Anatomy of PhonationChapter 4

Perry C. Hanavan

Stars

Functions of Larynx

• Phonation

• Sphincter– Swallowing

• Aspiration (during swallow)

– Holding breath

Phonation

• Phonation or voicing– Vibrating the

vocal folds in the larynx

– Video Stroboscopy of the Vocal Cords

• Subglottis

Phonation

• Voiced• Unvoiced

• Subglottal

Bernoulli

• Bernoulli effect– Inverse relationship– Increase in air flow results

in air pressure decrease– YouTube– YouTube

Summary of Phonation

• Phonation is the act of voicing• Vocal fold vibrates• Bernoulli effect• Interaction between subglottal

pressure, elasticity of vocal folds, and Bernoulli

Larynx

• Musculo-cartilaginous structure located at upper end of trachea

• Valve

• Size varies with age and gender

Question

Which of the following cartilages of the larynx consist of pairs (2)?

A.Cricoid

B.Thyroid

C.Arytenoid

D.Corniculate

E.Epiglottis

F.Hyoid

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Question

Which of the following is an osseous structure?

A.Cricoid

B.Thyroid

C.Arytenoid

D.Corniculate

E.Epiglottis

F.Hyoid

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Tour of Larynx

• Cartilaginous structures– Cricoid– Thyroid– Arytenoid– Corniculate– Epiglottis

Cricoid Cartilage

Aryteniod Cartilages

Crico-Arytenoid Articulation

Thyroid Cartilage

Thyroid/Cricoid Articulation

Tour of Larynx

• Cartilaginous structures– Cricoid– Thyroid– Arytenoid– Corniculate– Epiglottis

Tour of Larynx

• Cartilaginous structures– Cricoid– Thyroid– Arytenoid– Corniculate– Epiglottis

Valleculae

Valleculae

Osseous Structure

• Hyoid

Question

How many pairs of vocal folds do we have?

A.One

B.Two

C.Three

D.Four

E.Five SMART Response QuestionTo set the properties right click and selectSMART Response Question Object->Properties...

Inside the Larynx

• True vocal folds

• False vocal folds

• Laryngeal ventricle

Zemlin: Tour of the Larynx

Questions

Draw or bring together?

A.Duct

B.Abduct

C.Adduct

D.Induct

E.Subduct SMART Response QuestionTo set the properties right click and selectSMART Response Question Object->Properties...

Vocal Folds

Vocal folds in action

Vocal Folds

Question

Muscles that connect to the same structure are referred to as ________ muscles.

A.Trinsic

B.Intrinsic

C.Extrinsic

D.Cotrinsic

E.SubtrinsicSMART Response QuestionTo set the properties right click and selectSMART Response Question Object->Properties...

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

Adducts vocal folds; X cranial nerve

Question

There is only one intrinsic tensor muscle of the larynx?

True

False

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Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

Add

Add

Aux

Tense

Aux

Tense

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscle

• Only abductor

• X cranial nerve

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

Question

The text book suggests there are 2 muscles of the vocal fold?

True

False

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Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

• Thyrovocalis (vocalis) muscle tensor

• Thyromuscularis muscle is relaxor

• (debatable)

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

Is it GERD or Is it?

External Laryngeal Muscles

External Laryngeal Muscles

Vocal Cord Paralysis

Intrinsic Muscles

• Instant Anatomy

• UAMS Anatomy

• Intrinsic Muscles

• Intrinsic Muscles

• Disorders of Voice

Extrinsic Muscles

• Larynx Anatomy Made Easy

• Extrinsic & Intrinsic Muscles

• Discover the Larynx

Joints

• Discover the Larynx

• Zemlin Slides

Nerves

• Discover the Larynx

Common Disorders

• University of Pittsburgh

• Vocal Surgery

• Pre-vocal surgery

• Cancer

• ENT Surgery