LarynxLarynx----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

FunctionsFunctions::

11 - -Respiratory ductRespiratory duct

22 - -SwallowingSwallowing

33 - -PhonationPhonation

PositionPosition::

CC33 - C - C66

Hyoid : CHyoid : C33

Thyroid : CThyroid : C4 4 , C, C55

Cricoid : CCricoid : C66

RelationsRelations----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ant.:Ant.: Infrahyoid mm Infrahyoid mm . .

Thyroid lobesThyroid lobes

Post.:Post.: Pharynx Pharynx

Lat.:Lat.: Carotid sheath Carotid sheath

Structure of LarynxStructure of Larynx----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

11 - -CartilagesCartilages22 - -JointsJoints

33 - -LigamentsLigaments andand

MembranesMembranes44 - -MusclesMuscles55 - -VesselsVessels

66 - -NervesNerves

CartilagesCartilages: : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SingleSingle::

11--ThyroidThyroid

22--EpiglottisEpiglottis

33--CricoidCricoidPairPair::

11--ArytenoidArytenoid

22--CorniculateCorniculate

33--CuneiformCuneiform

JointsJoints------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

11 - -Cricothyroid jointCricothyroid joint

SynovialSynovial

Transverse axisTransverse axis

22 - -Cricoarytenoid jointCricoarytenoid joint

SynovialSynovial

Rotation - GlidingRotation - Gliding

33 - -Arycorniculate jointArycorniculate joint

CartilaginousCartilaginous

Ligaments and MembranesLigaments and Membranes--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ExtrinsicExtrinsic::11 - -Thyrohyoid membraneThyrohyoid membrane

22 - -Hyoepiglottic ligHyoepiglottic lig..

33 - -Thyroepiglottic ligThyroepiglottic lig..

44 - -Cricotracheal ligCricotracheal lig..

IntrinsicIntrinsic::11 - -Quadrangular membraneQuadrangular membrane

a- Aryepiglottic folda- Aryepiglottic fold

b- Vestibular ligb- Vestibular lig..

22 - -Cricothyroid membraneCricothyroid membrane

a- Conus elasticusa- Conus elasticus

b- Cricothyroid ligb- Cricothyroid lig..

c- Vocal ligc- Vocal lig..

MusclesMuscles------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ExtrinsicExtrinsic : :11-- InfrahyoidInfrahyoid mm mm..22 - -Inf. pharyngealInf. pharyngeal

constrictor mconstrictor m..

33 - -Stylopharyngeus mStylopharyngeus m..

44 - -Palatopharyngeus mPalatopharyngeus m..

IntrinsicIntrinsic::11 - -Cricothyroid mCricothyroid m..

22 - -Post. Cricoarytenoid mPost. Cricoarytenoid m..

33 - -Lat. Cricoarytenoid mLat. Cricoarytenoid m..

44 - -Transverse arytenoid mTransverse arytenoid m..

55 - -Oblique arytenoid mOblique arytenoid m..

66 - -Aryepiglottic mAryepiglottic m..

77 - -Thyroarytenoid mThyroarytenoid m..

88 - -Thyroepiglottic mThyroepiglottic m..

99 - -Vocalis mVocalis m..

Function of musclesFunction of muscles

TensionTension : Cricothyroid m : Cricothyroid m..

DilatationDilatation : Post. Cricoarytenoid m : Post. Cricoarytenoid m..

Clossing or narrowingClossing or narrowing : Lat. Cricoarytenoid : Lat. Cricoarytenoid mm..

Sphinctric actionSphinctric action : others mm : others mm..

Vocal foldVocal fold & & Vestibular foldVestibular fold

Quiet respirationQuiet respiration

Forced inspirationForced inspiration

PhonationPhonation

Effort closureEffort closure

SwallowingSwallowing

Sex differencesSex differences

Longitudinal diameter: 44 mm 36 mmLongitudinal diameter: 44 mm 36 mm Transverse diameter: 43 mm Transverse diameter: 43 mm 41 mm 41 mm

SagittalSagittal diameter: diameter: 36 mm 26 mm36 mm 26 mm Rima glottidis: 23 mm 17 mmRima glottidis: 23 mm 17 mm

Male Female

Sup. Thyroid a. Sup. Laryngeal a.

Inf. Thyroid a. Inf. Laryngeal a.

NervesNerves

11 - -Sup. Laryngeal nSup. Laryngeal n..

- -Ext. br. Cricothyroid mExt. br. Cricothyroid m..

- -Int. br. Mucosa in the sup. part of vocal foldInt. br. Mucosa in the sup. part of vocal fold

22 - -Inf. Laryngeal n.Inf. Laryngeal n. (Recurrent laryngeal n.) (Recurrent laryngeal n.)

- - Laryngeal mm. except Cricothyroid mLaryngeal mm. except Cricothyroid m..

- - Mucosa in the inf. part of vocal foldMucosa in the inf. part of vocal fold

TracheotomyTracheotomy