Anatomy of the Muscular Anatomy of the Muscular SystemSystem

Anatomy & PhysiologyAnatomy & Physiology

Skeletal Muscle StructureSkeletal Muscle Structure

EndomysiumEndomysium: connective tissue : connective tissue membrane that surrounds individual membrane that surrounds individual muscle fibers or cellsmuscle fibers or cells

FasciclesFascicles: groups of skeletal muscle : groups of skeletal muscle fibersfibers

PerimysiumPerimysium: connective tissue : connective tissue membrane surrounding fasciclesmembrane surrounding fascicles

EpimysiumEpimysium: connective tissue : connective tissue membrane around muscle as a wholemembrane around muscle as a whole

Skeletal Muscle StructureSkeletal Muscle Structure

Attachment to bonesAttachment to bones

TendonsTendons: : strong touch strong touch cordcord

AponeurosisAponeurosis: : broad flat broad flat sheet of sheet of connective connective tissuetissue

FasciaFascia

Fibrous connective tissue Fibrous connective tissue surrounding the muscle organ surrounding the muscle organ & tendon& tendon

Attachment of Skeletal Attachment of Skeletal MusclesMuscles

OriginOrigin: point of : point of attachment that attachment that doesn’t move doesn’t move when muscle when muscle contractscontracts

InsertionInsertion: point of : point of attachment that attachment that moves when moves when muscles contractmuscles contract

Muscle ActionsMuscle Actions

Agonist (prime mover)Agonist (prime mover) AntagonistAntagonist SynergistSynergist FixatorFixator

Agonist and antagonistAgonist and antagonist AgonistAgonist: muscle or : muscle or

group of muscles group of muscles that that directly that that directly perform a specific perform a specific movementmovement

AntagonistAntagonist: : muscles that muscles that oppose a prime oppose a prime mover or agonist. mover or agonist. Relaxed when Relaxed when agonist when agonist when contractscontracts

Synergist & FixatorSynergist & Fixator

SynergistsSynergists: muscles that : muscles that contract at the same time as the contract at the same time as the prime mover. They complement prime mover. They complement prime mover actions.prime mover actions.

FixatorFixator: generally function as : generally function as joint stabilizers. Serve to joint stabilizers. Serve to maintain posture or balance.maintain posture or balance.

How muscles are namedHow muscles are named Location: biceps, brachiiLocation: biceps, brachii Function: adductor, longusFunction: adductor, longus Shape: trapeziusShape: trapezius Direction of fibers: rectus, abdominusDirection of fibers: rectus, abdominus Number of heads: biceps, brachiiNumber of heads: biceps, brachii Points of attachment: Points of attachment:

sternocleidomastoidsternocleidomastoid Size: gluteus, maximusSize: gluteus, maximus

GO TO: Muscle labeling GO TO: Muscle labeling slidesslides

Muscles of the HeadMuscles of the Head

Muscles of facial Muscles of facial expressionexpression Occipitofrontalis #6Occipitofrontalis #6 Orbicularis oris #4Orbicularis oris #4 Orbicularis oculi #2Orbicularis oculi #2 Zygomaticus #3Zygomaticus #3 BuccinatorBuccinator

Muscles of Muscles of MasticationMastication Massester #15Massester #15 Temporalis #1Temporalis #1

Muscles of the NeckMuscles of the Neck

SternocleidomastSternocleidomastoid #16 front oid #16 front viewview

Trapezius #6 Trapezius #6 back viewback view

Muscles of the ThoraxMuscles of the Thorax

Internal intercostalsInternal intercostals External intercostalsExternal intercostals DiaphragmDiaphragm

Muscles of the Abdominal Muscles of the Abdominal WallWall

External oblique #17 frontExternal oblique #17 front Internal oblique #9 frontInternal oblique #9 front Tranversus abdominus Tranversus abdominus Rectus abdominus #8 front Rectus abdominus #8 front

Muscles of the Abdominal Muscles of the Abdominal WallWall

Biceps brachiiBiceps brachii

Flexes forearmFlexes forearm # 7 front view# 7 front view

Triceps brachiiTriceps brachii

Extends Extends the lower the lower armarm

#8 back #8 back viewview

PectoralisPectoralis

#5 front view#5 front view

DeltoidsDeltoids

#6 front #6 front viewview

Serratus anteriorSerratus anterior

#23 front #23 front viewview

Teres majorTeres major

#12 back view#12 back view

BrachialisBrachialis

PronatorPronator

# 24, front view# 24, front view

BachioradialisBachioradialis

#25 front #25 front viewview

Flexor carpi ulnarisFlexor carpi ulnaris

Flexor carpi radialisFlexor carpi radialis

#26 front view#26 front view

Gluteus maximusGluteus maximus

#1, back view#1, back view

Gluteus mediusGluteus medius

#11 back view#11 back view

PectineusPectineus

#27 front view#27 front view

GracilisGracilis

#11 front view#11 front view

SartoriusSartorius

#12 front view#12 front view

Adductor magnusAdductor magnus

#2 back view#2 back view #10 front view#10 front view

Rectus femorisRectus femoris

#19 front view#19 front view

Vastus lateralisVastus lateralis

#20 front view#20 front view

Vastus medialisVastus medialis

#21 front view#21 front view

Vastus intermediusVastus intermedius

Biceps femorisBiceps femoris

#3 back view#3 back view

SemimembranosusSemimembranosus

SemitendinosusSemitendinosus

#4 back view#4 back view

PeroneusPeroneus

#22 front view#22 front view

Tibialis anteriorTibialis anterior

#13 front view#13 front view

SoleusSoleus

#13 back view#13 back view

GastrocnemiusGastrocnemius

#5 back view#5 back view

Image CitationsImage Citations Slide 3: Structure of skeletal muscle, 11/5/06, Slide 3: Structure of skeletal muscle, 11/5/06,

http://www.people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301notes3.htm

Slide 4, 8, 13:Slide 4, 8, 13: Slide 6: muscle, 11/5/06, Slide 6: muscle, 11/5/06,

http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20Notes%20J%20Anatomy%20of%20a%20Muscle.htm

Slide 17: Biceps brachii, 11/5/06, Slide 17: Biceps brachii, 11/5/06, http://homepages.utoledo.edu/smcgreg2/ANTMUSCLE/sld004.htm

Slide 18: Triceps brachii, 11/5/06, Slide 18: Triceps brachii, 11/5/06, http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triceps_brachii

Slide 19: Pectoralis major, 11/5/06, Slide 19: Pectoralis major, 11/5/06, http://www.exrx.net/Muscles/PectoralisSternal.html

Image CitationsImage Citations Slide 20: Deltoids, 11/5/06, Slide 20: Deltoids, 11/5/06,

http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/kids/science/Biology%20Cells/Muscle/Kids%20Muscles/Shoulder/Shoulder.htm

Slide 21: Serratus anterior, 11/5/06, Slide 21: Serratus anterior, 11/5/06, http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99sie%C5%84_z%C4%99baty_przedni

Slide 22: Teres major, 11/5/06, Slide 22: Teres major, 11/5/06, http://www.abcbodybuilding.com/anatomy/shouldersanatomy1.htm

Slide 23: Brachialis, 11/5/06, Slide 23: Brachialis, 11/5/06, http://www.letempledelaforme.com/anatomie/anatomie/brachial_anterieur.htm

Slide 24: Pronator teres, 11/5/06, Slide 24: Pronator teres, 11/5/06, http://www.rad.washington.edu/atlas/pronatorteres.html

Image CitationsImage Citations Slide 25 & 26: Brachioradialis, 11/5/06, Slide 25 & 26: Brachioradialis, 11/5/06,

http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20Notes%20J%20%20Muscles%20of%20the%20Arm.htm

Slide 27: Flexor carpi radialis, 11/5/06, Slide 27: Flexor carpi radialis, 11/5/06, http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20Notes%20J%20%20Muscles%20of%20the%20Arm.htm

Slide 28: Gluteal muscles, 11/5/06, Slide 28: Gluteal muscles, 11/5/06, http://www.audreysmassage.com/featurepage/gluteal.html

Slide 29: Gluteus medius, 11/5/06, Slide 29: Gluteus medius, 11/5/06, http://www.audreysmassage.com/featurepage/gluteal.html

Slide 30: Diagram of pectineus m, 11/5/06, Slide 30: Diagram of pectineus m, 11/5/06, http://summit.stanford.edu/ourwork/PROJECTS/LUCY/lucywebsite/pectineus1.html

Image CitationsImage Citations Slide 31: Anterior hip muscles, 11/5/06, Slide 31: Anterior hip muscles, 11/5/06,

http://www.answers.com/topic/gracilis-muscle Slide 32: Sartorius, 11/5/06, Slide 32: Sartorius, 11/5/06,

http://www.sportandsupport.nl/sartorius.html Slide 33: Adductor magnus and longus, 11/5/06, Slide 33: Adductor magnus and longus, 11/5/06,

http://courses.washington.edu/hubio553/atlas/205.html

Slide 34: Rectus femoris, 11/5/06, Slide 34: Rectus femoris, 11/5/06, http://www.sante.cc/electro/dossiers/quadrifemo/fig01.htm

Slide 35: Vastus lateralis, 11/5/06, Slide 35: Vastus lateralis, 11/5/06, http://myphlip.pearsoncmg.com/altproducts/drugghttp://myphlip.pearsoncmg.com/altproducts/drugguide/ab2page.cfm?vbcid=6645&vid=1110uide/ab2page.cfm?vbcid=6645&vid=1110

Slide 36: Vastus medialis, 11/5/06, Slide 36: Vastus medialis, 11/5/06, http://www.sante.cc/electro/dossiers/quadrifemo/fihttp://www.sante.cc/electro/dossiers/quadrifemo/fig03.htmg03.htm

Image CitationsImage Citations Slide 37: Vastus intermedius, 11/5/06, Slide 37: Vastus intermedius, 11/5/06,

http://www.sante.cc/electro/dossiers/quadrifemo/fig04.htmhttp://www.sante.cc/electro/dossiers/quadrifemo/fig04.htm Slide 38: Biceps femoris, 11/5/06, Slide 38: Biceps femoris, 11/5/06,

http://www.gomotion.dk/pe1.asp?p_id=171http://www.gomotion.dk/pe1.asp?p_id=171 Slide 39: Hamstring muscles, 11/5/06, Slide 39: Hamstring muscles, 11/5/06,

http://www.gla.ac.uk/ibls/fab/tutorial/anatomy/thight.htmlhttp://www.gla.ac.uk/ibls/fab/tutorial/anatomy/thight.html Slide 40: Semitendinosus, 11/5/06, Slide 40: Semitendinosus, 11/5/06,

http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20Noteshttp://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20Notes%20J%20%20Muscles%20of%20the%20Leg.htm%20J%20%20Muscles%20of%20the%20Leg.htm

Slide 41: Peroneus, 11/5/06, Slide 41: Peroneus, 11/5/06, http://biking.taiiku.tsukuba.ac.jp/~takai/Anatomy/e-http://biking.taiiku.tsukuba.ac.jp/~takai/Anatomy/e-anatomy/GR/peroneus.l.GIFanatomy/GR/peroneus.l.GIF

Slide 42: diagram of tibialis anterior, 11/5/06, Slide 42: diagram of tibialis anterior, 11/5/06, http://vancouvermassage.ca/articles/spot-03.phphttp://vancouvermassage.ca/articles/spot-03.php

Image CitationsImage Citations Slide 43: soleus, 11/5/06, Slide 43: soleus, 11/5/06,

http://www.courses.vcu.edu/DANC29http://www.courses.vcu.edu/DANC291-003/unit_8.htm1-003/unit_8.htm

Gastrocnemius, 11/5/06, Gastrocnemius, 11/5/06, http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lihaskudohttp://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lihaskudoksetkset