Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 4 tissues - epithelium
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Transcript of Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 4 tissues - epithelium
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Warm-Up
1. What is a tissue?2. The study of tissues is called ______.3. What are the 4 main types of
tissues? (See the intro to Chapter 4 in textbook)
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Warm-UpWhat type of epithelial cell is shown below?
1. 2.
3.
4.
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
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Chapter 4
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Tissue: group of cells that are similar in structure and function
Histology: study of tissues
Types of Tissues:1. Epithelium (covering)2. Connective (support)3. Muscle (movement)4. Nervous (control)
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Preparing tissues for microscopy
Specimen is fixed (preserved) Cut into thin sections (slices) Stained with colored dyes
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Part I: Epithelial Tissue
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Epithelial Tissue
“epithe” = laid on, covering Structure:
1. Covering and lining epithelium2. Glandular epithelium
Function: Protection Absorption Filtration Secretion
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Special Properties1. Polarity
Apical surface = exposed free surface or edge (some with microvilli, cilia)
Basal surface = lower, attached surface
2. Specialized contacts Fits close together to form continuous
sheets
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Special Properties3. Supported by connective tissue
Rests on basement membrane 4. No blood supply (avascular)
Rely on diffusion and underlying connective tissue for food/O2
5. Regeneration – Replace lost cells
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Classification Two names = (# cell layers) + (shape of cells) Cell Layers: simple or stratified Shapes: squamous, cuboidal, or columnar
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Simple Epithelium
Absorption, secretion, filtration Very thin
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Simple Epithelium
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Simple Epithelium
Simple squamous Filtration, rapid diffusion Capillary walls, air sacs in lungs, kidney
filtration Serous membranes: slick layer lining
ventral body cavity and its organs
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Simple Epithelium Simple cuboidal
Secretion & absorption Lines ducts of glands (salivary), kidney
tubules, ovary surface
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Simple Epithelium
Simple columnar Absorption and
secretion Lines digestive tract Microvilli, cilia Mucous
membranes: lubricating mucus
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Simple Epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar Rests on basement membrane – false
impression (pseudo) of being multi-layered
Secretes or absorbs Respiratory tract – cilia propels mucus
from lungs
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Stratified Epithelium
2+ layers, more durable Main function = protect
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Stratified Epithelium
Stratified squamous Withstand abuse, friction Esophagus, mouth, outer portion of skin
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Stratified Epithelium
Stratified cuboidal Usually 2 layers Mainly in ducts of large glands (sweat,
mammary, salivary)
Sweat Gland Esophageal Gland
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Stratified Epithelium
Stratified columnar Thick, waterproof layer Pharynx, male urethra, lining ducts
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Transitional Epithelium
Able to change shape (cuboidal squamous)
Lining of hollow urinary organs (bladder, ureter, urethra)
Stretches when filled with urine
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Glandular Epithelium
Gland: make and secrete a particular product
2 Types: Endocrine gland: produce hormones
secreted into tissue fluid or bloodstream
Exocrine gland: secrete products into ducts onto body surfaces or body cavities Eg. mucous, sweat, oil, saliva, bile
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Exocrine Glands
Unicellular Multicellular Mucus cells or
goblet cells Duct structure