Anatomy and Physiology I
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Transcript of Anatomy and Physiology I
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Tissue Types
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GPS StandardsSAP1. Students will analyze anatomical
structures in relationship to their physiological functions.e. Describe how structure and function are
related in terms of cell and tissue types.
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Learning Goals By the end of this section, you will be able
to: Relate structure and function to tissue types. List the four major tissue types. Describe the structure, location, and function
of subcategories from the four major tissue types.
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Medical TerminologyDefine the following prefixes, suffixes, and roots:
Use prefixes, suffixes, and roots to define the following:
a- uni – multi – pseudo – histo- epi – column – cuboid – osseous – nucleate – squamous – stratify – villi-
avascularbinucleatecolumnar epitheliumcuboidal epitheliummicrovillimultinucleateperipheral proteinpseudostratifiedosseous tissuesquamous epitheliumstratified squamous
epithelium prefix suffix root
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Key Terms
Histology: the study of tissues
Tissues: groups of cells which are similar in structure and which perform common or related functions
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Four Basic Kinds of Tissues
Epithelial TissueConnective TissueMuscle TissueNervous Tissue
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Epithelial Tissue
Epithelial Tissue Description and Locations:
Epithelial Tissue Functions:
Description Has one free surface (not
attached to another tissue)
Has a basement membrane that is attached to connective tissue
Location Covers the body; has one
unattached surface Lines the cavities, tubes,
ducts and blood vessels inside the body
Covers the organs inside body cavities
Protection from physical & chemical injury,
Protection against microbial invasion,
Contains receptors which respond to stimuli,
Filters, secretes & reabsorbs materials and
Secretes serous fluids to lubricate structures.
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Squamous Epithelium Simple – a single Simple – a single
layerlayer squamous – flatsquamous – flat Lines alveoli of Lines alveoli of
lungs, which allows lungs, which allows the passive the passive transport of gases.transport of gases.
Stratified – several Stratified – several layerslayers
Forms the epidermis Forms the epidermis of the skinof the skin
Simple Squamous
Stratified Squamous
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Cuboidal EpitheliumSimple – one cell thickRoughly cube shaped
Line ducts in Line ducts in kidneys, etc, where kidneys, etc, where reabsorption and reabsorption and secretory activities secretory activities take place.take place.
Duct
Cuboid Cells
Duct
Cuboid Cells
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Columnar EpitheliumSimple – one cell
thickColumn shaped
(long & narrow)Line digestive tract
where reabsorption & secretion occurs.
Pseudostratified – Pseudostratified – gives the gives the appearance of appearance of more than one more than one layer of columnar layer of columnar epithelial cellsepithelial cells
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Connective TissueConnective Tissue Description and Location:
Connective Tissue Functions:
DescriptionMost diverse group of
tissueComposed of various
fibers
LocationEverywhere - Most
abundant & widely distributed tissue
Connects, binds and supports structures (tendons, ligaments, cartilage, etc.)
Protects organs and tissues (bone)
Cushions and insulates (fat)
Transports substances (blood)
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Connective – Dense White Fibrous
Strap-like, dense, white
Binds bone to bone Binds bone to bone (ligaments) or (ligaments) or muscle to bone muscle to bone (tendons(tendons
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Connective – Hyaline Cartilage Supports while Supports while
providing flexibilityproviding flexibility Absorbs Absorbs
compression compression between bones in between bones in joints (articular joints (articular cartilage)cartilage)
Holds open Holds open respiratory respiratory passages passages
Most abundant type Most abundant type of cartilage in bodyof cartilage in body
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Connective – Bone (Osseous)
Tree ring-like appearance
Supports & protects Supports & protects Mineral storageMineral storage Fat storageFat storage Blood cell Blood cell
productionproduction
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Connective - Adipose
Honeycomb or chickenwire appearance
Stores energy (fat)Stores energy (fat) InsulatesInsulates Supports & protects Supports & protects
organsorgans
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Connective - Blood
Only fluid connective tissue
Removes wastes Removes wastes from cellsfrom cells
Supplies nutrients Supplies nutrients and oxygen to cellsand oxygen to cells
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Muscle TissueMuscle Tissue Location: Muscle Tissue
Functions:Description
May be striated or smooth, branched or unbranched, cylindrical or spindle-shaped depending on type
LocationThere are three types
based on location Skeletal – associated with
bones of the skeleton Smooth – found in the walls
of hollow organs Cardiac – found in the
heart
Movement Locomotion Maintains posture Produces heat Facial expressions Pumps blood Peristalsis
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Muscle Tissue - SkeletalMuscle fibers
(cells) long, parallel & cylindrical
With many nuclei (multinucleate)
Striations (cross Striations (cross stripes run stripes run perpendicular to perpendicular to the cellsthe cells
Produce voluntary Produce voluntary movementmovement
LocomotionLocomotion HeatHeat
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Muscle Tissue - SmoothSpindle-shaped cells
with central nucleiArranged to form
sheetsNo striations
Pushes substances Pushes substances or objects (food, or objects (food, urine, babies) urine, babies) through through passagewayspassageways
Involuntary controlInvoluntary control
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Muscle Tissue - CardiacBranching,
striated, uninucleate with special intercalated discs
Contracts to propel Contracts to propel blood into blood into circulationcirculation
Involuntary controlInvoluntary control
branches
Intercalated disc
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Nervous Tissue
Nervous Tissue Description and Location:
Nervous Tissue Functions:
DescriptionLarge cell body that
contains the nucleus, which is attached by long processes
LocationMain component of the
nervous system, ie., brain, spinal cord &
nerves.
Regulates & controls body functions Generates & transmits
nerve impulses Supports, insulates and
protects impulse generating neurons.
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Nervous Tissue – Neuron
Branching cells with Branching cells with many long many long processesprocesses
Large central Large central nucleusnucleus
Regulates activities Regulates activities by transmitting by transmitting impulses from one impulses from one area of the body to area of the body to anotheranother
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ResourceAdapted from the Anatomy PowerPoint of J.
A. Giacobbe, South Pointe High School, Phoenix, AZ
To view slides of human tissue see the Central Ohio Technical College website, Human Biology Slide Review http://www.newarkcolleges.com/kponto/4081Slides/index.htm