efiff

dlxnfdfly x'g] u/ ] sf lx+;fsf :j¿kx¿ ljleGg 5g\ . lx+;fsf :j¿kx¿nfO{ & efudf juL{s/ 0f u/ L ljZn] if0f ul/ Psf] 5 .

s_ lx+;fsf k|sf/

3/]n' lx+;f 3/ leq kl/ jf/ sf Ps ;b:oaf6 cGo ;b:odfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfnfO{ 3/ ] n' lx+;fleq ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5 . >Ldfg\ tyf kl/ jf/ sf cGo ;b:ox¿af6 ePsf zf/ Ll/ s, dfgl;s / cfly{s ¿kdf……. . o:tf] lx+;fleq s'6lk6, ax'ljjfx, 3/ lgsfnf, uflnunf} h, efjgfTds rf] 6 k'¥ofpg] sfo{ tyf ljleGg 8/ , qf; b] vfO{ ePsf dfgl;s lx+;fsf 36gfx¿nfO{ ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5 .

;fdflhs lx+;fdlxnf a;] s] f ;dfhsf JolQmx¿af6 ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿nfO{ ;fdflhs lx+;fleq ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5 . ;fdflhs lx+;fleq ljz] ifu/ L af] S;Lsf] cf/ f] kdf dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿, 5'jf5't, afnljjfx, bfO{hf] sf sf/ 0fn] ePsf lx+;fx¿, dlxnfdfly ;dfhsf JolQmx¿af6 ;fdflhs / dfgl;s c;/ kf/ ] sf 36gfx¿nfO{ ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5 .

of}lgs l+x;fdlxnfsf] O{R5f ljk/ Lt ha/ h:tL of} g cª\ux¿ tyf ;+j] bglzn cx¿df 5'g] , ;'D;'Dofpg] , cZnLn zAbx¿sf] k|of] u ug{] , lh:sfpg] , cZnLn lrq, b[Zo jf lkmNdx¿ b] vfpg] h:tf 36gfx¿nfO{o; k|ltj] bgdf of} lgs lx+;fleq / flvPsf 5g\ .

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1818

anfTsf/anfTsf/ , ;fd"lxs anfTsf/ / anfTsf/ sf] k|of;nfO{ anfTsf/ sf] kl/ efiffleq ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5 . o;df dlxnfnfO{ nnfO{kmsfO{ jf ha/ h:tL zlQm k|of] u u/ L ePsf anfTsf/ sf 36gfx¿nfO{ o;df ;dfj] z ul/ Psf 5g\ .

a]rlavg÷cf];f/k;f/bf;tf, afWofTds >d -aFw'jf dhb'/ L jf C0fL agfOPsf JolQmx¿sf] >dnufot_ / bf;tfk"0f{ Jojxf/ sf nflu s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ 8/ , wfs b] vfO{, hfnem] n u/ L jf zlQm/kbsf] b'¿kof] u u/ L sfddf nufpg'÷cf] ;f/ k;f/ ug'{÷Ps 7fpFaf6 csf{] 7fpFdf n} hfg' jf n} hfgsf nflu ;xof] u ug'{ jf cf>o lbg' jf c?åf/ f To:tf] sfdsf] lglDt ;xof] u k|fKt ug'{ a] rlavg xf] . a] rlavg÷cf] ;f/ k;f/ tyf a] rlavg÷cf] ;f/ k;f/ sf] nflu k|of; ePsf 36gfx¿nfO{ o;df ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5 .

xTofxTofleq dlxnfnfO{ dg;fok"j{s ljleGg tj/ af6 dfl/ Psf tyf dfg{] k|of; ul/ Psf 36gfx¿nfO{ ;d] l6Psf] 5 .

cGockx/ 0f, cnkq÷ j] kQf, cfTdxTofsf 36gfx¿nfO{ o;df / flvPsf] 5 .

v_ k|efljt÷kL8ssf] j}jflxs l:ylt o; cGtu{t ljjflxt, cljjflxt, Psn, 5'l§P/ a;] sf] , ;Fu} a;] s] f / kf/ kfr's] nfO{ ;d] l6Psf] 5 .

u_ k|efljt÷kL8ssf ;d"xx¿ lognfO{ lgDglnlvt ;d"xx¿df afFl8Psf] 5 .

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19

kxf8] hghflt M hghflt u'?Ë, du/ , / fO{, lnDa', ls/ fFt, yfdL, 5gTofn, tfdfË, z] kf{, nfdf, ef] 6] , g] jf/ , lh/ ] n, ysfnL, / fp6] , r] kfª, s';'G8f, bg'jf/ , cflb .

t/fO{ hghflt M yf?, / fhj+zL, tfhk'l/ of, u+ufO{, l;+x, wfg's, lwdfn, ;Gyfn, d'G8f, ;tf/ , emfFu8, bg'jf/ , ls;fg, sf] r] cflb .

t/fO{ blnt M rdf/ , xl/ hg, / fd, d';x/ , b';fw, kf;jfg, kf;L, tTdf, vTj] , wf] aL, ;/ bf/ , lrldbf/ , 8f] d, xNvf] / , s';jflbof, sn/ , vflts, sf] O/ L cflb .

kxf8] blnt M bdfO{, sfdL, ;fsL{, 9f] nL, ufO{g] , jfbL cflb .

t/fO{ u}/ blnt M ofbj, t] nL, u'Ktf, sfdt, dnfxf, dxtf] , ;fx, 7fs'/ , / fhe/ , dfnL, s'dL{, xnjfO{, s] jt, g'lgof, sx/ , w] l8of/ , wlgof, nf] wf, xhfd, cflb .

a|fXd0f

If]qL

3_ k|efljt÷kL8ssf] k]zfx¿ s[lif, 3/ fo;L sfd, dhb'/ L, Joj;fo, cgf} krfl/ s If] qdf sfo{/ t, u} / ;/ sf/ L hflu/ , ;/ sf/ L hflu/ , ;fdflhs ;] jf, j} b] lzs / f] huf/

ª_ k|efljtnfO{ k/]sf] c;/x¿zf/ Ll/ s c;/ , dfgl;s c;/ , cfly{s c;/ , ;fdflhs c;/

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2020

r_ k|efljt÷kL8ssf] pd]/!^ jif{eGbf d'lg!^ b] lv @% jif{;Dd@^ b] lv #% jif{;Dd#^ b] lv $% jif{;Dd$^ b] lv %% jif{;Dd%^ jif{eGbf dfly

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21

sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z

kl/ro“cGj]ifL”sf] of] cÍ dlxnf k'gM:yf{kgf s] Gb| -cf] / ] s g] kfnn] _ @))* ;fnb] lv x/ ] s ;fn "dlxnf lx+;f lj?4sf] jif{ k':ts" k|sfzg ug{] qmdsf] lg/ Gt/ tf xf] . dlxnfdfly eO{/ x] s] f lx+;fsf] l:ylt;DaGwL oyf{ytfnfO{ k|:t't ug{] d'Vo p2] Zon] o; k':ts tof/ ul/ Psf] 5 .

o; k':tsdf h'nfO{ @)!! b] lv h'g @)!@ ;Dd cf] / ] s g] kfndfclen] vLs/ 0f -;Íng_ ul/ Psf hDdf !%*! j6f dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] lj:t[t ljZn] if0f ul/ Psf] 5 . To;} u/ L / fli6«o kqklqsfx¿df k|sflzt ePsf hDdf #(* j6f1 dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] 5'§} ljZn] if0f klg o; k':tsdf ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5 .

o; k':tsn] ;du| dlxnfdflyeO/ x] sf] lx+;fsf] :j¿kx¿, lx+;fn] dlxnfsf] hLjgdf kf/ ] sf k|efjx¿sf] oyfy{tfnfO{ k|:t't ug] { hdsf] { u/ ] sf] 5 . o; k':tsdf ;dfj] z u/ LPsf dlxnf lj?4 eO/ x] sf lx+;fsf ljZn] if0fn] ;/ f] sf/ jfnx¿ / xfdL;a} nfO{ dlxnflj?4 x'g] lx+;fsf] cGTosfnflu cfjZos kxnx¿ tyf sfo{x¿sf af/ ] df uDeL/ eP/ ;f] Rg / To;nfO{ Jojxf/ df nfu" ug{ k|] l/ t ug] {5 eGg] cf] / ] s g] kfnsf] ck] Iff 5 .

36gf ;Íng ul/Psf If]qx¿

o; k':tsdf h'nfO{ @)!! b] lv h'g @)!@ ;Dd dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ / Ifs -d=df=c=/ _ / clen] vgstf{x¿af6 36gfsf] clen] vLs/ 0f u/ L cf] / ] s g] kfnsf] tYofÍ zfvfdf cfPsf 36gfx¿nfO{ ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5 . g] kfnsf % j6} ljsf; If] qdf

1 sflGtk'/ b}lgs, cGgk"0f{ kf]i6, uf]/vfkq, g]kfn ;dfrf/ kq, gful/s The Himalayan Times, The Kathmandu Post, Republica gf]6 M ;+:yfn] k|ToIf ¿df clen]vLs/0f u/]sf 36gfx?nfO{ ;+rf/ cg'udgdf

;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5}g .

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2222

dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] clen] vLs/ 0f tyf ljZn] if0f u/ L o; k':tsdf ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5 .

cWoogaf6 k|fKt glthfx¿ ;ª\If]kdf

!= ljsf; If]qdfdlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf] cj:yf;+:yfn] clen] vLs/ 0f u/ ] sf] hDdf !%*! j6f 36gfx¿sf] ljZn] if0f ubf{ dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿ ;a} eGbf a9L k"jf{~rnaf6 k|fKt ePsf] 5 . o; jif{ k"jf{~rnaf6 ^$Ü, dWodf~rnaf6 !*Ü, ;'b"/ klZrdf~rn / dWoklZrdf~rnaf6 (÷(Ü / klZrdf~rnaf6 ! k|ltzt dlxndfly ePsf] lx+;fsf 36gfx¿;Íng ul/ Psf] 5 .

To;} u/ L ;+rf/ dfWodsf cg';f/ o; jif{ dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿df k"jf{~rnaf6 @*Ü, dWoklZrdf~rnaf6 !^Ü, klZrdf~rnaf6 !@Ü, ;'b"/ klZrdf~rnaf6 *Ü / k|efljtsf] :yfg v'Ng g;s] sf] % k|ltzt 36gfx¿ ;+rf/ dfWodn] k|zf;g u/ ] s] f 5g\ .

@= lx+;fsf k|sf/x¿

s_ 3/]n' lx+;f o; jif{ k|fKt hDdf !%*! j6f 36gfx¿nfO{ ljZn] if0f ubf{

;a} eGbf a9L dlxnfx¿ 3/ ] n' lx+;faf6 k|efljt ePsf] k|fKt ePsf] 5 . k|fKttYofÍsf cfwf/ df o; jif{ ̂ $ k|ltzt -!%*! hgf lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿dWo] !)!( hgf_ dlxnfx¿dfly 3/ ] n' lx+;f ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 . xfd|f] ;fdflhs ;+/ rgf, ljBdfg\ c;dfg zlQm ;DaGw / sltko ?9LjfbL ;f] rsf sf/ 0f dlxnfx¿ lbgx'F cfkm\gf elgg] JolQmx¿af6} lx+;fsf] rk] 6fdf kb} {5g\ . dlxnfx¿dfly lx+;f ug{] kL8sx¿dWo] ;a} eGbf a9L lx+;f ug{] kL8s cfkm\g} >Ldfg\ / 3/ kl/ jf/ sf ;b:ox¿ / x] sf 5g\ . &(Ü dlxnfx¿ cfkm\g} >Ldfg\af6 / @!Ü dlxnfx¿ 3/ kl/ jf/ sf ;b:ox¿af6 lx+;fdf k/ ] sf o; jif{sf] tYofÍn]

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23

b] vfPsf] 5 . o;/ L 3/ ] n' lx+;f vKg afWo dlxnfx¿dWo] @^–#% jif{pd] / ;d"xsf#(Üdlxnfx¿ / x] sf 5g\ eg] $)Ü;fIf/ dlxnfx¿3/ ] n' lx+;faf6 kLl8t / x] sf] tYofÍn] b] vfPsf] 5 .

v_ ;fdflhs lx+;f 3/ ] n'lx+;f kZrft\ ;a} eGbf a9L dlxnfx¿dfly ;fdflhs ¿kdf

lx+;f ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 . cyf{t dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fx¿dWo] ;fdflhs lx+;f bf] ;|f] :yfgdf / x] sf] 5 . o; jif{ !^Ü -!%*! dWo] @%!hgf_ dlxnfx¿dfly ;fdflhs lx+;f ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 . To;df *$% l5d] sLaf6, !)Ü ;fyLaf6 / ^Ü ;DaGw gePsf dflg;x¿af6 dlxnfx¿dfly ;fdflhs lx+;f ePsf] 5 .;fdflhs lx+;faf6 k|efljt dlxnfx¿ dWo] %!Ü dlxnfx¿ ;fIf/ / x] sf] kfO{Psf] 5 .

u_ anfTsf/ k|fKt tYofÍsf cfwf/ df o; jif{ ^Ü dlxnfx¿ anfTs[t

-!!) hgf_ ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 eg] #Ü -#^ hgf_dlxnfx¿dfly anfTsf/ sf] k|of; ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 . anfTsf/ sf 36gfdf %Ü dlxnfx¿ cfkm\g} >Ldfg\af6, ^Ü ;fyLaf6, !^ Ü ;DaGw gePsf JolQmaf6 lx+;fdf k/ ] sf] , !^ Ü dlxnfx¿ cfkm\g} 3/ kl/ jf/ sf ;b:ox¿af6 / %&Ü dlxnfdfly l5d] sLaf6} anfTsf/ ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 . k|fylds tx;Dd cWoog u/ ] sf @%Üdlxnfx¿dfly anfTsf/ sf 36gf ePsf] kfO{of] eg] ;a} eGbf a9L -$@Ü_anfTsf/ sf 36gfx¿ !^ jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsfx¿df x'g] u/ ] sf] tYofÍ kfO{Psf] 5 . k|fylds txdf cWoog/ t -#@Ü_ / !^ jif{ d'lgsf -$@Ü_ aflnsfx¿df anfTsf/ sf 36gf a9L ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 .

3_ of}lgs lx+;f o; jif{ $Ü -^# hgf_ dlxnfx¿dfly of} lgs lx+;f ePsf]

kfO{Psf] 5 . h;dWo] ;a} eGbf a9L -$#Ü_of} lgs lx+;fsf

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36gfx¿ dlxnfn] ;fyL 7fg] sf / k|] d ;DaGw ePsf JolQmx¿af6} ePsf 5g\ . To:f} u/ L@&Ü l5d] sLaf6, !&Ü s'g} klg ;DaGw gePsf JolQm / !# Ü dlxnfx¿ cfkm\g} 3/ kl/ jf/ sf ;b:ox¿af6 lx+;fdf k/ ] sf] kfO{Psf] 5 . ;fIf/ dlxnfx¿dfly -#)Ü_ / !^–@% jif{ pd] / ;d"xsf -%(Ü_ dlxnfx¿dfly of} lgs lx+;fa9L ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 .

ª_ xTof k|fKt tYofÍsf cfwf/ df @% -@*hgf_dlxnfx¿sf] xTof ePsf]

5 eg] !Ü -!*hgf_ dlxnfx¿dfly xTofsf] k|of; ePsf] 5 . %)%>Ldfg\af6, @^Ü, kl/ jf/ sf ;b:ox¿af6, !%% l5d] sLaf6 / $Ü ;DaGw gePsf] JolQmaf6 dlxnfx¿sf] xTof ul/ Psf] 5 . ;fIf/ #(Ü dlxnfx¿ / !^–#% jif{ pd] / sf] dlxnfx¿sf] xTofa9L ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 .

r_ a]rlavg @%-@%hgf_ dlxnfx¿ o; jif{ a] rlavgdf k/ ] sf] kfO{Psf]

5 eg] !Ü -*hgf_ dlxnfx¿dfly a] rlavgsf] k|of; ePsf] kfOof] . dlxnfn] ;fyL dfg] sf JolQmaf6 $#%, s'g} klg ;DaGw gePsf] JolQmaf6 @$ Ü, l5d] sLaf6 @!Ü, kl/ jf/ sf] ;b:oaf6 (Ü, / >Ldfg\af6 #Ü dlxnfx¿ o:tf] lx+;fdf k/ ] sf] kfOof] . ;fIf/ dlxnfx¿ $%Ü / !^–@% jif{ pd] / ;d"xsf $( Ü dlxnfx¿ a] rlavgdf a9L kg{] u/ ] sf] kfO{Psf] 5 .

5_ cGo dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;f t/ yf] / } ;+Vofdf clen] vLs/ 0f ePsf

36gfx¿nfO{ cGo ;d"xdf / fvLljZn] if0f ul/ Psf] xf] . o; ;d"xsf 36gfx¿df cfTdxTof, dlxnfnfO{ j] kQf agfO{Psf 36gf / kl/ jf/ s} ;b:oaf6 cnkq cj:yfdf 5f] l8Psf dlxnfx¿sf] 36gfnfO{ / flvPsf] 5 . o; jif{ !@ k|ltzt dlxnfx¿n] cfTdxTof u/ ] sf] , @ hgf dlxnfx¿ j] kQf agfO{Psf

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25

/ ( hgf dlxnfx¿ 3/ kl/ jf/ s} ;b:ox¿åf/ f cnkq cj:yfdf kl/ Psf] kfOPsf] ] 5 .

#= pd]/ ;d"x / dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fk|fKt tYofÍsf] cfwf/ df o; jif{ ;a} eGbf a9L !^–@% jif{ pd] / ;d"xsf dlxnfx¿ lx+;fdf kfl/ Psf] ] kfO{Psf] 5 . o; ;d"xsf dlxnfx¿df #%Ü lx+;f ePsf] 5 . o:t} ul/ @^–#% jif{ pd] / ;d"xdf ##Ü, #^–$% jif{ pd] / ;d"xdf !^Ü, !^ jif{ d'lgsf aflnsfdf &Ü, $^–%% jif{ pd] / ;d"xsf dlxnfdf %Ü / %^ jif{ eGbfa9L pd] / ;d"xsf dlxnfx¿df $Ü lx+;f ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 .

$ lzIff / dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fdlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f / k|efljtsf] lzIffsf] :t/ nfO{ ljZn] if0f ubf{ &*Ü ;fIf/ dlxnfx¿dfly ;a} eGbf a9L lx+;f ePsf] kfOof] ] . lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿dWo] @@Ülg/ If/ dlxnfx¿ / x] sf] kfOof] . dlxnfsf] ;fIf/ tfsf] cj:yfnfO{ ;d] t ljZn] if0f u/ L x] bf{ $&Ü k|f} 9 lzIff, !(Ü pRrdfWolds tx;Dd cWoog u/ ] sf, !%Ü k|fylds tx;Dd cWoog u/ ] sf, !$Ü dfWolds tx;Dd cWoog u/ ] sf / %Ü pRr dfWolds txeGbf a9L cWoog u/ ] sf dlxnfx¿dfly lx+;f ePsf] kfOof] .

%= j}jflxs cj:yf / dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fdlxnfdfly ePsf] lx+;f / dlxnfsf] j} jflxs cj:yfnfO{ ljZn] if0f ubf{ lx+;fk|efljt dlxnfx¿df ;a} eGbf a9L -*)Ü_ ljjflxt dlxnfx¿dfly lx+;f ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 . !$% cljjflxt dlxnfx¿df, $Ü Psn dlxnfx¿df / @Ü >Ldfg\;Fu 5'l§P/ a;] sf dlxnfx¿dfly lx+;f ePsf] kfO{of] . dlxnfx¿ a9L 3/ ] n'lx+;faf6 k|efljt 5g\ / ;a} eGbf a9L dlxnfx¿dfly ljjfx kZrft\ >Ldfg\åf/ f lx+;f x'g] xF'bf+ klg ljjflxt dlxnfx¿dfly ePsf] lx+;fsf] ;+Vof a9L ePsf] xf] .

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^= k]zf / dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fs'g k] zfdf ;+nUg slt dlxnfx¿dfly lx+;f ePsf] 5 elg o; jif{ k|fKt tYofÍsf cfwf/ df ljZn] if0f ubf{ s[lif k] zfdf ;+nUg dlxnfx¿dfly ;a} eGbf a9L lx+;f ePsf] kfO{of] . lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx¿dWo] $$Ü dlxnfx¿ s[lif k] zfdf ;+nUg / x] sf, @!Ü dlxnfx¿ 3/ fo;L sfddf, !@Ü dlxnfx¿ dhb'/ Ldf, !)Ü dlxnfx¿ Joj;fodf cfa4 / x] sf] kfO{Psf] 5 . To;} u/ L s'g} klg sfo{df ;+nUg gePsf ̂ Ü dlxnfx¿, cgf} rfl/ s If] qdf sfo{/ t @Ü dlxnfx¿, / ;/ sf/ L If] qdf sfo{/ t, j} b] lzs / f] huf/ L, u} / ;/ sf/ L If] qdf sfo{/ t / ;fdflhs ;] jf ug{] dlxnfx¿df a/ fa/ -!-!Ü_ lx+;f ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 .

&= dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf c;/x¿lx+;fsf sf/ 0f dlxnfx¿dfly k/ ] sf c;/ nfO{ o; k':tsdf$ ;d"xdf ljefhg u/ L ljZn] if0f ul/ Psf] 5 . dlxnfx¿dfly s'g} klg k|sf/ sf] lx+;f x'Fbf ;a} eGbf a9L -%@Ü_ dfgl;s c;/ k/ ] sf] kfOof] . @)% dlxnfx¿nfO{ zf/ Ll/ s c;/ k/ ] sf] , !*Ü dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;fdflhs c;/ / !)Ü dlxnfx¿nfO{ cfly{s c;/ k/ ] sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

*= hftLotfsf cfwf/df dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fdlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf ljleGg k|sf/ x¿ / dlxnfsf] hftLotfsf cfwf/ df ljZn] if0f ubf{ o; jif{ ;a} eGbf a9L kxf8] hghflt / To;kl5 If] qL dlxnfx¿dfly lx+;f ePsf] kfOof] . lx+;f k|efljt s"n dlxnfdWo] @(Ü kxf8] hghflt, !%Ü If] qL, !%Ü t/ fO{ hghflt, , !#Ü a|fXd0f, !)Ü t/ fO{ u} / blnt, (Ü kxf8] blnt, &Ü t/ fO{ blnt / @Ü d'l:nd dlxnfx¿ / x] sf 5g\ .

!)= kL8s / k|efljtsf] ;DaGwdlxnfsf] kL8s;Fu / x] sf] ;DaGwsf] cfwf/ df ljZn] if0f ubf{ dlxnfdfly ;a} eGbf a9L lx+;f ug{] -%#Ü_>Ldfg\ ePsf] kfOof] . To:f} u/ L @)Ü dlxnfx¿cfkm" a;] s} ;dfhsf l5d] sLaf6 lx+;fdf k/ ] sf] kfOof] . !*Ükl/ jf/ sf;b:o ,%Ü ;fyLaf6 / $Ü ;DaGw gePsf JolQmx¿af6 dlxnfdfly lx+;f ePsf] kfOof] .

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kl/R5]b !

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!=! k[i7e"ld

"dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;f ;fj{hlgs jf lghL hLjgdf lnËsf cfwf/df x'g] lx+;fhGo sfo{ xf] , h;n] dlxnfnfO{ zf/Ll/s, of}ghGo jf dfgl;s Iflt jf kL8f k'¥ofpF5 jf k'¥ofpg] ;Defjgf x'G5 . o;cGt/ut To:tf] sfo{ ug{] wDsL, bafj / :j]R5frf/L ¿kdf

dlxnfsf] :jtGqtfdf aGb]h ug{] sfo{;d]t kb{5 ."2

"dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f dlxnf ePs} sf/ 0fn] dlxnfdfly ul/ g] ;Dk"0f{lje] bk"0f{ Jojxf/ x¿nfO{ hgfpF5 . o; kl/ efiffn] dlxnf ePs} sf/ 0fn] dlxnfdfly x'g] zf/ Ll/ s, dfgl;s / of} ghGo lx+;f, tyf 8/ , qf;, wDsL b] vfOg'sf ;fy} cGo clwsf/ x¿af6 al~rt u/ fOg] lqmofsnfkx¿ ;d] t hgfpFb5 ."3

dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f ljZjJofkL ;d:ofsf] ¿kdf / x] sf] 5 . g] kfndf klg of] ;d:of a9\bf] 5 . of] jif{dfq !%*! hgf dlxnfx¿ ljleGg lx+;fx¿ vKg afWo ePsf] cf] / ] s g] kfndf cfPsf 36gfx¿n] b] vfpFb5g\ . of] tYofÍ ;d:ofsf] cg'kftdf w] / } sd 5 .b] zdf w] / } dlxnfx¿ ljleGg k|sf/ sf si6 / oftgfx¿vKb} vt/ fk"0f{ hLjg latfpg afWo 5g\ . t/ pgLx¿n] cfkm"dfly ePsf lx+;fx¿ aflx/ Nofpg ;s] sf 5} gg\ . g] kfn ljZj dfgjlrqdf dfgj ljsf; ;"rsfÍsf b[li6n] !%& cf} + :yfgdf / n} lÍs c;dfgtf ;"rsfÍdf (Gender Inequality Index_ !!# cf+} :yfgdf / x] sf] 5 .4

g] kfnL dlxnfx¿sf] of] cj:yfn] ;fdflhs Gofo / ;dfgtfdf

2 dlxnflj?4sf] lx+;f pGd'ng ug{] ;DaGwL 3f]if0ffkq, ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;ª\3 !((# 3 CEDAW General Recommendation No. 19, llth session, 19924 o" Pg 8L kL, dfgj ljsf; k|ltj]bg @)!!

kl/R5]b !M kl/ro

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29

ljZjf; / fVg] x/ ] s g] kfnLnfO{ lrlGtt agfPsf] 5 .

b] z / fhgLlts ¿kn] nf] stflGqs k|0ffnLtkm{ ¿kfGtl/ t x'g] qmddf 5 t/ b] zdf;fdflhs, cfly{s ;+/ rgf; ;dfhdf h/ f] uf8] / / x] sf] lkQ[;QfTds d"NodfGotf, ;f] r, wf/ 0ff; tyfcGwlaZjf;df cfwfl/ t ;+:s[ltnfO{ ;+qmd0fsfnLg ;/ sf/ åf/ f ;Daf] wg ug{ ;s] sf] 5} g . of] l:yltn] dlxnfx¿dfly yk lx+;f x'g] cfwf/ t} of/ u/ ] sf] 5 . b] zdf a9\b} uPsf] / fhgLltsf] ck/ fwLs/ 0f / ck/ fwssf] / fhgLlts/ 0fn] lx+;f ug{] nfO{ an k'u] s] f 5 . b] zdf a9\b} uPsf] b08xLgtfsf] l:yltn] lx+;f k|efljtn] Gofo kfpg] ;Defjgf lbg lbg} IfL0f xF'b} uPsf] 5 . åGåsfndf ljleGg k|sf/ sf lx+;faf6 kLl8t dlxnfx¿ Gofo kfpg] ;Defjgf lbglbg} sd x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . / fhg} lts kl/ jt{g kl5 / fhgLltdf dlxnfx¿sf] ;xeflutf a9] sf] 5 . dlxnf clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{] egL ;/ sf/ åf/ f / fli6«o / cGt/ fli6«o txdf ljleGg k|lta4tfx¿hgfOPsf] 5 . t/ b] zdf h/ f] uf8L/ x] sf] dlxnf k'?ifsf] aLrdf / x] sf] c;dfg zlQm ;DaGw ;Daf] wg x'g ;s] sf] 5} g . cGtl/ d ;+ljwfgåf/ f dlxnfx¿sf] k|hgg\ / of} g clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ul/ Psf] ePtf klg Jojxf/ df dlxnfx¿n] oL clwsf/ x¿ k|fKt ug{ ;s] sf 5} gg\ . cfkm\gf] z/ L/ dfly pgLx¿sf] cfkm\gf] lgoGq0f 5} g . x/ ] s If] qsf ;+/ rgfx¿df ljBdfg c;dfgtfn] dlxnfdfly lje] b ePsf] 5 . hfltut; ;fdflhs / cfly{s ju{; of} lgs / n} lËs klxrfg; tyf wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts / k/ Dk/ fsf cfwf/ df dlxnfdfly lx+;f x'g] ub{5 . dlxnfdfly x'g] lje] bk"0f{ cGTo / ;dfgtfsf nflu lje] bsf ;+/ rgfut sf/ stTjx¿sf] klxrfgnfO{ :jLsf/ ug'{ jt{dfg kl/ j] zdf cfjZos 5 . 5

dlxnflj?4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj pGd"ng ug{] dxf;lGw cGtu{tsf] g]kfnsf] rf}yf] / kfFrf} ;+o'Qm cfjlws k|ltj]bgdfly

5 Report of the Special Rapporteur on violenceagainst women, its causes and consequences,Rashida Manjoo, 2011, UN Human Rights Council

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dlxnflj?4 e]befj pGd"ng ;ldltn] lbPsf] lgisif{ / ;'emfjx¿ o; k|sf/ 5g\ M

s_ 3/ ] n' lx+;f lgoGq0f P] g / cGo sfg'gx¿sf] k|efjsf/ L sfof{Gjog ;'lglZrt ug{] / To:tf lx+;fsf bf] ifLx¿nfO{ d'2f rnfpg] / ;hfo lbg] .

v_ dlxnflj?4 ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] / fi6«JofkL tYofÍ;Íng k|0ffnL lgdf{0f ug{] .

u_ ha{h:tL s/ 0fL / cGo of} ghGo s;"/ df d'2f ug{ cbfntdf dlxnfsf] k|efjsf/ L kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug{ of} ghGo lx+;fsf d'2f btf{sf] nflu xbDofb ;DaGwL sfg'g vf/ ] h ug{ tTsfn sbd rfNg] .

3_ 3/ ] n' lx+;f tyf of} g lx+;f;DaGwdf k|x/ L, ;/ sf/ L jlsn, cbfnt / cGo ;Da4 ;/ sf/ L lgsfox¿sf cltl/ Qm :jf:YosdL{x¿nfO{ cfjZos tflnd lbg] / blnt ;d'bfo nufotsf ;a} ;d'bfodf vf;u/ L k'?if / afnsx¿nfO{ nlIft u/ L Jofks hgr] tgf clea[l4 sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{] .

ª_ j}jflxs anfTsf/df ;hfo a9fpg] u/L tof/ kfl/Psf] d:of}bf sfg'gnfO{ l9nfO{ gu/L kfl/t u/L nfu" ug{] / o; ;DaGwdf agfOPsf gofF sfg'gL Joj:yfsf ;DaGwdf r]tgf clea[l4 sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{] .

b] zsf] / fhgLlts cl:y/ tfn] dlxnfdfly lx+;f ug{ an ldn] sf] 5 . dlxnfdfly x'g] x/ ] s k|sf/ sf] lx+;f ck/ fw xf] / of] dfgj clwsf/ sf] pNn3g xf] . ;dfhdf ljBdfg c;dfg zlQm ;DaGw, JofKt ?l9jfbL ;f] r / ;fdflhs d"No dfGotfn] o:tf ck/ fw x'g k|f] T;fxg ub{5 . o:tf 36gfx¿df x'g] / fhgLlts x:tIf] k, kL8snfO{ ;+/ If0f ug{] k|rng, k|efljtnfO{ g} bf] lif b] vfpg]

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31

;fdflhs ;f] r h:tf s'/ fx¿n] dlxnfdfly yk lx+;f ug{sf nflu an k|bfg ub{5 . dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f lje] bk"0f{ ;fdflhs ;+/ rgfsf] kl/ 0ffd xf] . dlxnfnfO{ lje] b ug{] , kL8f lbg] tTjx¿ 3/ , kl/ jf/ , ;dfh b] lv ;/ sf/ sf ;a} ;+/ rgfx¿df h/ f] ufl8 a;] sf x'G5g\ . To;} n] dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f cGTo x'g] jftfj/ 0fsf] l;h{gf/ o:tf ;+/ rgfx¿df kl/ jt{g lagf ;Dej 5} g . o;sf ;fy} ;dfhdf :yflkt cGwljZjf;, lje] bk"0f{ ?l9jfbL Jojxf/ x¿n] dlxnfdfly lx+;f x'g] jftfj/ 0fnfO{ yk an k'¥ofpF5 .

dlxnfdfly x'g] h:tf] ;'s} cdfgjLo / lje] bk"0f{ Jojxf/ nfO{ klg ;fF:s[lts d"NodfGotfsf gfddf 9fs5f] k ug] { ul/ G5 .6

;f] xL sf/ 0f b] zdf dlxnfnfO{ af] S;Lsf] cf/ f] k nufO{ xTof ug{] , cfFvf lgsfNg] h:tf ljleGg ck/ fwx¿ ul/ Psf 5g\ . dfly eg] em} + o:tf ck/ fwx¿sf] cGTo b] zdf cfd"n / fhg} lts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts gLlt Pj+ ;+/ rgfx¿sf kl/ jt{g lagf ;Dej 5} g . o:tf ;+/ rgfx¿df kl/ jt{gsf nflu / fHosf ;a} lgsfox¿df dlxnfsf] ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ul/ g'kb{5 . o;sf nflu / fhg} lts k|lta4tf af] nL / Jojxf/ b'j} df nfu" x'g' cfjZos 5 eg] Jojxf/ df k|efljt dlxnfx¿sf nflu cfjZos kg{] ;xof] uL ;+oGqx¿sf] lj:tf/ ug'{kb{5 . o;/ L t} of/ ul/ Psf ;+oGqx¿df dlxnfsf] ;xh kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ul/ g'kb{5 . To;f] ePdf dfq lx+;fsf ;DaGwdf dlxnfx¿leq / x] sf] "df}gtfsf] ;+:s[lt" cGTo x'g ;Qm5 . lx+;f lgoGq0f ug{ gLlt / of] hgfx¿ agfpg d2t ldNb5 .

cf] / ] s g] kfnåf/ f :yflkt ;xof] uL ;+oGqx¿åf/ f lbOg] ;xof] u / ;] jfsf sf/ 0f dlxnfx¿df cfkm"dfly ePsf lx+;fx¿sf] lj?4 s] xL xb;Dd "df}gtfsf] ;+:s[lt" e+u ePsf] 5 . of] k':ts dlxnfx¿åf/ fcfkm"dfly ePsf lx+;fx¿sf] ph'/ LnfO{ ljZn] if0f u/ L t} of/ ul/ Psf] xf] . oL ;"rgfx¿n] dlxnf lx+;f cGTosf nflu 6 The Special Rapporteur on violenceagainst women, Yakin Turkey,VAW causes and consequences, UN Human Rights Council

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cfjZos kg{] Jofjxfl/ s gLlt / ;xof] uL ;+oGq ljsf; ug{] of] hgf agfpg d2t ug{] 5 eGg] ljZjf; ul/ Psf] 5 .

dlxnf lj?4sf] x'g] /f]syfdsf nflu ePsf cGt/fli6«o k|of;x¿dlxnf clwsf/sf] af/]sf] ;a} eGbf klxnf] ;fd'lxs k|of; ;]g]sf kmN; 3f]if0ffkq–!*$* nfO{ lng] ul/G5 . hxfF dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/sf] af/]df ;f] 3f]if0ffkqn] a9L hf]8 lbPsf] kfOG5 tyfkL ;f] 3f]if0ffkqdf cfly{s ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] af/]df s]lx dfqfdf cfjfh p7fPsf] kfOG5 . tTkZrft ljZjel/ lgs} w]/} dlxnf clwsf/sld{x¿n] dlxnf clwsf/sf] af/]df cfjfh p7fpb} cfPsf sf/0f ;fd'lxs ¿kdf dlxnf clwsf/sf] cfjfh a'nGb x'b} cfof] . dlxnf clwsf/ eGg] ljlQs} dlxnf lx+;f /f]syfd ePsf]n] dlxnf lx+;fnfO{ /f]syfd ug{sf nflu cGt/fli6«o :t/df 7"nf] k|of; ePsf] 5 . h;df vfzul/ ;+o'Qm /fi6«sf] :yfkgf kZrft o;n] b:tfj]hLs/0fdf al9 dfGotf kfPsf] Oltxf;n] b]vfp5 . vfzul/ dlxnfsf] ;jfn ;DaGwL /fi6« ;+l3o cfof]u -Commission on the Status of Women_, !($% n] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 leq dlxnf clwsf/sf af/]df lgs} 7"nf] of]ubfg lbPsf] 5 . o;n] dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq !($* sf] d:of}bf agfpg] b]lv lnP/ dlxnf lj?4sf ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj pGd'ng ;DaGwL dxf;GwL !(&( b]lv a]OlhË hf]8 kfrf}+ ;Dd]ng ;DdnfO{ of]ubfg lbPsf] kfOG5 .

dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;fsf ;jfndf ;a}eGbf ljz]if cGt/fli6«o b:tfj]h eg]sf] dlxnf lj?4sf ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj pGd'ng ;DaGwL dxf;GwL !(&*-CEDAW_ xf], h;n] dlxnf clwsf/sf] ;jfndf ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f / kl/k"0f{ ug{sf ;a}eGbf a9L hf]8 lbG5 . o;n] dlxnf clwsf/sf ;jfndf s]an dlxnf lx+;f tyf lje]bsf af/]df dfq s'/f ub}{g ls o;n] ;a} k|sf/sf dlxnf dfly x'g] e]befjnfO{ pGd'ng ug{sf nflu cGt/fli6«o ¿kdf jsfnt ub{5 ;fy} ;a} kIf

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/fi6«x¿nfO{ sfof{Gjogsf nflu afWosf/L ub{5 .

o; dxf;GwLn] dlxnf / k'?if ljrsf] lje]bnfO{ jf:tljs ;dfgtfdf hf]8 lbG5 . sfg"gL ¿kdf dfq lje]bsf] cGteGbf klg sfg"gsf ;fy;fy} jf:tljs ;dfgtfdf jsfnt o; dxf;GwLn] ub{5 . wf/f $ n] dlxnf / k'?if ljrsf] jf:tljs ;dfgtfnfO{ a9fpg kIf /fi6«x¿4f/f rflnPsf c:yfoL ljz]if pkfox¿nfO{ of] dxf;GwLdf kl/eflift ul/Psf] e]befj dflgg] 5}g t/ o;sf] kl/0ffd :j¿k pTkGg ePsf c;dfgtf tyf km/s :t/x¿nfO{ s'g} xfntn] klg sfod /fVg' cfjZos x'g] 5}g, ;dfg cj;/ / ;dfg Jojxf/ k|fKt ug]{ p4]Zox¿ xfl;n e};s]kl5 lt pkfox¿nfO{ /f]lsg]5g\ elg JofVof u/]af6 jf:tjdf dlxnfx¿sf clwsf/ ;+/If0f ug{sf nflu k'?if ;/xsf] :t/df k'/\ofpgsf nflu c;dfgtfsf cfwf/df k|s[of cufl8 a9fP/ eP klg dlxnf / k'?ifsf] :t/ ;dfg k'/\ofOg] 5 eGg] Joj:yf u/]sf] kfOG5 .

l;8f] sldl6n] klg ;a} kIf /fi6«x¿nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ qmddf xfn e}/x]sf ;a} k|sf/sf dlxnf lj?4sf lx+;f /f]syfd ug{sf nflu lglZrt /fli6«o of]hgf agfO{ ;f] nflu pko'Qm tl/sfn] sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu lglZrt ;+/rgfx¿ :yfkgf ug]{ / lt ;+/rgfx¿n] sfo{ u/]gu/]sf] plrt cg'udgsf] k|s[ofåf/f ;lx tl/sfn] sfof{Gjog ug{df hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;f /f]syfdsf nflu tof/ kfl/g] of]hgfdf dlxnf lx+;fsf] ljleGg ¿kx¿df 3/]n' lx+;f, ha/h:tLs/0fL, a]rljvg nufPtsf ¿kx¿nfO{ /f]syfd ug{ cem k|fyldstf lbg' kg]{ l;kmfl/; u/]sf] 5 .

l;8f] sldl6n] kfl/t u/]sf] ;fwf/0f l;kmfl/; g+ !( df dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;fnfO{ lnËdf cfwfl/t lje]b elg kl/efiff u/]sf] 5 h;df lnËdf cfwfl/t lx+;f eg]sf] Tof] lje]b xf] hxfF dlxnfn] cfkm\gf] clwsf/nfO{ k'?if;/x :jtGq ¿kdf pkef]u ug{ gkfpg'

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xf] . ;f]lx l;kmfl/; g+ !( df clwsf/ / :jtGqttf eg]sf hLjg, :jtGqtf / ;'/Iff, oftgfaf6 d'Qm, ;dfg ;+/If0f, sfdsf] clwsf/, kfl/jfl/s clwsf/ cflb x'g eg]sf] 5 . lo clwsf/x¿ :jtGq ¿kdf k|of]u ug{ kfpg' g} dlxnfsf] g};lu{s xs xf] / of] g} dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;f pGd'ngsf] ;a}eGbf pQd k|of]u xf] .

dlxnf ;DalGw rf}yf] a]OlhË ;Dd]ng !((% n] a]OlhË Kn]6kmfd{ ckm PS;g kfl/t ul/ dlxnf lj?4sf ;a} k|sf/sf lx+;fx¿nfO{ pGd'ng ug{sf nflu ;Dk"0f{ txdf e}/x]sf lje]bx¿sf ;jfndf lglZrt sfg"g lgdf{0f ug{ / ltgnfO{ nfu' ug{ l;kmfl/; u/]sf] 5 . o;n] kIf /fi6«x¿nfO{ dlxnf lj?4 e}/x]sf ;a} k|sf/sf e]befjx¿nfO{ pGd'ng ug{sf nflu bjfj k/]sf] 5 eg] cfh;Dd cfO{k'Ubf sfof{Gjogsf] ;jfndf geP klg sfg"g lgdf{0f aGg] txdf eg] lgs} k|ult ePsf] klg 5 .

a]OlhË 3f]if0ffkqn] dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;fsf] af/]df eg]sf] 5 ls dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;f ;du| ;dfgtf, zfGtL tyf ljsf;sf] afws ag]sf] 5 . dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;fn] dlxnfsf ;du| dfgj clwsf/ tyf df}lns :jtGqtfdfly g} wfjf af]ln/x]sf] 5 .

dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;f lgoGq0fsf nflu ePsf /fli6«o k|of;x¿g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f !# / @) n] qmdzM ;dfgtfsf] xs / dlxnfsf] xsnfO{ df}lns xsdf ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 . dlxnfsf lj?4 ul/g] e]befj b08gLo x'g], 5f]/f5f]/Lsf ljr k}lqs ;DklQdf a/fa/ xs nfUg] clwsf/nfO{ df}lns xssf ¿kdf Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . To;}ul/ d'n'sL P]gsf ljleGg lzif{sx¿df dlxnf ;dfgtfsf af/]df sfg"gL Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . c+za08fsf] dxn, nf]Ug]:jf:gLsf] dxn, ljjfxjf/Lsf] dxn, ha/h:tLs/0fLsf] dxn nufPtdf dlxnf lj?4 x'g] lx+;f, dlxnf / k'?if ljr ul/g] lje]bxsf] cGt tyf dlxnfsf clwsf/nfO{ yk ;'/lIft ug{sf nflu

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sfg"gL Joj:yf u/]sf] kfOG5 . dfgj a]rljvg tyf cf];f/k;f/ lgoGq0f P]g @)^$ tyf lgodfjnL, 3/]n' lx+;f -lgoGq0f / /f]syfd_ P]g @)^^ tyf lgodfjnL dlxnf lj?4 lx+;f /f]syfdsf nflu NofOPsf pbfx/0fLo sfo{ x'g .

kl5Nnf] k6s g]kfn ;/sf/n] dlxnf lj?4 xg] lx+;f lgoGq0f ug{ s]lx ;sf/fTds sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]usf] u7g b]lv cnUu} dlxnf dGqfno nufPtsf ;+u7gfTds sfo{x¿sf cnfjf sfg"g, gLlt lgdf{0fx¿df klg ;sf/fTds sbd rfn]sf] kfOG5 . lnËdf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf af/]df /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf tof/ kfl/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)!) nfO{ n}lËs lx+;f lj?4sf] aif{ 3f]if0ff ul/ o;nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf] lyof] .

To;} sfo{of]hgfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ qmddf k|wfgdGqL sfof{no cGt/ut /xg] ul/ n}lËs lje]b ;DaGwL OsfO{ :yfkgf u/]sf] 5 o;n] /fli6«o :t/df gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u ug{sf ;fy} ljleGg u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿;+Uf klg ;xsfo{ ul/ lnËsf cfwf/df ul/g] eb]efjnfO{ cGTo ug{ cufl8 al9 /x]sf] 5 . To;}ul/ dfgj a]rljvg ljzif ul/ dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfx¿sf] a]rljvg tyf cf];f/k;f/ lj?4sf] /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf @)^* cufl8 NofO{ sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf /x]sf] 5 .

dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;f dWo]sf] Ps 7"nf] ;d:of dlxnf a]rljvgsf] ;jfn clxn] hNbf]aNbf] ¿kdf cufl8 cfPsf] 5 . ljZjsf] cfs8fn] klg ck/flws sf/f]af/ dWo]sf] dfgj a]rljvg ;a}eGbf al9 x'g] u/]sf] b]vfp5 eg] g]kfndf klg dlxnf a]rljvgsf] ;jfn hl6n ;d:ofsf] ¿kdf cufl8 cfPsf] 5 . clxn] ljleGg axfgfdf g]kfnL dlxnfx¿nfO{ ef/t nufPt t];|f] b]zdf n}hfg] k|a[lQ a9]sf] 5 . a}b]lzs /f]huf/sf] gfddf, ljleGg sfddf nufO{lbg] gfddf g]kfnL dlxnfx¿ clxn] a]rljvgsf] lzsf/ e}/x]sf 5g\ . o;}

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;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfgsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] dfgj a]rljvg tyf cf];f/k;f/ lgoGq0f P]g @)^$ sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] 5 . o;n] cGo sfg"geGbf s8fO{ tyf leGg tl/sfn] sfo{ljlw klg lgwf{/0f u/]sf]n] ;s];Dd cleo'QmnfO{ xb};Ddsf] ;hfo xf];\ eGg] cfzo o; P]gsf] /x]sf] 5 . dfgj a]rljvg / cf];f/k;f/sf]sf] kl/efiff leGgfleGg} ul/ s'g} klg p4]Zon] a]Rg] lsGg], s'g} klg kmfObflnO{ jf glnO{ a]Zofj[lQdf nufpg], k|rlnt sfg"gdf afx]s c+u lemSg] / a]Zofudg ug]{ ;d]tnfO{ a]rljvg eg]sf] 5 eg] lsGg] jf a]Rg] p2]Zon] dflg;nfO{ ljb]zdf n}hfg], j]Zofj[lQdf nufpg] jf zf]if0f ug]{ p2]Zon] s'g} k|sf/n] nnfO{ kmsfO{, k|nf]egdf kf/L, e'mSofO{, hfn;fh u/L, k|k~r ldnfO{, hah{:tL u/L, s/sfkdf kf/L, ckx/0f u/L, z/L/ aGws /fvL, gfh's l:yltsf] kmfObf lnO{, a]xf]; kf/L, kb jf zlQmsf] b'¿kof]u u/L, cleefjs jf ;+/IfsnfO{ k|nf]egdf kf/L, 8/, qf;, wfs, wDsL lbO{ jf s/sfkdf kf/L s;}nfO{ al;/x]sf] 3/, :yfg jf JolQmaf6 5'6fO{ nUg] jf cfk"m;Fu /fVg] jf cfˆgf] lgoGq0fdf lng] jf s'g} :yfgdf /fVg] jf g]kfnleqsf] Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf jf ljb]zdf n}hfg] jf c? s;}nfO{ lbg] sfo{ cf];f/k;f/ x'g] eg]sf] 5 .

dlxnf dfly x'g] lx+;f dWo]sf] ha/h:tL s/0fL klg Ps xf] . o;af/]df d'n'sL P]gsf] ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] dxndf s;}n] s'g} dlxnfnfO{ lghsf] d~h"/L glnO{ s/0fL u/]df jf ;f]x| jif{eGbf sd pd]/sL aflnsfnfO{ lghsf] d~h"/L lnO{ jf glnO{ s/0fL u/]df lghn] hah{:tL s/0fL u/]sf] 7x5{ elg kl/efiff u/]sf] 5 . o;df 8/wfs, wDsL qf; tyf cg'lrt k|efjdf kfl/ u/]sf] sfo{nfO{ klg ;d]6]sf] 5 . of] o:tf] of}ghGo ck/fw xf] ls h;af6 dlxnf :jo+ lkl8t t x'lG5g g} o;n] p;sf] kl/jf/ tyf ;dfhdf g} c;/ k5{ To;}n] o; ck/fwnfO{ h3Go ck/fwsf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] ck/fw g]kfnsf] sfg"g cg';f/ s]an dlxnf dfly dfq x'g] ck/fw dflgG5 . ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] ck/fw s]an k'?ifn] dfq

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ug]{ xf]Og ls dlxnfn] klg k'?ifdfly ha/h:tLs/0fLsf] ck/fw ug{ ;Sg] ePsf]n] e]befj eof] elg bfo/ u/]sf] Zofds[i0f df:s]sf] d'2fdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] g]kfnL ;dfh cg';f/ dlxnfn] k'?ifnfO{ ha/h:tLs/0fL ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf /xb}g elg vf/]h ul/lbPsf] 5 . To;}ul/ dL/f 9'+ufgfsf] Pp6f d'2fdf a}jflxs anfTsf/nfO{ dfGotf lbO{ kltn] klg kTgLsf] d~h'/L ljgf of}gsfo{ u/]df ha/h:tL s/0fL x'g] elg ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] km};nf u/]sf] 5 .

ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] d2fdf cleo'Qmaf6 plrt cfly{s If]ltk"lt{ lbnfO{ lbg], o;sf nflu d'2f bfo/ ubf{ v]l/ g} cleo'Qmsf] c+z afktsf] ;DklQ /f]Ssf /fVg' kg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . ;kgf k|wfg dNnsf] Ps d'2fdf ha/h:tLs/0fL ;DaGwL #% lbg] xbDofbsf] ;DaGwdf ;/sf/sf gfddf lgb]{zgfTds cfb]z lbO{ pQm ;do pko'Qm gePsf]n] pQm xbDofbsf] ;do a9fpg' eg]sf] 5 . hLts'df/L k+u]gLn] a}jflxs anfTsf/sf] ck/flwnfO{ x'g] elgPsf] s}b ;hfo Go"g ePsf]n] cGo ck/fwLnfO{ eP ;/x x'g'kg]{ dfubflj ;lxt bfo/ u/]sf] Pp6f d'2fdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] ;f] af/]df klg af]n]sf] kfOG5 eg] Hof]lt nD;fn kf}8]nn] bfo/ u/]sf] Ps d'2fdf ;a} :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿df anfTsf/ lkl8t dlxnfnfO{ lgMz'Ns pkrf/ tyf k/fdz{ lbO{g] Joj:yf ug'{ eGg] ;jf]{Rrn] cfb]z lbPsf] 5 .

g]kfn ;/sf/n] dfgj a]rljvg tyf cf];f/k;f/ lgoGq0f tyf /f]syfd P]g / 3/]n' lx+;f /f]syfd tyf lgoGq0f P]g cGt/ut 5'6\6f5'6\6} ;'/lIft cfjf; s]Gb|x¿ ljleGg lhNnfdf :yfkgf ul/ lkl8t dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;]jf lbg] tyf k'g{:yfkgfsf nflu ljleGg sfg"gL k/fdz{ ;xof]u tyf cGo k/fdz{sf sfo{x¿ ub}{ cfPsf] kfOG5 . o;sf ;fy} ljleGg u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] klg 3/]n' lx+;fdf k/]sf ;'/Iff cfjf; cfjZostf k/]sf dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;]jf k|bfg ul//x]sf 5g\ . cf]/]s g]kfnn] g]kfn el/ ljleGg & lhNnfdf dlxnf ;'/Iff cfjf; s]Gb|x¿ ;+rfng ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] 5 .

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dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;f /f]syfdsf nflu ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qaf6 lgs} k|of;x¿ ePsf eP klg cem sfof{Gjogsf] ;jfndf Tolt /fd|f] k|ult x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . cf/]s g]kfnn] dfl;s ¿kdf /fli6«o :t/sf kqklqsf 5flkPsf 36gfnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ tof/ kfg]{ dlxnf lx+;f ;DaGwL k|ltj]bgdf s'g} dlxgf 36gf a9]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 eg] s'g} dlxgf yf]/} . ;+VofTds lx;fan] x]bf{ k|lt dlxgf 36gfsf] b/ a9\b} uPsf] b]vfPsf] 5 . h:tf] pQm tYofÍdf x]bf{ @)^( ;fn a}zfvdf !)%, h]i7 @)^( df !$!, c;f/df !^) tyf efb|df (^ dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gf 36]sf 5g\ . o;n] klg s] b]vfp5 eg] dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gf lbg k|ltlbg a9\b} u}/x]sf 5g\ .

!=@ cWoogsf] ;Ldfo; k':tsdf ljleGg lhNnfx¿df ;d'bfo:t/ df lqmofzLn dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ / Ifsx¿n] 36gf clen] vLs/ 0f u/ L k7fPsf 36gfx¿, :ynut ¿kdf cg';Gwfg tyf clen] vLs/ 0f ul/ Psf 36gfx¿, ;+:yfn] ;'/ lIft cfjf;, sfg'gL k/ fdz{ tyf sfg'gL ;xof] u, :jf:Yo pkrf/ nufotsf ;xof] u k'¥ofPsf] 36gfx¿nfO{ ;dfj] z u/ L ljZn] if0f ul/ Psf] 5 . / fli6«o kqklqsfx¿df k|sfzg ePsf dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] cg'udg u/ L pQm cg'udgsf cfwf/ df ul/ Psf] ljZn] if0fnfO{ klg o; k':tsdf ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5 .

o; k':ttsdf % j6} ljsf; If] qdf dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿nfO{ ;dfj] z ug{] k|of; ul/ Psf] 5 . tfklg ;dfhdf n's] / / x] sf / cem klg aflx/ cfpg g;s] sf, dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ / Ifsx¿ / ;+:yfsf] kx'FreGbf aflx/ / x] sf 36gfx¿ o; k':tsdf ;dfj] z ug{ ;lsPsf] 5} g .

o; k':tsn] g] kfnsf] ;du| dlxnfx¿sf] cj:yfnfO{ k|ltljlDjt ug{ g;s] klg g] kfnsf] dlxnf lx+;fsf] cj:yfsf] :j¿k eg] lrq0f

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ub{5 eGg] ljZjf; lnOPsf] 5 .

!=# cWoog ljlw clen] vLs/ 0fsf] ;Lk k|fKt tyf cf] / ] s g] kfnåf/ f clen] vLs/ 0fsf] tflnd lbOPsf JolQmx¿af6 36gf clen] vLs/ 0f ul/ Psf] lyof] . clen] vLs/ 0f ul/ Psf 36gfx¿sf] uf] kgLotf sfod ug{ x/ ] s 36gfx¿df sf] 8 g+Da/ / fvL P;\=lk=P;\=P;\= ;km\6j] / eh{g !!=% tYofÍnfO{ Jojl:yt / ;+ul7t ug{] sfo{ ul/ Psf] lyof] . / pQm ;km\6j] / s} dfWodaf6 36gfx¿nfO{ ljZn] if0f u/ L k|fKt tYofÍx¿nfO{ o; k':tsdf ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5 .

;+rf/ dfWoddf k|sfzg ePsf dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿nfO{ klg df ljZn] if0f ul/ Psf] lyof] .

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lgisif{ / ;'emfjx¿dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f g] kfnsf] ;Gbe{df dfq gP/ ljZjdf g} hl6n ;d:ofsf] ¿kdf ljBdfg 5 . dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f dfgj clwsf/ xgg\sf] w] / } ] nHhf:kb pbfx/ 0f xf] . dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf :j¿kx¿ ljleGg ePtf klg of] ;a} ju{, ef} uf} lns ;Ldf, ;+:s[ltx¿df JofKt / x] sf] kfO{G5 . ha;Dd dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] cGTo x'Fb} g ta;Dd ;dfgtf, ljsf; / zflGtsf] ;xL k|ult xfFl;n ug{ ;lsb} +g -sf] kmL cGgfg, k'j{ dxf;lrj, ;+o'Qm / fi6« ;ª\3_ .

dlxnfdfly x'g] x/ ] s lx+;f ck/ fw xf] / of] dfgj clwsf/ sf] xgg\ xf] . dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf sf/ 0f dlxnfx¿ cfwf/ e"t dfgj clwsf/ x¿M afFRg kfpg] clwsf/ , ;dfgtfsf] clwsf/ , oftgfd'Qm eO{ hLjgofkg ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ , :jtGq / ;'/ lIft ¿kdf hLjgofkg ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ ;d] taf6 al~rt agfO{Psf 5g\ . dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf sf/ 0f dlxnfsf] zf/ Ll/ s, dfgl;s, ;fdflhs / cfly{s hLjgdf k|ToIf ¿kdf c;/ kb{5 eg] afnaflnsf / kl/ jf/ klg dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;faf6 k|efljt x'g] ub{5g\ .

dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] Go"gLs/ 0fsf nflu ;/ sf/ L / u} / ;/ sf/ L b'j} If] qx¿af6 ljleGg k|of;x¿ ePsf 5g\ . oBkL xfn;Dd ePsf k|of;x¿ ;Lldt dfqfdf sfof{Gjog÷nfu" ul/ Psf] 5 h;n] ubf{ dlxnfx¿sf] hLjgdf ck] Iffs[t kl/ jt{g x'g ;s] sf] 5} g . dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] Go"gLs/ 0fsf nflu ;+/ rgfut kl/ jt{g clt cfjZos 5 . To;sf ;fy} dlxnfx¿sf nflu kof{Kt ;xof] uL ;+oGqsf] lj:tf/ ul/ g' jf~5gLo 5 .

kl/R5]b !@ M lgisif{ / ;'emfjx¿

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dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] cGTo ;Dej 5 . o;sf nflu ;j{k|yd dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f dlxnfsf] dfq ;jfn geP/ ;a} sf] k|d'v ;jfnsf] ¿kdf :yflkt ul/ g' h?/ L 5 . ;dfhdf h/ f] uf8] / / x] s] f lje] bk"0f{ lkQ[;QfTds ;+/ rgfn] ;a} If] qnfO{ k|efj kf/ ] sf] 5 . o;y{ s'g} Ps If] qdf ePsf] kl/ jt{gn] dfq dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] cGTo ;Dej 5} g . x/ ] s If] qx¿df dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt x'g' cfjZos 5 . dlxnfd'vL sfg'gL Joj:yf, ePsf] gLlt lgodx¿sf] n} lËs ;+j] bgzLntfsf ;fy k|efjsf/ L ¿kdf sfof{Gjog, ;] jf k|bfos sfg'gL, Goflos, :jf:Yo nufot ;a} If] qx¿df n} lËs ;+j] bgzLntfsf] ljsf; / dlxnfd'vL jftfj/ 0f tof/ ug{ ;s] df dlxnfx¿sf] "df}gtfsf] ;+:s[lt" nfO{ eË ub{} dlxnfx¿df lx+;fnfO{ ægfO{Æ eGgsf nflu cfTdan / yk cfTdljZjf;sf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 .

o; k':tsdf ul/ Psf] dlxnfdfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] ljZn] if0f kZrft\ dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fk|lt ;a} ;/ f] sf/ jfnfx¿nfO{ hjfkmb] xL, pQ/ bfoL aGg / ;Daf] wg ug{ xfdL lgDg ;'emfjx¿ k] z ub{5f} + M

• dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f lj?4 sfo{/ t ;ª\3;+:yfx¿n] cf–cfkm\g} 9ª\un] dlxnf lj?4sf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] tYofÍ ;ª\sng ug{] u/ ] tf klg ;du|df dlxnfdfly x'g] u/ ] sf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿sf] / fli6«o tYofÍ pknAw 5} g . g] kfndf n} lu+s lje] bdf cfwfl/ t lje] b ;'rgf Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf / fli6«o dlxnf cfof] udf ePsf] 5 . o;y{ o;sf] k|efjsf/ L ;~rfngsf nflu g] kfn ;/ sf/ af6} cg'udg / cfjZos ;|f] t ;fwgx¿ pknAw u/ fOg' h?/ L 5 .

• ;xof] uL ;+oGqx¿df dlxnfsf] kx'Fr k'u] sf] l:yltdf dfq dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf 36gfx¿ aflx/ cfpg] x'Fbf dlxnfsf]

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;xh kx'Frdf x'g] u/ L g] kfn ;/ sf/ af6 b] zsf &% j6} lhNnfx¿df ;xof] uL ;+oGqx¿ -;'/ lIft cfjf;, sfg'gL k/ fdz{ tyf ;xof] u, lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfsf nflu lgz'Ns :jf:Yo hfFr cfbL_ sf] ljsf; ul/ g' jf~5gLo 5 .

• dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf sf/ 0f dlxnfx¿sf] dfgl;s :jf:Yodf a9L c;/ kg{] u/ ] sf] kfO{Psf] 5 . o;y{ dlxnfsf] kx'Frdf x'g] u/ L ;d'bfo :t/ df dgf] ;fdflhs k/ fdz{ s] Gb|x¿sf] :yfkgf u/ L tflnd k|fKt / ;Lkjfg JolQmx¿af6 ;] jf k|bfg ul/ g' kb{5 .

• dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] d"n sf/ 0fsf] ¿kdf kl/ jf/ , ;dfh / b] zs} x/ ] s ;+/ rgfx¿df h/ f] uf8] / / x] sf] lje] bk"0f{ lkQ[;QfTds ;+/ rgf lhDd] jf/ kfO{Psf] 5 . dlxnf / k'?ifsf nflu lgwf{l/ t e"ldsfdf kl/ jt{g gu/ L dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf] cGTo ;Dej 5} g . of] kl/ jt{gsf nflu / fHosf x/ ] s lgsfox¿df dlxnfsf] ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ul/ g' jf~5gLo 5 .

• 3/ ] n' lx+;f lgoGq0fsf nflu ag] sf] 3/ ] n' lx+;f -s;'/ / ;hfo_ P] g @)^^ / lgodfjnL @)^& n] 3/ ] n' lx+;fsf ;a} kIfx¿nfO{ ;d] 6\g ;s] sf] 5} g, / sfg'gL k|lqmofsf s'/ fx¿ klg c:ki6 ePsf x'Fbf o;nfO{ t'?Gt kl/ dfh{g ul/ g' cfjZos 5 .

• @)^* kmfu'g !! ut] k|wfgdGqL 8f= afa'/ fd e§/ fO{åf/ f dGqfnosf ;lrjx¿ / ;'/ Iff lgsfonfO{ dlxnfn] 36gfx¿sf] ph'/ L u/ ] sf] @$ 306fleq sfjf{xL ug{] Joj:yf ug{ lbPsf] lgb{] zg cem;Dd klg Jojxf/ df nfu" x'g ;s] sf] 5} g . o;y{ k|wfgdGqLaf6 ePsf] Tof] lgb{] zgsf] k|efjsf/ L

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sfof{Gjog ;] jf k|bfos x/ ] s lgsfoaf6 oyflz3| ul/ g' h?/ L 5 .

• dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf 36gfsf] ph'/ L lnP/ hfFbf klg ph'/ L g;'Gg] , pN6} dlxnfnfO{ yk kL8f k'¥ofpg] vfnsf lqmofsnfk ;/ sf/ L ;+oGqdf / x] sf sd{rf/ Lx¿af6 g} x'g] u/ ] sf] w] / } u'gf;fx¿ dlxnfaf6 cfPsf 5g\ . o;y{ o;/ L dlxnfnfO{ yk kL8f k'¥ofpg] ;/ sf/ L ;+oGqdf / x] sf jf ;] jf k|bfg ug{] :yfgdf / x] sf JolQmx¿nfO{ dlxnfdfly lx+;f ug{ lg?T;flxt ug{sf nflu g] kfn ;/ sf/ åf/ f ljz] if Joj:yf cljnDj ul/ g' kb{5 .

dlxnfdfly h'g;'s} ;dodf klg lx+;f x'g ;Sg] x'Fbf dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f ;Daf] wgsf nflu u7g ePsf / fHosf lgsfox¿af6 lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfsf] cfjZostfnfO{ x] / L ;dosf] s'g} kfjlGblagf ;] jf lj:tf/ ul/ g'kb{5 .

sfg'gsf lje] bsf/ L ;Dk"0f{ k|fjwfgx¿ vf/ ] h u/ L kLl8t s] lGb|t Gofo k|0ffnL, gofF sfg'gsf] lgdf{0f ul/ g' cfjZos 5 .

kLl8t÷k|efljt / ;fIfLsf] ;'/ Iffsf nflu ;'/ Iff / ;+/ If0f P] gsf] t'?Gt Joj:yf ul/ g' kb{5 .

;d'bfo :t/ df dlxnf clwsf/ ;'lglZrttfsf nflu :jod;] jL efjgfn] lqmofzLn dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ / Ifsx¿n] ljleGg lsl;dsf r'gf} tLx¿sf] ;fdgf ug'{kg{] l:yltn] b08xLgtfsf] ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; u/ ] sf] 5 . dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ / Ifsx¿dfly x'g] lx+;fsf] hf] lvd sd ug{sf nflu g] kfn ;/ sf/ af6 dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ / Ifsx¿sf] ;'/ Iffsf] gLltut Joj:yf cljnDa ul/ g' kb{5 .

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