Anatomy & Physiology - Manatee School for the Arts 4 Skin.… · ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Skin and Body...
Transcript of Anatomy & Physiology - Manatee School for the Arts 4 Skin.… · ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Skin and Body...
![Page 1: Anatomy & Physiology - Manatee School for the Arts 4 Skin.… · ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Skin and Body Membranes . EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES ... Jaundice (yellow skin) ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a9de1d67f8b9ae0108cf758/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
Skin and Body Membranes
![Page 2: Anatomy & Physiology - Manatee School for the Arts 4 Skin.… · ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Skin and Body Membranes . EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES ... Jaundice (yellow skin) ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a9de1d67f8b9ae0108cf758/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES
These are membranes that cover and line the
body (any area that is exposed to air).
These include: cutaneous membranes (skin),
mucous membranes, and serous membranes.
![Page 3: Anatomy & Physiology - Manatee School for the Arts 4 Skin.… · ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Skin and Body Membranes . EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES ... Jaundice (yellow skin) ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a9de1d67f8b9ae0108cf758/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
MUCOUS MEMBRANES SEROUS MEMBRANES
Line all body cavities
exposed to the exterior
(respiratory, urinary, and
reproductive tracts).
These act as protection and
lubrication (mostly).
Line enclosed body cavities:
Parietal lines the wall
Visceral lines the organs
Serous fluid is between the
serous membranes (visceral
and parietal)
The peritoneum lines the
organs of the abdominal
cavity.
The pericardium surrounds
the heart and pleura
surrounds the lungs.
![Page 4: Anatomy & Physiology - Manatee School for the Arts 4 Skin.… · ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Skin and Body Membranes . EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES ... Jaundice (yellow skin) ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a9de1d67f8b9ae0108cf758/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
CONNECTIVE TISSUE MEMBRANES
Synovial
membranes:
surround the
joints and contain
lubricating fluid
(synovial fluid)
May contain sacs
called bursae
http://www.google.com/imgres?
![Page 5: Anatomy & Physiology - Manatee School for the Arts 4 Skin.… · ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Skin and Body Membranes . EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES ... Jaundice (yellow skin) ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a9de1d67f8b9ae0108cf758/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM (CUTANEOUS
MEMBRANE):
a.k.a. skin
Means covering
Contains keratin, a
waterproofing protein
Serves for homeostasis:
Protects the body (covers)
Regulates body temperature
Prevents H2O loss
Secretes some waste
Location of sensory (some) equipment
![Page 6: Anatomy & Physiology - Manatee School for the Arts 4 Skin.… · ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Skin and Body Membranes . EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES ... Jaundice (yellow skin) ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a9de1d67f8b9ae0108cf758/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
STRUCTURE OF SKIN
1. Epidermis: -outer layer of skin -contain melanocytes
(cells that have melanin, a pigment)
2. Dermis: -inner layer of skin -composed of
connective tissue (with collagen & elastic fibers), nervous tissue, & blood
-thicker than epidermis
3. Subcutaneous: -a.k.a. as the hypodermis
-Below the dermis
-Composed of loose connective tissue and adipose (fat)
-Binds the skin to underlying organs
![Page 8: Anatomy & Physiology - Manatee School for the Arts 4 Skin.… · ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Skin and Body Membranes . EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES ... Jaundice (yellow skin) ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a9de1d67f8b9ae0108cf758/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
FUN FACTS ABOUT THE EPIDERMIS
Think about the saying “Beauty is only skin deep.” Everything we see when we look at someone is dead skin cells.
The average person sheds about 40 lbs of dandruff (part of the epidermis) in a lifetime.
We grow a new epidermis about every 25-45 days.
![Page 9: Anatomy & Physiology - Manatee School for the Arts 4 Skin.… · ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Skin and Body Membranes . EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES ... Jaundice (yellow skin) ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a9de1d67f8b9ae0108cf758/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
FUN FACTS ABOUT THE DERMIS
Fingerprints, caused by dermal papillae (or
nipples), are genetically determined.
Since the dermal layer contains fat (adipose),
and as we age, we lose fat and the elasticity of
our skin, the dermal layer sags. This forms
wrinkles.
![Page 10: Anatomy & Physiology - Manatee School for the Arts 4 Skin.… · ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Skin and Body Membranes . EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES ... Jaundice (yellow skin) ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a9de1d67f8b9ae0108cf758/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
SKIN COLOR
PIGMENTS THAT CAUSE SKIN COLOR: OTHER CAUSES OF SKIN COLOR:
Melanin (yellow, reddish-
brown, or black)
Carotene (orange-yellow)
Hemoglobin (red)
Emotions
Illness (hypertension, fever, inflammation, etc.)
Jaundice (yellow skin)
Bruising
Environment (UV rays)
Bloods vessels: If poorly oxygenated, a bluish appearance occurs. This is called cyanosis.
https://www.google.com/search?q=blue+man+with+silver+poisoning&newwindow=1&tbm=isch&imgil=3xmZvelDrV4DuM%253A%253BSxHn4MGFuQnVfM%253Bhttp%25253A%25252F%25252Fwww.oprah.com%25252Fhealth%25252Fthe-man-who-turned-blue_1%25252F2&source=iu&pf=m&fir=3xmZvelDrV4D
![Page 11: Anatomy & Physiology - Manatee School for the Arts 4 Skin.… · ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Skin and Body Membranes . EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES ... Jaundice (yellow skin) ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a9de1d67f8b9ae0108cf758/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
APPENDAGES OF SKIN (ACCESSORY ORGANS):
Cutaneous glands: a.k.a. exocrine glands
Sebaceous glands (oil secreting glands)
Secrete sebum (oil)
Keeps hair and skin soft
Protects skin and kills bacteria
Sweat glands
a.k.a. Sudoriferous glands
Eccrine glands secrete sweat to regulate temperate
Apocrine glands secrete sweat in emotions (stress,
pain, sex, and sometimes thermoregulation).
Sweat is a mixture of water, urea, and salts.
![Page 12: Anatomy & Physiology - Manatee School for the Arts 4 Skin.… · ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Skin and Body Membranes . EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES ... Jaundice (yellow skin) ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a9de1d67f8b9ae0108cf758/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
APPENDAGES OF SKIN (ACCESSORY ORGANS):
Hair protects skin
Hair follicles produce
hair
Located on all parts of
skin except: palms,
soles, lips, nipples, and
some reproductive
structures.
Nails protect skin and
sensory equipment
under skin.
http://www.google.com/imgres?
![Page 13: Anatomy & Physiology - Manatee School for the Arts 4 Skin.… · ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Skin and Body Membranes . EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES ... Jaundice (yellow skin) ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a9de1d67f8b9ae0108cf758/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Warning: there are images on the next few slides
that MAY be disturbing!
Really.
![Page 14: Anatomy & Physiology - Manatee School for the Arts 4 Skin.… · ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Skin and Body Membranes . EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES ... Jaundice (yellow skin) ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a9de1d67f8b9ae0108cf758/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
IMBALANCES OF THE SKIN
Bedsores (pressure ulcers) occur when a
patient remains in one position too long. The
skin cells dies as a result of lack of blood
supply.
http://www.google.com/imgres?
![Page 15: Anatomy & Physiology - Manatee School for the Arts 4 Skin.… · ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Skin and Body Membranes . EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES ... Jaundice (yellow skin) ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a9de1d67f8b9ae0108cf758/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
IMBALANCES OF THE SKIN
Acne is caused by an infection of the
sebaceous glands.
http://www.google.com/imgres?
![Page 16: Anatomy & Physiology - Manatee School for the Arts 4 Skin.… · ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Skin and Body Membranes . EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES ... Jaundice (yellow skin) ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a9de1d67f8b9ae0108cf758/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
IMBALANCES OF THE SKIN
A burn is tissue damage
(& cell death) caused by
some type of intense
heat.
There are 2 life-
threatening problems for
burn-victims: fluid loss
and infection
Pathogens (invaders like
bacteria or fungi) feed off
of destroyed skin.
Doctors estimate fluid loss
(for burn victims) by using
the rule of nines.
This divides the body into
11 areas, each accounting
for 9% of the total body
surface area + 1%
representing the genital
area.
![Page 17: Anatomy & Physiology - Manatee School for the Arts 4 Skin.… · ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Skin and Body Membranes . EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES ... Jaundice (yellow skin) ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a9de1d67f8b9ae0108cf758/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
BURNS
First-degree burns: epidermis is damaged (think sunburns).
Second-degree burns: epidermis and some dermal tissue (upper layer) are damaged. Blisters occur.
This is painful.
Third-degree burns: destroys skin (a.k.a. full-thickness burns). Nerve endings in the area of burned tissue are
destroyed (therefore, NOT painful).
Skin grafting must be done to recover b/c skin will not regenerate in these areas.
![Page 19: Anatomy & Physiology - Manatee School for the Arts 4 Skin.… · ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Skin and Body Membranes . EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES ... Jaundice (yellow skin) ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a9de1d67f8b9ae0108cf758/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
SKIN CANCER
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA: BASAL CELL CARCINOMA:
Quick growing skin cancer
that appears on epidermis.
Can metastasize (spread) to
lymph nodes (w/o treatment:
surgery or radiation).
Usually caused by sun
exposure.
Often found on ears, scalp,
lower lip, & back of the hand
Most common type of skin
cancer.
Slow growing, shiny round
nodules appear.
Usually caused by sun
exposure.
Rarely spread before
treatment (surgery).
Often found on face.
![Page 21: Anatomy & Physiology - Manatee School for the Arts 4 Skin.… · ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Skin and Body Membranes . EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES ... Jaundice (yellow skin) ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a9de1d67f8b9ae0108cf758/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
SKIN CANCER
Malignant melanoma:
Cancer of melanocytes
Can be lethal
Usually appear spontaneously (however, can be caused b/c a mole changes, DNA is damaged, genetic causes, or sun damage).
Metastasizes quickly to lymph nodes and BVs (then to other organs).
Treatment: surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy
![Page 22: Anatomy & Physiology - Manatee School for the Arts 4 Skin.… · ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Skin and Body Membranes . EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES ... Jaundice (yellow skin) ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a9de1d67f8b9ae0108cf758/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
MALIGNANT MELANOMA
ABCD recognition:
(A) Asymmetry: pigment
is uneven
(B) Border irregularity:
the lesion is not smooth
(C) Color: the color of
the lesion varies within
the lesion (shades)
(D) Diameter: the lesion
is larger than 6 mm
(pencil eraser)
http://www.google.com/imgres?
![Page 23: Anatomy & Physiology - Manatee School for the Arts 4 Skin.… · ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Skin and Body Membranes . EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES ... Jaundice (yellow skin) ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a9de1d67f8b9ae0108cf758/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Look up in text or online! Know the following:
Athlete’s foot, boils, cold sores, dermatitis,
impetigo, and psoriasis.
![Page 24: Anatomy & Physiology - Manatee School for the Arts 4 Skin.… · ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Skin and Body Membranes . EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES ... Jaundice (yellow skin) ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062600/5a9de1d67f8b9ae0108cf758/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
This slide show was developed by Dana Halloran,
Cardinal Mooney High School, Sarasota, FL.
Used with her personal permission,
adapted and amended by Rosa Whiting,
Manatee School for the Arts, Palmetto, FL.