Anatomy and Function of the Cardiovascular System.
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Transcript of Anatomy and Function of the Cardiovascular System.
Anatomy and Function of the Anatomy and Function of the Cardiovascular SystemCardiovascular System
The Central Role of the CV is to Distribute Oxygen to Cells
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
The Primary Organ of the CV System is the Heart, a Four-Chamber Pump That Provides the Driving Force for Blood Flow
The Flow of Blood From the Body to the Heart and Back Again
The Circulation Also Must Supply the Heart Muscle Itself
The Flow To and From the Heart Is Systematic
Atherosclerosis is Restricted Blood Flow Through the Coronary Arteries
Consequences of Disruption of Coronary Artery Flow
Thrombosis Myocardial Infarction…. “Heart Attack”
Coronary Bypass Surgery-Method to Circumvent Arterial Blockage and Restore Coronary Circulation
Arterial Graphs
Pacemaker Leads
Spontaneous Electrical Activity in the Heart
The electrical signals generated by the heart are what are referred to as an EKG or “electrocardiogram”
Signal Begins here
“Normal” EKG is an indication that all the tissues are properly conducting electrical impulses
There are a large number of departures from this normal-looking EKG that indicate tissue damage or dysfunction.
• Distorted QRS complex
• ST segment depression
PS vagus nerve
Sympathetic accelerator nerve
A-V Node
S-A Node
Heart Rate and Contractile Strength are Controlled by Input From Two Systems:Parasympathetic and Sympathetic
Spinal Cord
Effects of the Parasympathetic and Sympathetic on Cardiovascular Function
PS Vagus
Heart Heart Rate Blood pumped from the Heart & Blood Pressure
Sympathetic
Heart Heart Rate Blood pumped from the Heart & Blood Pressure
Arterioles Constriction
Blood Pressure
“Fight or Flight”
As vessels get further from the heart, they decrease in size but increase in importance.
Constriction Versus Capacitance Vessels
The Ability to Constrict Arterioles is Vital for Distributing Blood to Various Tissues
Critical because there is a limited supply of blood and competition exists between tissues
ARTERIOLES ARE THE PRIMARY “FLOW REGULATING” VESSELS
Capillaries assist in this process by opening/closing in response to different metabolic conditions.
This is also the site where fuel and gas exchange takes place
CapillariesArterioles
Capillaries are the smallest elements of the “plumbing system”
Their density is a function of the need of the specific tissue for oxygen e.g. fast twitch versus slow twitch muscle
Transfer of fuel,O2,CO2 etc. to and from blood and cells is accomplished at the capillaries via a process called “diffusion” which requires a difference in concentration between the two compartments.
Cell
Capillary
i.e. Concentration blood O2 > Concentration cell O2 = flow from blood to cell