ANATOMISTS - Federation of American Societies for Experimental

in this issueNews researchers and educators

focusing on anatomical form and function

Volume 17, number 1, march 2008

New $20,000

Postdoctoral Fellowships!

See page 7. american association of anatomists

President’s letter...2education scholarship...3members in the news...4basmajian award to rebecca fisher...4anatomy salaries up...5Public policy...6new Postdoc fellowships...7outreach report...8science prize to dd author...10aamc report...12news & notes...14anatomy book shelf...16animals in research...17hotlinks...18rfas & rfPs...202008 annual meeting...22

national survey of likely U.S. voters created to examine acceptance of evolution, attitudes toward science and scientists, and opportunities for

promoting science education found that most respondents accept that life evolved, many accept that it evolved through natural processes, and more favor teaching evolution than creationism or intelligent design in science classes.

Although evolution is one of the most important concepts in science, teaching evolutionary science has been challenged in school districts across the United States. Recognizing the potentially broader impact on

science education and scientific discovery, FASEB and 16 other scientific societies established a coalition to explore opportunities for collective understanding and action.

The Coalition of Scientific Societies survey asked half of approximately 1,000 likely voters about their views on the evolution of “all living things” and found that 61% accepted that “all living things have evolved over time.” Asked to consider human evolution, 53% of the remaining half of respondents accepted that “humans and other living things” evolved.

In response to survey questions:• More respondents favored teaching evolution (53%)

than creationism (36%) or intelligent design (27%) in public school science classes.

• 63% of respondents ranked developing medicines and curing diseases as the most important contributions of science to society.

critical role for scientists inevolution education

A • 61% thought that understanding the contribution that evolution makes to modern medical science, including to understanding and treating diseases such as avian influenza, was a convincing reason to teach evolution in science classes.

• 69% of respondents had favorable feelings toward scientists and even more viewed medical researchers (72%) and doctors (76%) favorably.

According to the Coalition report—You Say You Want an Evolution? A Role for Scientists in Science Education—the data also indicate that “Americans respect the expertise of science and education professionals and also look to clergy for guidance on scientific issues of potential relevance to religion.” Thus, the report finds, “The value of encouraging each of these groups—including scientists who hold religious beliefs—to become involved in promoting quality science education cannot be overstated.”

“If our nation is to continue to develop the talent necessary to advance scientific and medical research,” the report concludes, “we must ensure that high standards in science education are maintained and that efforts to introduce non-science into science classes do not succeed. Failure to reach out effectively to a public that is supportive of science and open to information from the scientific community is not just a missed opportunity; it is a disservice to the scientific enterprise.”

The full report, a related PowerPoint presentation, and other evolution education resources are available at <http://opa.faseb.org/pages/PolicyIssues/evolutionresources.htm>.

Textbook disclaimer at the center of Selman v. Cobb County School District court case

This textbook contains material on evolution. Evolution is a theory, not a fact, regarding the origin of living things. This material should be approached with an open mind, studied

carefully and critically considered.

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The classified ad rate is $50 per column inch for academicorganizations and $100 per column inch for private

organizations. A display ad rate sheet is available upon request and on AnatomyLink (www.anatomy.org).

Volume 17, number 1, march 2008

National Office

9650 rockville Pikebethesda, md 20814-3998

Voice: 301-634-7910fax: 301-634-7965

email: [email protected]

Presidentdavid b. burr

President-EmeritusKathy K.h. svoboda

President-ElectKathryn J. Jones

Secretary-Treasurerrichard l. drake

Program Chairsmarion gordon

lynne a. opperman

Board of Directorsarthur f. dalley, ii (2010)

tamara a. franz-odendaal (2008)carol c. gregorio (2009)Jeffrey t. laitman (2009)charles d. little (2008)

hazel sive (2008)Kimberly s. topp (2010)ann c. Zumwalt (2009)

Executive Directorandrea Pendleton

Member Services & Marketing Managerdeborah haber

Meetings Manager rachel Yablonowitz

Administrative Assistantnichole Jenkins

Published quarterly and distributed by theamerican association of anatomists

circulation: 2,400

deadlines for submission of articles and advertising materials:

Jan 25 march issueapril 25 June issue

July 25 september issueoct 25 december issue

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What’s in a name?As anatomists, we know better than most the importance and power of terminology. This is one reason that AAA has supported for many years, both with time and money, the work of the Federative International Committee for Anatomical Terminology (FICAT). This is also the reason that, at its second meeting in 1889, AAA appointed a Committee on Anatomical Nomenclature.1

The way that words are used often influences perception. Likewise our perceptions—of ourselves and our world—can be discovered in the words we use.

As many of you know, AAA was founded in 1888. But you may not know that it was founded as the Association of American Anatomists. This implies, of course, a more parochial organization, not a society open to, or at least welcoming of, international members. However, in 1908, AAA’s name was changed slightly—keeping the same acronym—to the American Association of Anatomists.

This may seem a small alteration, but the implications are enormous. It signifies a clear change in the perception of what the organization wanted to be, what its goals and aspirations were. It signifies the inclusion of members who are not American, even though the organization is U.S.-based.

This change has turned out to be prescient, or perhaps AAA has evolved because of the change in perception. We now boast 432 international members, more than 21% of our membership. This is greater than the total membership of 419 in 1908, the year of the name change.1

AAA has had a scientific exchange program with the Japanese Association of Anatomists for 10 years, and has had discussions with the German Anatomischer Gesellschaft about other scientific exchange programs. We are currently developing a joint Training Program with the Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. We’re making plans to build relations with our counterparts in China and will have a strong presence at the 2009 meeting of the International Federation of Anatomical Associations in Capetown. Over the past 100 years, AAA truly has become the international society that it aspired to be.

Whether you trace AAA’s beginnings from its American birth or from the roots of the current name, we are celebrating a milestone birthday this year. This is the 100th

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AAA NEWSLETTER – march 2008

anniversary of the American Association of Anatomists and the 120th anniversary of AAA. We can only hope that at 100 we are all as healthy and vital as our organization is today.

I hope you will join me in wishing your association a Happy Birthday – and many, many more!

Reference1. Pauly, J.E. (ed). The American Association of Anatomists,

1888-1987. Essays on the History of Anatomy in America and a Report on the Membership – Past and Present. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1987.

AAA President

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ebecca Lufler and Ann Zumwalt will share the first LWW/AAA Education Research Scholarship, a $5,000 prize recognizing excellence in scholarship

of upcoming generations of anatomy educators. The award is intended to support a graduate student in a mentored project, or a postdoctoral fellow or junior faculty member

project that shows promise as a model for improving the quality of teaching and learning in anatomical education.

Lufler, an anatomy graduate student at Boston University School of Medicine (BUMC), and Zumwalt, an assistant professor, will investigate the educational utility of providing CT scans of cadavers to medical students

during the first-year gross anatomy course. Their goal is to examine two pedagogical approaches to teaching anatomy by integrating radiology and cross-sectional anatomy into the first-year anatomy laboratory curriculum with CT and MRI scans of cadavers, and testing the short- and long-term effectiveness of these approaches.

lufler, Zumwalt Win first lWW/aaa award for anatomical sciences education research

Lufler received her B.S. from James Madison University and is currently working on her Ph.D. in anatomy and neurobiology. Zumwalt did her undergraduate work at Rice University and her Ph.D. in functional anatomy and evolution at Johns Hopkins. She was a research associate at Duke University Medical Center prior to joining the BUSM Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology last year.

The LWW/AAA Education Research Scholarship competition, funded by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, is expected to foster innovative projects that hold promise as models for the resolution of important issues and problems in anatomical education and represent new and creative approaches to teaching and learning. Funding priority is given to applications that demonstrate innovation in design and measurement of outcomes, including ongoing/formative assessments.

Successful candidates are required to disseminate proven innovations developed during the tenure of the LWW/AAA Scholarship through publication in appropriate journals and/or national or international medical education presentations. In addition, the recipient is required to make a poster or oral presentation at the AAA Annual Meeting.

Proposals were rated equally on each of the following criteria:• Scholarship – degree to which proposal meets the

scholarship criteria

• Addressing funding preferences related to innovation and measurement of outcomes

• Benefits/impact of project on anatomical education locally, regionally, and nationally

• Methodology – clear, feasible methods consistent with goals/objectives

• Evaluation – plan to measure desired outcomes and project success

This year’s award committee was chaired by Robert Klein and also included Joy Reidenberg, Lawrence Rizzolo, and Ophelia Weeks. The deadline for 2009 scholarship applications is October 15. Full details and application form are available at <www.anatomy.org>. v

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Ann Zumwalt

Rebecca Lufler



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fisher honored for excellence in teaching, research, scholarship

AA’s 2008 Basmajian Award will be presented in April to Rebecca E. Fisher, assistant professor in the Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University

of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix in Partnership with Arizona State University.

This award recognizes health science faculty who are in the formative stages of their career, teach human or veterinary gross anatomy, can document excellence in their contribution to the teaching of gross anatomy, and have outstanding accomplishments in biomedical research or scholarship in education.

According to nominator J. Alan Rawls, Fisher is an “active steward of anatomy education” whose most important contribution to date has been the design of a course that successfully integrates outside clinical expertise into the clinical anatomy lab.

Stuart D. Flynn, associate dean of academic affairs, points to Fisher as “the single most critical person” in the successful development of the new Phoenix medical school program. “A model faculty member in every regard,” Flynn says, “I cannot think of a better individual to use as a model for junior faculty on how to approach one’s professional and personal challenges.”

Pointing to rave reviews by students, clinicians, and faculty alike, Rawls notes “we cannot imagine a more hard-working and student-centric teacher than Dr. Fisher to lead this specialty or a curriculum better suited to teach our next generation of physicians.”

Fisher received her undergraduate degree in anthropology from Stanford University and her M.S. and Ph.D. in anthropology from Yale University. While pursuing her Ph.D., Fisher started teaching anatomy at the Yale School of Medicine under the mentorship of William Stewart and Lawrence Rizzolo.

After a postdoc at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, she spent two years on faculty at the Arizona College School of Medicine, of Osteopathic Medicine/Midwestern University, where she received the Student Choice Award for Best New Professor in 2005. She has been in her current

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membersin the news

Dallas Hyde appointed to NCRR advisory councilDallas M. Hyde, professor & director of the California National Primate Research Center, has been appointed to the National Advisory Research Resources Council, the body that reviews applications to the NIH National Center for Research Resources and advises NCRR on policy and program considerations. Attending his first meeting in January, Hyde briefed the Council on work in regenerative medicine, stem cells, and gene therapy being conducted at the National Primate Research Centers.

Robert Kelley takes the helm at University of North Dakota Robert Kelley has accepted a new posting as president of the University of North Dakota. Kelley, winner of the 2004 AAA/Wiley A.J. Ladman Exemplary Service Award, began his academic career at the University of New Mexico, hired by John Ladman at a starting salary of $11,200. He spent 28 years in New Mexico, the last 17 of which he served as chair of the department Ladman had founded. After leaving New Mexico in 1997, Kelley spent two years at the University of Illinois at Chicago, then moved on to his current position as dean of the College of Health Sciences and professor of medical education and public health at the University of Wyoming.

Robert Klein & John Nolte cited by AAMC for contributions to medical education

Two of the four recipients of AAMC’s 2007 Alpha Omega Alpha Robert J. Glaser Distinguished Educator Awards were anatomists and both are AAA members—Robert M. Klein, professor of anatomy and cell biology and associate dean, professional development and faculty at the University of Kansas

Robert Kelley

Robert Klein

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position since 2006 and is also a research associate in the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History. Her research focuses on the functional anatomy and evolution of mammals, including primates, artiodactyls, and carnivores. Current research projects include the analysis of the musculoskeletal system of hippos and red pandas. In addition to dissection-based projects, she also conducts paleontological research on fossil hippos in Kenya.

Fisher is an active AAA member, currently serving on the Advisory Committee for Young Anatomists and the Annual Meeting Program Committee.

This year’s Basmajian Award committee was chaired by Anna Lérant.; other members were Robert Hinton and Dee Silverthorn. The award will be presented at the AAA Awards Banquet in San Diego on Tuesday, April 8.

To submit a nomination for next year’s Basmajian prize, check the awards guidelines at <www.anatomy.org>. Nominations are due October 15. v

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School of Medicine, and John “Jack” Nolte, professor of cell biology and anatomy at the University of Arizona College of Medicine.

When it comes to learning about human anatomy, Klein insists on more than simply rote memorization: he demands the development of critical thinking skills that last a physician’s lifetime. “My general philosophy of teaching is to focus on the learner, not the instructor,” Klein says, “and on retention and critical thinking skills, rather than rote memorization of facts.”

Nolte is perhaps best known for The Human Brain: An Introduction to Its Functional Anatomy. About to be published in its sixth edition, the book has become one of the most widely used neuroscience texts in the world. Nolte views the human brain as an endlessly fascinating topic. “Helping bright, caring students to explore it has been a great intellectual challenge and a constant pleasure,” he says.

The AAMC awards recognize the significant contributions to medical education made by gifted teachers. Each medical school in the United States and Canada may nominate one faculty member. The nomination is made by the dean.

Wojciech Pawlina honored for advancing humanism, professionalism in medicineWojciech Pawlina, co-editor-in-chief of AAA’s Anatomical Sciences Education, was one of five National Honorees inducted into the Gold Humanism Honor

Society in 2007. GHHS honors senior medical students, residents, role-model physician teachers, and others recognized for “demonstrated excellence in clinical care, leadership, compassion and dedication to service.” National Honorees are distinguished by their unique and influential roles in advancing the values of humanism and professionalism in medicine. Pawlina, who is professor and chair of the Department of Anatomy at Mayo Clinic and the Mayo Medical School, is the first

anatomist and first basic science faculty member to achieve this honor.

John Nolte

Wojciech Pawlina (left) receives GHHS pin from Jordan Cohen.

anatomy Ph.d salaries up; still trail basic science

he median salary for anatomy faculty with a Ph.D. or other doctoral degree was $98,000 in 2006-2007, up from $95,000 the prior academic year, according

to the latest AAMC salary survey. This 3.2% increase was below last year’s 4.4% jump and was the smallest increase among basic science departments except for biochemistry (up 3.1%) and biostatistics (up 2%). All other basic science salaries except those in Bioethics/Medical Humanities have broken into the $100,000 range, with the top median salary of $108,000 going to those in bioinformatics.

For the same period, median salaries for M.Ds in anatomy departments jumped from $82,000 to $88,000, a 7.3% increase. Nonetheless, the salaries of M.D.s in anatomy departments remain far below those in other basic science departments; bioinformatics is again on top at $135,000.

Looking at salaries for specific faculty levels, the survey found that the median salary for anatomy department chairs with a doctoral degree was $193,000 (up 7.2% from $180,000). Median salaries for professors and associate professors were up from $124,000 to $129,000 and $88,000 to $92,000, respectively. Assistant professors were up from $72,000 to $75,000, while instructors went from $49,000 to $51,000.

The full AAMC Report on Medical School Faculty Salaries 2006-2007 is online for members of the American Association of Medical Colleges and can be purchased via the AAMC Web site at <www.aamc.org/publications>. Contact AAA for a copy of the tables referred to for the above data. v

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Public Policy

once more into the fray: fY 2009 budget battle begins

n the heels of a very disappointing FY 2008 budget outcome and in anticipation of an FY 2009 White House budget that would hold NIH to its FY 2008

level of $29.3 billion, FASEB released its annual funding report to Congress on January 29, outlining its budget recommendations for NIH and other agencies. FASEB called on Congress to approve an FY 2009 NIH appropriation of $31.2 billion “in order to fulfill the extraordinary scientific and medical promise of biomedical research.”

In addition to its NIH recommendations, the FASEB report makes FY 2009 funding recommendations for five other federal agencies:• National Science Foundation – In keeping with the

America COMPETES Act of 2007, an appropriation of $7.33 billion.

• Department of Veterans Affairs – $555 million funding for the VA Medical and Prosthetics Research Program with an additional $45 million for VA laboratory space renovation.

• Department of Energy – In keeping with the America COMPETES Act of 2007, an appropriation of $4.8 billion for the DOE’s Office of Science.

• Department of Agriculture – FASEB supports funding the USDA’s National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program in FY 2009 at the $257 million level recommended in the President’s 2008 budget and the Agricultural Research Service at $1.377 billion.

• National Aeronautics and Space Administration – Increased funding for Life Sciences Research (Ground Research, Ground Facilities, and Flight Research) to $39.65 million. The FASEB funding recommendations were developed

by working groups of scientists representing FASEB member societies. AAA’s Public Affairs Chair Gina Schatteman served on the NIH panel and AAA’s President Elect Kathryn Jones worked with the group looking at the Veterans’ Administration.

The full FASEB report—Federal Funding for Biomedical and Related Life Sciences Research, FY 2009—will be distributed to federal lawmakers and to health research officials in both the Administration and the research community. It will also serve as the basis for FASEB and AAA research funding advocacy efforts for the next fiscal year. The report is available online at <http://opa.faseb.org/pdf/2008/FedFund09.pdf> or by calling 301-634-7650. v

NIH public access policy compulsory; institutions to bear copyright burdenNIH expanded its public access policy in early January, announcing that the final, peer-reviewed version of articles accepted for publication on or after April 7, 2008, that arise, in whole or in part, from direct costs funded by NIH must be deposited in PubMed Central (PMC), the NIH digital archive, to be made publicly available no later than 12 months after the official date of publication. Contrary to earlier understandings, this requirement now covers review articles as well as original research reports.

In regard to fulfilling the recent Congressional mandate that this policy be implemented “in a manner consistent with copyright law,” NIH punted by stating that “Institutions and investigators are responsible for ensuring that any publishing or copyright agreements concerning submitted articles fully comply with this Policy.”

Beginning May 25, to ensure compliance with the new mandate, anyone submitting an application, proposal, or progress report to NIH must include the PMC or NIH Manuscript Submission reference number when citing applicable articles that arise from their NIH-funded research.

The Association of American Publishers (AAP) has reaffirmed that journal publishers opposed to the policy will continue to press Congress regarding its negative impact on science publishing and the protection of related intellectual property rights. Noting that the mandate was simply added to the FY 2008 appropriations omnibus bill and not fully scrutinized by Congressional committees, AAP suggested that Congress’s approach related to NSF-funded research represents a “recent, relevant and rational precedent.” NSF must provide a publicly accessible summary of outcomes of NSF-funded projects with citations to journal publications regarding such research.

The new NIH policy is available at <http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-08-033.html>. The January 2008 issue of NIH Extramural Nexus (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/partners/0108nexus.htm) provides further information, including suggestions on the role that academic institutions might assume, such as designating and training an individual or department to help investigators submit their manuscripts.



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aaa announces new Postdoctoral fellowship beginning this fall

ow does $20,000 sound?AAA’s new Postdoctoral Fellowship Program

will provide $20,000 in salary support for up to three AAA members who are postdoctoral fellows working in any aspect of biology relevant to the anatomical sciences.

Apart from being an AAA member, the following eligibility criteria must be met:• The Fellowship would be expected to cover partial salary

support, with the remainder coming from other sources. Indirect costs are not included.

• The laboratory in which the postdoc works must supplement the stipend with funds to equal or exceed the NIH standard for postdoctoral fellows.

• The laboratory must make some provision for health insurance for the postdoctoral fellow.

• The applicant or host sponsor must be a permanent resident of the U.S. or Canada; Fellowships can be used in any country.

• Applicants must have been an AAA member for one year preceding the application deadline and must remain a member through the duration of the Fellowship.

• Applicants should be working on research encompassing any aspect of biology relevant to the anatomical sciences. Approaches can include (but are not limited to) cellular, molecular, genetic, or histological techniques and/or emphasize development, evolution, morphology, or human health. Selection will be based on the track record of the

applicant (academic achievement, prior research, etc.), the quality of the sponsor laboratory (as evidenced by publications, funding, etc.), and the importance of the applicant’s research project.

Fellowship recipients will be expected to provide AAA with a written report describing the work accomplished within three months following the end of the Fellowship period. Each recipient must then attend the annual AAA Meeting to present his/her work. AAA will pay registration and travel expenses to this meeting (up to $1,000 total).

The AAA Postdoctoral Fellowship program was developed by an AAA task force chaired by Hazel Sive. The first round of applications are due October 15 for Fellowships to begin January 15, 2009. Watch the AAA Website (www.anatomy.org) this summer for further details and an application form. v

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AAA’s Board of Directors recently affirmed the organization’s opposition to any federally mandated open access policy.

NIH unaware of grantee institutions’ conflicts of interest, report findsAccording to a recent assessment by the Office of Inspector General (OIG) of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), NIH is not aware of the types of financial conflicts of interest that exist within grantee institutions because details are not required to be reported and most conflict-of-interest reports do not state the nature of the conflict.

Federal regulations require grantee institutions to certify that they have “written and enforced administrative processes to identify and manage, reduce, or eliminate conflicting interests” and to manage, reduce, or eliminate reported conflicts within 60 days.

To determine the number and nature of financial conflicts of interest reported by grantee institutions to NIH and the extent to which NIH oversees grantee institutions’ financial conflicts of interest, the OIG requested information regarding the receipt and oversight of grantee institutions’ financial conflict-of-interest (COI) reports.

The OIG report found that NIH does not have a central source that can provide a total count of financial COI reports and therefore could not provide an accurate count of such reports for fiscal years 2004 through 2006. Moreover, the report pointed out, NIH is not aware of the types of financial conflicts of interest that exist within grantee institutions because federal regulations do not require that the nature of the conflict be reported. Thus, grant officials have little information on which to follow up and, the report found, “Many Institutes’ primary method of oversight is reliance on grantee institutions’ assurances that financial conflict-of-interest regulations are followed.” The OIG review found “very few cases in which Institutes followed up with grantee institutions regarding the nature of a financial conflict of interest and/or the management plan for a financial conflict of interest.”

Stressing that NIH, as an oversight body, should take a more active role in overseeing financial conflicts of interest among grantee institutions, the OIG report recommends that the agency should: • Increase oversight of grantee institutions to ensure

compliance with federal financial conflict-of-interest regulations;





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PublicPolicy

making anatomy fun, relevant for K-8 and high school teachers

AA’s Outreach Grant Program provides funding for education and research workshops and symposia either as stand-alone activities or under the umbrella of other

national or international societies. Proposals are evaluated on the basis of visibility, impact, quality of participants, and value to the Association. Applications are due August 1 each year; details and an application form are available at <www.anatomy.org>.

alabama secondary science teachers “meet the cadaver”“A once in a lifetime opportunity to see all the anatomical structures that I have only seen in a book.”

“I am very excited about sharing the information with my students in the coming month.”

“My students look forward to finding out what we did.”

These comments came from secondary school teachers in Montgomery, Alabama and surrounding counties who had the opportunity to “Meet the Cadaver,” thanks to AAA’s

Educational Outreach Grant support. The Physical Therapy Department of Alabama State University (ASU) in conjunction with Alabama Science in Motion (ASIM) sponsored a series of four two-day

(Friday-Saturday) workshops in which secondary school science teachers attended lectures on regional anatomy, followed by hands-on dissection of a cadaver.

ASIM is a state-sponsored program designed to provide professional development for high school teachers and high-tech experiences for students. There are 12 ASIM sites at public colleges and universities serving 11 in-service regions. Each of the sites provides resources and training to area high schools. At Alabama State University, ASIM serves counties in Alabama’s Black Belt, an economically depressed, largely agricultural region. Nine biology or AP anatomy teachers from five schools located in three counties participated in the workshops. None had previous experience with a cadaver.

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Alabama teachers “Meet the Cadaver.”

• Require grantee institutions to provide details regarding the nature of financial conflicts of interest and how they are managed, reduced, or eliminated; and

• Require Institutes to forward to OER all financial COI reports they receive from grantee institutions and ensure that OER’s COI database contains information on all COI reports provided by grantee institutions.

NIH agreed that all of the OIG findings were correct, according to the report, but disagreed with the second recommendation regarding collection of COI report details, believing that this would transfer responsibility for resolving conflicts from the institution to NIH. The OIG disagrees, insisting that NIH can collect the information “without interfering with grantee institutions’ legal responsibility for managing financial conflicts of interest.”

NIH adjusts grant funding to conform with minimal FY 2008 budget increaseWith funding for the current fiscal year up just 1% over FY 2007, NIH released its FY 2008 fiscal policies stipulating that:• The FY 2008 average cost of competing grants is

allowed to increase by 1%, which is estimated will allow ICs to support approximately 9,700 new and competing RPGs and maintain the number of new investigators comparable to the average of the most recent five years.

• Each NIH Institute and Center (IC) will use its own discretion to adjust non-competing research awards with previously established commitments based on 3% inflation;

• Non-competing awards previously issued in FY 2008 at reduced (80%) levels will be revised to restore funds to the level indicated above;

• Funds for NRSA stipends, tuition, and training-related expenses are held at FY 2007 levels.

• NIH will continue to support the Director’s Innovator Awards, the Pathway to Independence Awards, and the NIH Director’s Bridge Award Program.

Additional details are available at <http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-08-036.html>.




Each “Meet the Cadaver” workshop focused on a specific body region or regions and consisted of a lecture on the region, demonstrations on the functional anatomy of the musculoskeletal structures of the region, and dissection of a human cadaver by the teachers under the supervision of an anatomist. At the end of each workshop, the attendees received a flash drive with the PowerPoint presentation used in the lecture and photos from the workshop. The teachers report that these have been a big hit in their classes.

Workshops held in April, September, and November focused on the upper limb, lower limb, and thorax & abdomen, respectively. The final January workshop included the head, vertebral column, and pelvis, culminating in removal of the spinal cord and brain.

AAA funding was matched by the ASU Department of Physical Therapy and ASIM, allowing the workshops to be free to all attendees. In addition to supplies, the program paid for substitute teachers and travel from surrounding counties, allowing teachers who may have been prevented from attending due to financial concerns to take part.

Mary Beth Downs, Ph.D, Department of Physical Therapy, Alabama State University

making neuroscience fun for bay area elementary school teachers K-8 educators, health care providers, and nursing, physical, and occupational therapy graduate students participated in a “Brain Awareness: Educators Development Workshop” funded by an AAA Educational Outreach Grant and held at Samuel Merritt College in Oakland, California.

In many states, including California, state mandated examination schedules in elementary education do not allow educators adequate time to plan anatomical life science experiences for their students. Nonetheless, related content appears on the state’s proficiency exams and educators are encouraged to create curricula that comply with the National Science Education standards, which state that students in Grades 5-8 “should develop understanding of structure and function in living systems.”

Elementary educators often neglect the human anatomical life sciences because they have not received appropriate training in anatomy. Thus, elementary

Brain Awareness Workshop participants created neurons from modeling clay.

Standard due dates no longer apply for chartered study section members Appointed members of chartered NIH study sections may now take advantage of a continuous submission process for R01, R21 and R34 applications submitted for standard due dates. Multi-PI applications are eligible if one or more of the Program Directors/Principal Investigators (PD/PIs) is an appointed member of a Study Section. However, the new flexibility does not apply to applications for which appointed members have a role other than PD/PI, including those serving as sponsors for fellowship applications or mentors for career award applications, or those who serve as reviewers for other federal agencies or private organizations.

All applications submitted under the continuous submission process will be reviewed no later than 120 days after receipt. NIH plans to analyze this new process on an ongoing basis to assess feasibility and satisfaction. Further information is available at <http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-08-026.html>.

Insider tips on NIH grant writingAAA member Robb Krumlauf, Scientific Director at Stower s Institute for Medical Research, was among the six former and current CSR study section chairs sharing their insights on what makes a good NIH grant application in NIH’s new Insider’s Guide to Peer Review for Applicants. (http://cms.csr.nih.gov/Resourcesfor Applicants/Advice.htm). Top tips for those writing a grant application include:• Propose something significant.• Make it exciting.• Probe for mechanisms and seek new models.• Avoid proposing to “collect more data.”• Be brief with stuff everyone knows.• Don’t cram your application like a suitcase.• Proofread.• Be persistent.

Additional information about grant writing and the peer review process are available at <http://grants.nih.gov/grants/grant_tips.htm >.

Acronym shift at NIH: SRA now SROStanding Room Only? Single Room Occupancy? Strontium oxide? No—SRO is the new acronym for extramural staff responsible for the management of the

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PublicPolicy

aaa journal author takes top science prizeBy Deborah Haber

hat’s the secret to a successful mentoring relationship? According to Assistant Professor Kathy Iovine at Lehigh University, at least part

of it is luck. Iovine has been lucky enough to mentor 16-year-old Isha Jain, a senior at Freedom High School in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, whose research on zebrafish bone development was published in Developmental Dynamics last September (Vol. 236:9, 2668-2674). Her article “Bone Growth in Zebra Fish Fins Occurs via Multiple Pulses of Cell Proliferation” presented findings that zebrafish tail bones grow in spurts, serving as a model for understanding bone growth in other vertebrates and human bone disorders.

Isha Jain is a shining example of what a young investigator can accomplish with guidance and support. She made nationwide headlines this December when she took first individual prize in the Siemens Competition in Math, Science and Technology for her work on zebrafish development. She will use the award’s $100,000 college scholarship to attend Drexel University this fall.

Jain was selected from more than 1,600 students nationwide by a panel of scientists led by Nobel Prize winning physicist Joseph Taylor. Competition judge and AAA member Stephen J. Moorman, associate professor of neuroscience and cell biology at the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, notes that Jain “is the first to identify mini spurts, a cellular mechanism that underlies growth spurts on a molecular level. This is graduate level work.”

A large part of Jain’s success can be traced to the support she has received from her family to pursue her scientific interest. She published her first research paper with her father, also a Lehigh professor, when she was in junior high school. Her mother is a doctor. Despite all of the encouragement she has received, however, Jain admits she was surprised by her win. “I came in here thinking I had no chance at all,” she says. “The caliber of the projects is absolutely phenomenal.”

W

Kathy Iovine and Isha Jain

peer review process for grant applications and contract proposals. Formerly SRAs (Scientific Review Administrators), these individuals are now known as Scientific Review Officers, a designation that NIH believes is a more appropriate reflection of their major focus on scientific rather than administrative activities.

White House limits future earmarks as Congress resumes funding practiceAfter a one-year moratorium for most domestic earmarks, Congress resumed the practice with a vengeance in FY 2008, inserting nearly $4.5 billion in federal research and development earmarks, spread over 2,526 projects, according to an analysis by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).

The FY 2008 earmarks for projects not included in agency budget requests amounted to $939 million in the omnibus appropriations bill signed in December and $3.5 billion in the Department of Defense appropriations bill enacted in November. The $939 million for non-defense earmarks is down from the $1.5 billion in 2006 and also down from previous years. The $3.5 billion for Defense Department earmarks is substantially higher than in previous AAAS analyses, but that is due to the improved disclosure requirements.

The complete AAAS earmark analysis (www.aaas.org/spp/rd/earm08c.htm) includes a link to a spreadsheet of all 2008 R&D earmarks by amount, state, performer or project, and agency. The AAAS R&D Budget and Policy Program site also includes details of all R&D funding in the omnibus bill for the top R&D agencies.

Signing a January 29 Executive Order, President Bush directed that “earmarks this year and into the future will be ignored by this administration and, hopefully, future administrations, unless those spending projects were voted on by the Congress.” The policy, which applies to earmarks slipped into so-called “report language” without prior notice or hearings, will remain in effect unless the Executive Order is repealed by a future President. The text of the Executive Order is available at: <www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2008/01/20080129-5.html>.

U.S. best served by not building wall around science, technology communityConcluding that “the existing Deemed Export Regulatory Regime no longer effectively serves its intended purpose,” the Commerce Department’s




Iovine and Jain will attend the 2008 AAA Annual Meeting at Experimental Biology in San Diego, where they will present a poster of their work and be recognized both for their scientific accomplishments and for the strong mentoring relationship that typifies AAA’s goals of supporting young investigators.

You can learn more about this inspirational collaboration when AAA and John Wiley & Sons present a podcast interview with both women later this month. The interview will be posted on AAA’s education site at <www.anatomyeducation.org> and transcripts will appear in both Developmental Dynamics and Anatomical Science Education. v

school-aged children are not exposed to the anatomical life sciences, in spite of content appearing on state examinations. To address this issue, the Brain Awareness Workshop was designed to provide basic neuroscience content and guideline, plus suggestions for planning neuroscience units for the classroom.

Participants received a 90-minute interactive lecture on neuroscience topics, including neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, sensory systems, and brain health and safety. For each topic, a fun, interactive game/activity was demonstrated that allows children to learn neuroscience while enjoying these activities. Participants then rotated through various hands-on stations filled with activities, games, and experiments that can be replicated in the elementary school classroom. These stations included a human brain station, sheep dissection, and sensory testing, among others. Physical therapy graduate students assisted and instructed workshop participants at each station.

To measure the workshop’s impact and effectiveness, participants took a pre- and post-test regarding key ideas presented. Immediately following the workshop, they also completed a survey rating the workshop’s overall effectiveness and course content. Several months following the workshop, a questionnaire will be sent to participants asking which topics and activities taught in the workshop were actually used in the classroom.

Preliminary data indicates a significant improvement from pre-test to post-test scores and ratings above 4 (using the Likert scale in which 1= poor and 5 = excellent) for overall content and practical value. The workshop coordinators are available to provide additional assistance and to initiate a liaison between instructors of higher education and secondary/primary education. v

Barbara Puder, Ph.D., Basic Sciences Department, Samuel Merritt College

outreach continued from page 9

Deemed Export Advisory Committee (DEAC) recommends “a simplified new process that will both enhance national/homeland security and strengthen American’s economic competitiveness,” combined with enhanced educational outreach “to help assure that all parties potentially subject to licensing with the Deemed Export rules are familiar with those rules.”

“In its simplest terms,” the Committee’s recent report says, “a ‘Deemed Export’ can be defined as (1) the release (2) of technology or source code (3) having both military and civilian applications (4) to a foreign national (5) within the United States.”

The DEAC was established in September 2006 following a barrage of opposition to the Commerce Department’s proposed regulatory changes. FASEB was among the many organizations testifying on the significant negative impact the revised rules would have had on university researchers.

In its report, The Deemed Export Rule in the Era of Globalization, the DEAC acknowledges that the U.S. no longer holds a dominant position in science and technology. “In this new world order,” the report continues, any nation building a “wall” around its scientific and technologic communities “simply denies itself the opportunity to fully benefit from the vast body of knowledge being accumulated elsewhere— and thereby virtually assures itself of an inferior competitive position in the knowledge world.”

Except in the case of a few highly sensitive military areas,” the DEAC maintains, “the United States is better served to partner in the global creation of knowledge than to attempt to protect the lesser body of knowledge that can be generated through purely domestic research efforts…Stated otherwise, protecting what we know is in most instances not the primary concern; participating in creating that body of scientific and technical knowledge that is not known is the concern.”

The Commerce Department is now reviewing the DEAC report, which is available at <http://tac.bis.doc.gov/2007/deacreport.pdf>.

Grantees responsible for data until transferred to federal agencyAccording to a recent clarification, the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA), which requires the protection of all information systems (electronic or hard copy) containing federal data from unauthorized access, does not apply to data collected by NIH grantees until that data is provided to HHS.

A memo from the Health and Human Services continued on next page





PublicPolicy

aamc sessions focus on social Values, avoiding conflict of interestby Richard D. Dey & John Clancy

reetings from your representatives to the American Association of Medical Colleges’ Council of Academic Societies (AAMC/CAS).

Here are the highlights of the 2007 AAMC Meeting—Health in the Balance—held in Washington, D.C. in early November.

cas Workshop: academic and scientific society interactions with industryWhile the discussion focused on interactions between the pharmaceutical industry and clinical societies, the principles of managing conflict of interest (COI) and protecting professional values are universal.

Focusing on human subjects research, medical education, and medical practice, AAMC Senior Vice President David Korn suggested that although the public is not overtly concerned about conflict of interest, the media, Congress, and state/federal administrators are. He counseled the academic medical community to regulate COI on its own to avoid Congressional regulation. Toward this end, AAMC and the American Association of American Universities (AAU) are examining the extent to which current COI policies “conform to the institutions’ core values and justify continued public confidence in the integrity and credibility of academic research.”

Several presentations emphasized the need for professional societies to develop their own COI guidelines that are specific, objective, and impartially enforced. One strategy being tested is the establishment of foundations to receive and distribute corporate donations in a manner determined by an independent board for the benefit of a society.

FASEB has developed an online COI Toolkit (http://opa.faseb.org/pages/Advocacy/coi/Toolkit.htm) providing recommendations and resources for the conduct and management of financial relationships between academia and industry in biomedical research. One component of the toolkit focuses on resources for professional societies.

Although AAA and its journals are not as affected by conflict of interest issues as are clinical societies, it behooves us to develop guidelines that protect our professional values as a society. (See also related article on pages 15.)

(HHS) Information Security officer explains that “FISMA applies to grantees only when they collect, store, process, transmit or use information on behalf of HHS or any of its component organizations. In all other cases, FISMA is not applicable to recipients of grants, including cooperative agreements with grantees. The grantee retains the original data and intellectual property, and is responsible for the security of this data, subject to all applicable laws protecting security, privacy and research. If and when information collected by a grantee is provided to HHS, responsibility for the protection of the HHS copy of the information is transferred to HHS and it becomes the agency’s responsibility to protect that information and any derivative copies as required by FISMA.”

Further information is available at <http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-08-032.html>.

NIGMS charts 5-year strategic planThe National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) Strategic Plan 2008-2012 sets out four broad goals for the Institute:1. Enhance basic research through grant support for

investigator-initiated research – including a focus on investigator-initiated research grants, support of innovative, high-risk research, enhancement of peer review, and support for research related to multiple organ systems.

2. Address selected scientific needs and opportunities through coordinated research programs – including interdisciplinary and collaborative research involving multiple institutes, agencies, and institutions.

3. Foster training and development of an inclusive and effective scientific workforce – including training in integrative disciplines and explicit evaluation of investigator training, mentoring, and diversity activities.

4. Advance awareness of basic biomedical research – including communicating and partnering with the scientific community and teaming with other organizations to increase science literacy and diminish misperceptions about biomedical science.

The full plan is available at <http://www.nigms.nih.gov/StrategicPlan/>.

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animal rights campaignsAnimal rights activists continue to create problems at selected medical centers. Case studies from the Medical College of Wisconsin and UCLA covered recent experiences as targets of the Animal Liberation Front (ALF); Wisconsin was targeted for the use of dogs and pigs in education and UCLA for federally-funded research using non-human primates. Tactics ranged from endless phone calls and billboard campaigns to intimidation and placement of a bomb that fortunately did not explode.

The best defense, speakers noted, includes creating a crisis management plan, being aware of potential controversial issues, and keeping key contacts informed so that both internal and external resources can be mobilized for quick support. Among those to “keep in the loop” are IACUCs, the IT and communications/PR departments, and the development office, which may be affected by campaigns related to alumni support.

Groups such as the National Association of Biomedical Research and States United for Biomedical Research can be helpful. AAA can provide assistance in contacting NABR.

Speakers warned that veterinary schools are in a highly vulnerable position. They also cautioned that while local humane societies are generally not involved in negative campaigns, the Humane Society of the United States should be considered a radical activist group.

health in the balanceAAMC Chair Richard Krugman, AAMC President Darryl Kirch, and HHMI President Thomas Cech each expanded on the meeting’s theme from their own perspectives.

Krugman focused on the financial and academic pressures that academic medical centers face in balancing their missions of education, research, and service, suggesting that collaboration and open communication are key to this balancing act.

Describing our current culture as one built to encourage individual success, Kirch pointed to the importance of a culture that encourages and rewards teamwork and collaboration in education, research, and patient care.

Cech looked at balance in research by contrasting the funding philosophy of government funding agencies with that of HHMI. Noting that we need to find a new balance in basic vs. translational research, new vs. established investigators, and innovative vs. incremental research, he said that HHMI has attempted to swing some of the balance by supporting training for physician-scientist and new investigators, and by picking high risk research projects. Cech characterized the HHMI philosophy as one that seeks to fund promising people (not projects) with flexible long-term funding, including substantial technology support to promote transformational research.

Goings & comings inside the BeltwayJosephine P. Briggs, M.D., is the new director of the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), replacing Stephen E. Straus, who stepped down in late 2006 for health reasons. Briggs, who received her M.D. from Harvard Medical School, completed her residency training in internal medicine and nephrology at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, followed by a research fellowship in physiology at Yale School of Medicine. She directed the Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases from 1997 to 2006 and most recently was senior scientific officer at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

David A. Schwartz has resigned as director of NIH’s National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and accepted a new position with the National Jewish Medical and Research Center in Denver. Schwartz, who had temporarily stepped down as NIEHS director last August, will serve as director of the Pulmonary and Critical Care Division and will also lead a new Center for Genetics and Therapeutics.

Assistant/Associate Medical Professors (tenure-track)

Gross Anatomy/EmbryologyBiochemistry/Cell Biology

The Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, The Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education/The City University of New York Medical School, is recruiting two faculty members: one to direct the Gross Anatomy/Embryology course offered to medical students and physician’s assistant students and one to participate in the two-semester Molecules to Cells course offered to medical students.

The candidates must have experience in teaching these similar courses to medical students. Preference will be given to candidates with an ongoing funded research program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Developmental Biology and Male Reproductive Biology. Qualifications: M.D. and/or Ph.D. degree in Cell Biology, Developmental Biology, or related disciplines.

Send the printed version (electronic submission not accepted) of curriculum vitae, names and addresses of three references, a statement of accomplishments and career goals, including current and long-term research plans to: Dr. Abraham L. Kierszenbaum M.D., Ph.D., Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, The Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education/The City University of New York Medical School, 160 Convent Avenue, New York NY 10031.




news& notes

U.S. faces global challenges in R&D and S&T systemsScience and Engineering Indicators 2008, published by the National Science Board, provides a broad base of quantitative information on the U.S. and international science and engineering enterprise. It includes data on Elementary and Secondary Education, Higher Education in Science and Engineering, the Science and Engineering Labor Force, and National R&D Trends, among other topics. Recent data shows that, while U.S. GDP growth is robust, it cannot match large, sustained increases in China and other Asian economies. Nonetheless, the report finds, the U.S. “is broadly holding its own, thanks, in part, to its large, mature, and diversified S&T system. But it, too, faces robust challenges affecting its education, workforce, R&D, and S&T systems that arise from the far-reaching and rapid worldwide changes.” The full report is available at <www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind08/>.

A companion document, Research and Development: Essential Foundation for U.S. Competitiveness in a Global Economy, examines available data and recommends that (1) the federal government take action to enhance the level of funding for, and the transformational nature of, basic research; (2) industry, government, the academic sector, and professional organizations take action to encourage greater intellectual interchange between industry and academia, with industry researchers encouraged to participate as authors and reviewers for articles in open, peer-reviewed publications; and (3) federal agencies should collect the data needed to track the U.S. economic implications of the globalization of manufacturing and services in high technology industry. The full report is available at <www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsb0803/nsb0803.pdf>.

Foreign S&E grad students, S&E doctorates up in 2006After two years of decline, U.S. enrollment of foreign graduate students in science and engineering (S&E) fields increased in 2006. According to the latest NSF data, the increase was largely due to first-time, full-time enrollment of foreign students, which grew 16% over the 2005 level. First-time, full-time enrollment of S&E

researchers challenged to Play active Part in 2008 election Process

f all you’re going to do is vote on November 4,” Research!America Chairman John Porter recently told members of the American Association of

Anatomy, Cell Biology and Neurobiology Chairpersons (AACBNC), “you will have short-changed science, short-changed your profession, and short-changed your country.”

Speaking at AACBNC’s Annual Meeting in January, the long-time biomedical research advocate cautioned the department chairs that “It isn’t enough to pay your dues to your professional societies and hope that they speak for you.” Rather, he insisted, it’s up to scientists to “connect the dots between biomedical research and improved human health” and make advocacy a valued part of the academic institutional culture.

To assist researchers in this effort, FASEB has launched a voter education initiative, ScienceCures (www.sciencecures.org), aimed at raising the profile of federal funding for biomedical research among the candidates and the general public. “When Presidential candidates are making speeches or answering questions about health and health care, we want to make sure that the National Institutes of Health and medical research are an integral part of that discussion,” said FASEB President Robert Palazzo.

ScienceCures encourages scientists to become engaged in calling on leaders to reinvigorate national investment in scientific research through a variety of tools and resources. Via the Web site, researchers and members of the public can contact the candidates, write letters to local media, sign a pledge to educate candidates and elected officials about the importance of federal funding for research, and even register to vote. The site includes a number of resources emphasizing the benefits of biomedical research, including interactive features that provide key facts about medical research, at both the national and state-by-state level.

In addition, the site includes FASEB’s first foray into the YouTube world—videos of Sally Moody, professor of anatomy and regenerative biology at George Washington University, asking presidential candidates about their support for biomedical research.

AAAS and Research!America also offer online resources for learning more about the presidential candidates. AAAS has compiled a summary of candidates’ positions and/or platforms on key science and technology issues across five areas: Competitiveness & Innovation; STEM Education & Workforce; Better Health for Americans; Energy & Environment; and National & Homeland Security (http://election2008.aaas.org).

“I



u.s. medical licensing examination (usmle) Proposed revisionsMembers of the Committee to Evaluate the USMLE Program (CEUP) discussed their Comprehensive Review of the USMLE, particularly the proposed “two gateway” model that would eliminate the current Step 1 exam given during medical school that focuses on basic science knowledge.

The first “gateway” exam would be given after the third year of medical school, integrating knowledge and clinical skills to qualify students for supervised patient care settings. “Gateway 2” would test higher order clinical skills and knowledge sufficient for unsupervised patient care.

AAA and many other basic science societies have raised objections to this proposal, based on their belief that delaying the first exam and integrating basic and clinical concepts would minimize the importance of basic science in the medical school curriculum.

At press time, AAA was joining other society representatives in a meeting with Peter Scoles, senior vice president of assessment programs at the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME). Scoles will also participate in AAA’s Anatomy Education Breakfast Roundtable (April 8, 8-10 a.m. in San Diego).

The CEUP expects to complete final recommendations in mid-March. NBME approval would likely not occur any earlier than spring 2009. If changes are approved, transition and implementation is expected to take at least two years. Details and updates are available at <www.usmle.org/General_Information/review.html>.

AAMC plenary session summaries are available at <www.aamc.org/meetings/annual/2007/start.htm>. Slides from a session on shaping the research agenda may be viewed at <www.aamc.org/meetings/annual/2007/highlights/nih.htm>. v

Richard D. Dey, professor and chair, Dept of Neurobiology and Anatomy, West Virginia University; John Clancy,

professor and chair, Dept. of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Loyola University

graduate students with U.S. citizenship or permanent resident status rose by slightly more than 1%. Total enrollment of first-time, full-time S&E graduate students rose 6% over the 2005 level. The full report—First-Time, Full-Time Graduate Student Enrollment in Science and Engineering Increases in 2006, Especially Among Foreign Students—is available at <www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf08302/>.

Data for the academic year ending June 2006 also showed that U.S. institutions awarded a record number of S&E doctorates, the fourth consecutive annual increase and a 6.7% increase over 2005. According to NSF’s latest Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED), institutions awarded 29,854 S&E doctorates, with biological sciences, computer sciences, mathematics, chemistry, social sciences, and engineering reaching all-time highs. A total of 15,742 doctorates in non-S&E fields were awarded in 2006, an increase over the 2005 count, but a slight decline from the record number of 15,848 in 2004. Data on Science and Engineering Doctorate Awards: 2006 is available at <www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctorates/>.

Working paper guides campuses on conflict of interest policiesThe American Council on Education (ACE) has released a working paper to guide trustees, presidents, administrators, and faculty in strengthening institutional policies and practices in the area of conflict of interest. The paper, drafted by a working group of campus leaders and representatives of several higher education associations, proposes basic principles and identifies questions and criteria to guide review of policies and situations that may raise ethical concerns. The paper also includes a list of resources and identifies several sets of questions and considerations to help guide institutional review and implementation of conflict of interest policies. The report is available at <www.acenet.edu>.

A related article on “Institutional Academic–Industry Relationships” in the Journal of the American Medical Association concludes, “Overall, institutional academic-industry relationships are highly prevalent and underscore the need for their active disclosure and management.” The article (http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/short/298/15/1779) is based on a national survey of department chairs about the nature, extent, and consequences of institutional–academic

industry relationships for medical schools and teaching hospitals. A total of 459 of 688 eligible department chairs completed the survey. Almost two-thirds (60%)

Research!America’s Your Candidates-Your Health: Presidential Primaries 2008 (www.yourcandidatesyour health.org/) features an opportunity to compare candidates’ responses to a questionnaire about where they stand on health and research issues; thus far, however, none of the Republican candidates have responded. R!A also has a new tool examining the economic impact of health research in each state (www.researchamerica.org/state_econ). v

aamc continued from page 13






news& notes

of department chairs had some form of personal relationship with industry.

Bruce Alberts selected as editor-in-chief of ScienceBruce Alberts, president emeritus of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and former chair of the National Research Council (1993-2005), has been named editor-in-chief of Science beginning March 2008. Alberts, professor of biochemistry and biophysics at the University of California, San Francisco, will become the 18th editor-in-chief of Science since its inception in 1880. He succeeds Donald Kennedy, who retired last month after nearly eight years.

NIH director urges researchers to be advocates for science educationIf those of us already passionate about science don’t carry the torch, who will? That’s the challenge laid out by NIH Director Elias Zerhouni in a special edition of his periodic desk-to-desk message focused on science education (www.nih.gov/about/director/newsletter/January2008.htm). Zerhouni provides some data on the low level of science literacy in the U.S. and calls on biomedical researchers to promote science education in their own communities. Resources available from the NIH Office of Science Education include NIH Curriculum Supplements (http://science.education.nih.gov/demos) and a new guide on Scientists in Science Education (http://science.education.nih.gov/sise.pdf ).

Breakthroughs article tells of HPV vaccine development The latest article in FASEB’s Breakthroughs in Bioscience series describes the scientific clues that established the connection between Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer, ultimately resulting in a vaccine against this deadly disease. Viruses, Cancer, Warts and All: The HPV Vaccine for Cervical Cancer is available online (http://opa.faseb.org/pages/Publications/breakthroughs.htm) or in hard copy (301-634-7650 or [email protected]). The Breakthroughs series is a collection of illustrated articles that explain recent developments in basic biomedical research and how they are important to society.

anatomy book shelfgraY’s atlas of anatomY

Richard Drake, Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell, Richard Tibbitts and Paul Richardson, Churchill Livingstone 2007, 576 pp., 1395 illustrations, $74.95

What makes a good gross anatomy atlas? While opinions will vary, some things that all would most likely agree on would include good quality images, easy to find illustrations, and accurate and appropriate labeling. Gray’s Atlas of Anatomy does a good job of hitting those marks. Produced as a companion to Gray’s Anatomy for Students, the atlas contains good quality artwork similar to what is in the textbook, though much of it was drawn specifically for the atlas.

This atlas is organized into traditional regions of the body. Each regional section begins with surface anatomy followed by bony anatomy of the area, though in the extremity sections the osteology is parceled out through the section as one comes to that particular area. In general, the atlas then progresses from superficial to deep, or proximal to distal. The artwork is very clean and well done. There is always a tension in the artwork used in an atlas between looking realistic versus being more art-like to allow easy identification of structures. This text leans toward the latter; the quality is very pleasing. There is extensive correlation with medical imaging including CT, MRI, arteriograms, and radiographs. There is liberal use of multiplanar and volume rendered reconstructions from CT scans. All of the medical imaging is done on current state-of-the-art scanners, so it is of superb quality.

As is increasingly common, purchasing the atlas allows one access to a related Web site, <www.graysatlas.com>. The major content on the site is a collection of videos where an instructor points out structures on a prosected specimen. Surface anatomy demonstrations are shown in another section, though this is not quite ready for prime time. The offerings are limited, the labels sometimes overlap, and, in this reviewer’s experience, they sometimes had German subtitles transiently showing. Sample questions for each region are provided in a USMLE type format. Case studies are included as well, though they are organized alphabetically, not regionally. My suspicion is that most students will peruse this site a few times, then seldom return.



Anatomist/Medical Educator

The Department of Cell Biology at the University of Massachusetts School of Medicine is seeking an accomplished and innovative Anatomist/Medical Educator.

The selected individual will have a full-time commitment to anatomy education and a leadership role in the first-year Human Anatomy course, as well as participating in histology or neuroscience teaching. He or she will be expected to utilize these opportunities to contribute to scholarship in medical education. Appointment will be at the Assistant or Associate Professor rank, commensurate with the candidate’s qualifications and experience.

Additional information about the position and applications is available at:

<www.umassmed.edu/anatomistsearch.aspx>

As an equal opportunity and affirmative action employer, the University of Massachusetts School of Medicine recognizes the power of a diverse community and encourages applications from individuals with varied experiences, perspectives, and backgrounds.

This atlas is appropriate for any student taking a gross anatomy lab course. It distinguishes itself from other atlases in its excellent imaging correlation and having just the right amount of labeling for this audience. It is very complete in what is labeled, but it does not attempt to label everything and end up being a cluttered work that is too much for the student to contend with.

In the end, part of what makes a good atlas is this: Will students use it? In passing it around to several of my current students for comments, a thumbs up was given by most.

Gary C. McCord, M.D., Associate Professor of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics,

Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine continued on next page

animalsin research

FASEB asks USDA to distinguish guidelines from requirements Responding to the USDA’s request for comments on its Animal Care Policy Manual, FASEB cautioned that “it is critically important that local Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs) be given clear and unambiguous direction for ensuring compliance with existing statutory and regulatory requirements.

Therefore, FASEB recommended that all guidance documents that collectively comprise the manual comply with the Office of Management and Budget’s (OMB) standards specifying that “mandatory language such as ‘shall,’ ‘must,’ ‘required’ or ‘requirement’” only be used to describe a statutory or regulatory requirement.

In place of such language, FASEB advised, the USDA should follow the FDA’s policy lead, noting that the manual represents current thinking, but that alternate approaches are permissible as long as the requirements of applicable statutes and regulations are met.

ILAR releases updated report on distress in laboratory animals Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals, published by the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR), focuses on the stress and distress experienced by animals when used in laboratory research. The updated book aims to educate laboratory animal veterinarians, students, researchers, investigators, animal care staff, and animal welfare officers on the current scientific and ethical issues associated with stress and distress in laboratory animals. The book discusses the role of humane endpoints in situations of distress and principles for the minimization of distress in laboratory animals and identifies areas in which further scientific investigation is needed to improve laboratory animal welfare. It is available online at <http://books.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11931>.





humanitY’s mirror, 150 Years of anatomY in melbourne

Ross L. Jones, Haddington Press, 2007; 318 pages + fully annotated and indexed, $35 Australian

The foreword sets the tone for this book—the recounting of the University of Melbourne’s Department of Anatomy’s history—with the hint of a somewhat controversial past.

Because the book is an academic work about an academic department, I prepared myself for a very dry description of department chairs and faculty that would reflect nothing of current day teaching. However, as I began to read the book, I found myself completely engrossed in the telling of this tale. The author did not simply describe a few individuals and how they taught anatomy in a

country located half way around the world from its parent country, but rather described the need for teaching anatomy during a time when the world was learning about Darwin’s evolutionary hypotheses.

The social and political pressures of the late 1800s shaped the way medicine was evolving (e.g., development of anesthesia, using aseptic and antiseptic techniques, the use of formaldehyde as a fixative, etc.) and anatomy was at the heart of these changes in medicine. Also of interest were the colorful personalities and their scientific views that guided these early years in Melbourne. As the reader is led through the school’s fledgling beginnings, one is also given a glimpse of the social and political machinations of the anatomy chairs; from their pro-creationist views to their pro-eugenic leanings. The weaving of this anatomical journey was made more interesting as the people were given context and depth.

The book did have some drawbacks, as the stories were often broken up into different chapters, which led to some confusion when trying to keep the timeline and the characters all in place. Unlike some other books on the subject of anatomy, medicine, or cadavers (e.g., M. Roach’s Stiff or F. Gonzalez-Crussi’s A Short History of Medicine), this book kept the reader in touch with the people who were actually involved with the school and played a part in the general story of anatomy with which we are all familiar. In essence, this book reflects the modern history of Western medicine through the eyes of the University of Melbourne’s Department of Anatomy—Humanity’s Mirror.

book shelf continued from previous page

hotlinksHere are some of the new resources you can get to through AnatomyLink (www.anatomy.org). If you’ve found a site that you’d like to share with colleagues, just go to “Resource Links” and click on “Send it to us.”

www.histology-online.com Histology online is an excellent resource for medical students and instructors alike. The site provides more than 4,000 high resolution histology images and accompanying explanatory text, simulating examination of tissue/organ sections via a computerised microscope. Important histology features are highlighted with hyperlinked keywords. AAA member Geoff Meyer (Univ. of Western Australia) and John Cambpell (UCLA) are developing the system collaboratively. The site includes a detailed slide demonstration of the product and a down-loadable packet of information for instructors who may consider replacing their textbooks with this online resource. A free three-day trial is available and full access for students is $35 per year.

www.getbodysmart.com GetBodySmart, a new fully interactive human anatomy and physiology eBook, is being developed by Scott Sheffield, retired after 21 years as a university instructor. The site offers free tutorials and quizzes through a clean, attractive, and intuitive flash program and is updated regularly.

www.mflinkoping.se/eva Educational Virtual Anatomy, or EVA, is also early in its development. The first beta release focuses on the head and the vessels of the brain, although 3D images of the hip, abdomen, and extremities are also available. All movies may be downloaded at three speeds for browser optimization and images have both English and Latin annotations.

www.visiblebody.com The beta version of the Visible Body’s fully fleshed out interactive 3D human anatomy model online is




Bob Hutchins, Ph.D., Associate Professor & Director of Predoctoral Basic Sciences, Dept. of Biomedical

Sciences, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry

netter’s essential histologYWilliam K. Ovalle & Patrick C. Nahirney, Saunders Elsevier, 2007, 493 pp., $71.95 softcover

There are numerous histology texts, atlases, and combined text-atlases available in the medical student textbook market. Netter’s Essential Histology is a new entrant to the field. The authors have assembled a compilation of drawings— many from the Netter collection—photomicrographs, and electron micrographs combined with a concise text. The intended audience is undergraduate medical students, as well as other professional healthcare students, and faculty who teach histology and pathology courses.

The authors are well known anatomists with many years of experience in teaching the anatomical disciplines. The depth and breadth of their knowledge is reflected in an outstanding presentation of histology. The drawings and images emphasize tissue and organ morphology, including embryological, macroscopic, and histological structure, as well as ultrastructure. Morphology is not presented in isolation. The authors link structure and function with both text and figures. They use timely “clinical points” to relate the normal to the abnormal, but these examples are limited considering the direction of increased integration of histology and pathology in many current undergraduate medical curricula.

The content of this book is very concentrated with optimal use of space. In my experience, our current generation of students likes this approach, although the text makes very dense reading for undergraduate medical students learning histology for the first time. The text will be an excellent resource for students reviewing for National Board of Medical Examiners Subject (“Shelf ”) exams or Step I of the USMLE. Access is provided to Student Consult (www.studentconsult.com), which is popular with students.

The quality of the drawings, photomicrographs, and electron micrographs is excellent. The authors have taken meticulous care in presenting the illustrations and


AAU statement affirms support for vital role of animal research The Association of American Universities (AAU) has released a statement that affirms the “vital role” of animal research “in virtually every major biomedical advance of the last century” and also affirms the obligation of universities “to protect faculty, staff members, and students from harassment, threats, and physical harm, and to work with law enforcement authorities to safeguard animals, and facilities used for such work, as well as the families and homes of university personnel.”

While acknowledging that universities must continue to encourage civil discourse and the open exchange of ideas, the AAU statement maintains that “universities must always ensure a safe environment for conducting their activities, including research involving the use of animals, free of intimidation or violence.” The full statement is available at <www.aau.edu/research/STMT_AAU_Animal_Res_10-22-07.pdf>.

continued from page 17

animalsin research

presented for free by Argosy Publishers and includes detailed models of all body systems, dynamic searching, and 3D models of more than 1,700 anatomical structures. The application is entirely Web-based and is designed primarily for Internet Explorer. Content has been reviewed by an expert panel of physicians and anatomists and is designed to supplement anatomy and physiology coursework at the undergraduate level.

continued from previous pagehotlinks

What’s New with You? gotten an award? received an honorary degree? started a new venture? been honored in any way?

Tell us about [email protected]




have organized them in a manner to optimize student understanding of the relationship between the macroscopic, microscopic, and electron microscopic structure. Photomicrographs of light microscopic, hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections at a variety of magnifications are appropriately supplemented with special stains and electron micrographs. The structural and functional aspects of the cell are beautifully illustrated in the opening chapter and those concepts are applied to tissues and organs throughout the book.

There are no major omissions. The chapters are organized in a very logical order and each chapter is complete in its coverage of key topics. The authors are to be complimented for their inclusion of chapters on sensory systems—coverage of the eye and ear are sometimes omitted from histology atlases and texts because these topics are often covered in neurosciences courses. The review of stains and staining techniques is handled very well in the appendix, which includes both descriptions and photomicrographs illustrating the methods. However, it would have been beneficial to include figures to illustrate immunocytochemistry and scanning electron microscopy. Immunocytochemistry, in particular, is important because photomicrographs using this method are provided throughout the book and it is a technique used extensively in cell biology, histology, and pathology.

In summary, Netter’s Essential Histology is an excellent textbook with exquisite illustrations and micrographs that provide a broad coverage of histology with clinical correlations. The concise textual material may be an advantage for students and faculty members faced with the continued reduction in time for teaching and learning the anatomical disciplines in either integrated or traditional discipline-based curricula.

Robert M. Klein, Ph.D., Professor of Anatomy & Cell Bology, Associate Dean for Professional Development and Faculty

Affairs, University of Kansas, School of Medicine

netter’s histologY flash cardsWilliam K. Ovalle & Patrick C. Nahirney, Saunders Elsevier, 2007, 233 flash cards; $34.95

This set of glossy 4” x 6” flash cards, intended as a study tool for medical and other health professions students, is the only set of histology flash cards so far on the market. The set is organized in two sections: Cells and Tissues (74 cards) and Systems (149 cards). Each card has illustrations on one side, with numbered arrows to relevant structures. On the reverse, names corresponding to the numbers are given, as well as a brief comment describing the structure(s), a clinical note on the same or a related topic, and a cross-reference to Netter’s

book shelf continued from previous page

rfas& rfPs

Check AAA’s AnatomyLink (www.anatomy.org) for weekly updates on research grants, fellowships, and other funding opportunities. Just go to “Awards/Grants” and click on “RFPs/RFAs.”

NIH Director’s New Innovator AwardTo support a small number of new investigators of exceptional creativity who propose bold and highly innovative new research approaches with the potential to produce a major impact on broad, important problems in biomedical and behavioral research. Applications due March 31. http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-RM-08-014.html.

Shared Instrumentation Grant Program (S10)To purchase or upgrade commercially available instruments that cost at least $100,000; maximum award is $500,000. Types of instruments supported include confocal and electron microscopes, biomedical imagers, mass spectrometers, DNA sequencers, biosensors, cell sorters, X-ray diffraction systems, and NMR spectrometers among others. Applications due: March 24. http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-08-036.html

Notice Regarding Authentication of Cultured Cell LinesNIH believes misidentification of cell cultures is a serious problem. However, because authentication methods can be quite specific and are continuously evolving, it would be impractical for NIH to require application of particular methods in all grant applications. The peer review process has been designed to carefully examine the experimental approach and assure that the investigators propose appropriate methods and resources for the described study. Grant applications that fail to employ such practices would not be considered of the highest quality and such manuscripts would not fare well in the journal review process. http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-08-017.html



Essential Histology, a text by the same authors. About 25% of the illustrations are Netter diagrams, more than half are micrographs (about 20% are electron micrographs), and the rest are diagrams by other artists.

The illustrations are of exceptionally high quality and beautifully organized, and the content is accurate and relevant. The following observations apply to a very small fraction of the work, which overall is excellent. The level of detail sometimes errs on the side of not enough. For example: under cytoskeleton, only microtubules are discussed, actin and intermediate filaments are not

mentioned; within the nervous system, there is no card for glial cells and oligodendrocytes are not mentioned; under pituitary, posterior pituitary hormones are given, but anterior pituitary hormones are not listed.

There is a scattering of grammatical and typographical errors, as well as some inaccuracies in content. For example, blood testis barrier is not mentioned with testis, but is mentioned

with tight capillaries, suggesting the barrier is formed by capillaries rather than Sertoli cells; baldness is described as hair follicles ceasing to be formed rather than as a change in hair growth cycle; woven bone is said to be replaced by lamellar bone by age four; hepatic sinusoids are said to be drained by terminal branches of hepatic arteries and portal veins rather than fed by them; anaphylaxis is said to involve antibodies to IgE rather than IgE antibodies; Huntington’s disease is given as a clinical example with cerebellum although it is not a cerebellar disease.

The clinical notes frequently increase the relevance and interest of the topic on the card, but there are missed opportunities to use the notes to deepen understanding of histology. For example, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is used with cardiac muscle. Myocardial infarction would be better and could mention inability to regenerate cardiac muscle, thus making an extremely important clinical point while also bringing up the absence of satellite cells. In the description of liver acinus, viral causes of hepatitis are listed; better to mention a zonal pathology, such as in acetaminophen poisoning.

Having made these observations, I would stress that the overall impression of the cards is very strongly positive. The authors are to be commended for producing an excellent study tool for contemporary integrated curricula. v

Helen Amerongen, Ph.D., Research Assistant Professor, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of

Arizona College of Medicine

NIH Reduces Temporary “Error Correction Window” for Electronic Grant Applications from Five Business Days to TwoNIH has reduced the “error correction window” (i.e. , the time allowed after the submission deadline to address NIH system identified errors/warnings) from five (5) business days to two (2) business days for all electronically submitted grant applications with submission deadlines on or after January 8. http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-08-018.html

Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NRSA) Institutional Predoctoral Training Program in Systems Biology of Developmental Biology & Birth Defects(T32)Letters of intent due April 25, 2008, 2009 and 2010; applications due May 25, 2008, 2009 and 2010. http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-08-054.html


17th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists

Hosted by the Anatomical Society of Southern Africa

16-20 August 2009 at the

Cape Town International Convention Centre Cape Town, Republic of South Africa

On behalf of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA), we would like to invite you to attend the 17th IFAA Congress which will be held in South Africa. This is the first time that the Congress will be hosted on the African Continent. We would be delighted if you would participate in this Congress and contribute to a stimulating and inspiring scientific programme.

Professor Beverley Kramer President, IFAA Congress 2009 For further information contact: Professor G. Louw: Chairman, Organising Committee [email protected] Mrs D. Raubenheimer: [email protected]

For updates on the Congress visit: http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/humanbiology/ASSA/ASSA.IFAA.Conf.htm

www.cmc.uct.ac.za

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AAA NEWSLETTER – march 2008aaa annUaL meetinG/eB 2008 aPriL 5–9 san diego


special lectures

AAA joins a multitude of others in mourning the recent death of Dr. Judah Folkman, who was to have been the keynote speaker at this year’s Annual Meeting.

Keynote Speaker – Sunday, April 6, 6:15-7:15 p.m.

Harold F. Dvorak, M.D. (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center)

Mallinckrodt Distinguished Professor of Pathology Department of Pathological Anatomy Harvard Medical School

Angiogenesis: The Importance of Anatomy

Plenary Speakers – Sunday, April, 6, 8-10 a.m.

Scott Fraser, Ph.D. (California Institute of Technology)

Director, Biological Imaging Center, Beckman Institute; Anna L. Rosen Professor of Biology

Imaging the Cell Motions, Lineages & Interactions that Build EmbryosReductionistic approaches have yielded unprecedented knowledge of the components

involved in biological processes, and present the challenge of integrating this into a complete understanding. For example, the revolution in molecular biology has yielded dramatic new insights into the genes and gene products that might guide embryonic development. To answer the basic question of how an embryo develops, we must determine how these molecular processes are assembled into the working macroscopic entities we call organisms. Biological imaging provides a natural solution to such challenges, but must resolve several competing demands, including: the high resolution needed to track single cells; the challenge of imaging cells in their normal positions in vivo; the need for true volumetric imaging; the wide field of view needed to place these images in context. No single technique has offered the needed combination of attributes, making our present challenge to integrate data from different modalities. I will draw on new findings from the Biological Imaging Center using intravital imaging to illustrate the current state of our misunderstandings and of the imaging technologies that may resolve them.

hyBrid symPosia • hyBrid symPosia • hyBrid symPosia • hyBrid symPosia • hyBrid symPosia

hYbrid sYmPosia include two invited talks and up to four 15-minute oral presentations selected from abstracts.

engineering the microVasculature

Chair: Laura E. Niklason (Yale univ.)see details, page 33.

adVances in imaging Vascular channels in hard tissues

Chair: Lynne A. Opperman (baylor college of dentistry)see details, page 32.

neural crest cells: eVolution, deVeloPment & disease Chair: Paul Trainor (stowers institute for medical research)see details, page 24.

Anatomy: A Full Body of Knowledge

A

now’s the time to invest… in yourself!ith current talk of recession and stock portfolios declining, you may be tempted to pass up meeting travel and stick close to home. Au contraire! This is

the perfect time not only to add to your knowledge base and brush up on your teaching skills, but also to refresh and expand your professional network.

Informal networking opportunities abound at the AAA Annual Meeting/EB 2008—between sessions in the AAA Chat Room (Convention Center, Room 9), over posters and popcorn, and at AAA social events. Or take advantage of the more formal networking available through the EB Career Center and its full array of services, including career development seminars, resume critique workshops, and a Virtual Career Fair that continues after the meeting ends.

And while you’re there, here’s a sampling of what’s offered at AAA’s scientific and education sessions:• Revealing Anatomy Through Medical Imaging (page 24) –

Discover some exciting new ideas for including more medical imaging in your gross anatomy courses.

• Copyright Issues in Using Digital Resources for Teaching in Anatomical Sciences (page 25) – Find out about strategies and resources to improve compliance with copyright laws.

• Master Class: Physical Therapy & Fascia (page 25) – All you ever wanted to know about fasciae so that you can better teach your students.

• Preparing Future Anatomy Faculty & Advancing Educational Scholarship (page 27) – Learn how you can prepare future anatomists both to teach anatomy and advance medical education overall.

• Refresher Course: Biology of the Lymph Node (page 28) – Brush up on the anatomy, immunology, and pathology of lymph nodes.

• Anatomical Record Symposium: Cell Behavior in 3D (page 30) – Find out how studies of cell behavior in 3-dimensions are providing new and important biological insights into cell behavior and gene expression.

• Developmental Dynamics Symposium: Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms of Regeneration (page 32) – Recent advances in identifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern regenerative processes in planarian, zebrafish, and salamanders shed new light on the regeneration of complex structures.

W


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Carlos A.G. Machado, M.D. (Elsevier, Inc.)

Medical Illustrator

Following the Trail of Frank Netter, Master Anatomical Illustrator

For decades, Frank Netter’s medical illustrations have been admired and have taught medicine to health students, health professionals and the lay public all over the world. Netter’s unique style,

technique, talent, knowledge, and remarkable body of work that comprises more than 6,000 illustrated plates, with more than 20,000 individual images, is still unsurpassed by the most prestigious contemporary medical illustrators. One of the key factors that made his style so distinguished is the association of the appealing language and concepts of commercial and advertising illustration with the transmission of scientific knowledge. For 14 years, in my updating of the illustrations in the Netter Atlas of Human Anatomy, as well as many other Netter publications, I have faced the challenging mission of continuing Netter’s legacy, of following and understanding his concepts, and of reproducing his style by using his favorite techniques. This lecture analyzes the factors that influenced Netter’s style and contributed to his success. It also shows similarities and differences between his and my professional training, styles, concepts, and particular techniques.

aaa awards lectures

R.R. BenSley AwARD leCtuRe in Cell BioloGySunday, April 6, 5-6 p.m., Room 10

Ramanujan Hegde (National Institutes of Health)

The Biosynthesis of Secretory and Membrane ProteinsSecretory and membrane proteins are essential

to all intercellular and most intracellular communication, and their precise locations and abundances are tightly regulated to maintain normal organismal physiology. Indeed, the majority of current drugs target secreted and membrane proteins, underscoring their central role in human biology. Our laboratory is working to develop a molecular level understanding of the pathways of secretory and membrane protein biosynthesis and metabolism. We are especially interested in the regulatory machinery controlling protein entry and insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the site where nearly all secreted and membrane proteins are first made. Biochemical approaches are being employed to purify, identify, and functionally reconstitute the machinery underlying these basic cellular pathways. In parallel, the physiologic importance of regulating the metabolism of secretory and membrane proteins are being analyzed in cellular and whole animal models. We anticipate that a greater understanding of these basic cellular pathways will provide insight into the various diseases caused by problems in protein localization, folding, and processing.

C.J. HeRRiCk AwARD leCtuRe in neuRoAnAtoMyMonday, April 7, 5-6 p.m., Room 10

thomas klausberger (Oxford Univ.)

GABAergic Circuits in the HippocampusIn the hippocampal CA1 area a relative homogenous group of pyramidal cells is accompanied by 21 different classes of GABAergic interneurons. Different interneurons

make synapses with distinct compartments of pyramidal cells, but why is such a large diversity of distinct interneurons required? We recorded from identified interneurons in vivo and showed that interneurons targeting different domains of pyramidal cells exhibited distinct firing patterns. The spike timing of parvalbumin expressing basket and axo-axonic cells indicates roles in synchronizing the sub-threshold oscillations and output of pyramidal cells, respectively. The spike timing of bistratified and O-LM cells, which innervate dendrites of pyramidal cells in the stratum radiatum and lacunosum-moleculare, respectively, suggests their role in phasing EPSPs and de-inactivating voltage-gated ion channels of pyramidal cells; bistratified cells also synchronize oblique pyramidal cells dendrites to field gamma oscillations. We discovered GABAergic neurons projecting to subiculum, retrosplenial cortex, and medial septum, possibly supporting synchronization across brain areas. Another class of interneuron expresses neuronal nitric oxide synthase and provides slowly-rising GABAergic inhibition in pyramidal cells. Our results indicate that different GABAergic interneuron release GABA at distinct times to different domains of pyramidal cells explaining the need of diverse classes of interneurons.

H.w. MoSSMAn AwARD leCtuRe in DeveloPMentAl BioloGyTuesday, April 8, 5-6 p.m., Room 10

Sean Morrison (Univ. of Michigan)

The Regulation of Stem Cell Self-RenewalThe mechanisms that regulate stem cell self-renewal are fundamental to the formation and

maintenance of normal hematopoiesis, as well as hematopoietic malignancies. Fetal stem cells differ phenotypically and functionally from adult stem cells in diverse tissues. However, little is known about how these differences are regulated. To address this, we compared the gene expression profiles of fetal versus adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and discovered that the Sox17 transcription factor is specifically and preferentially expressed in fetal and neonatal but not adult HSCs (Cell 130:470). Germline deletion of Sox17 led to severe fetal hematopoietic defects, including a lack of detectable definitive HSCs. Conditional deletion of Sox17 led to the loss of fetal and neonatal but not adult HSCs. Sox17 expression by HSCs was extinguished three to four weeks after birth as HSCs acquired adult properties. During this transition, loss of Sox17 expression by individual cells correlated with slower proliferation and the acquisition of an adult phenotype. Sox17 thus distinguishes the transcriptional regulation of fetal and neonatal HSCs from that of adult HSCs.

PLatform sessions • PLatform sessions • PLatform sessions • PLatform sessions • PLatform sessions

Valdes (florida international univ.) Kui Xu (case Western reserve univ.) Stefano Geuna (univ. of turin medical school) Nijee Sharma (loyola univ. medical center) Kimberly Anne McDowell (univ. of maryland school of medicine) Derek Wainwright (loyola

univ. chicago) Lei Chen (univ. of Kentucky)

Monday, April 7

hoW to maKe a limb: deVeloPmental Paradigms 8-10 a.m., room 7bSupported by an educational grant from Leica Microsystems Inc.

Chair: Hans-Georg Simon (northwestern univ.) Randall Dahn (the univ. of chicago)Johannes Streicher (medical univ. of Vienna) Gregg Duester (burnham institute for medical research) Troy Camarata (northwestern univ.) Marian Ros (instituto de biomedicinia

Sunday, April 6

neurobiologY of cns diseases 2:30-4:30 p.m., room 7aChair: Jessica A. Mong (univ. of maryland school of medicine) Jia Yao (univ. of southern california) James Jason

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As HSCs enter the postnatal period, they become dependent upon the polycomb family transcriptional repressor, Bmi-1. Bmi-1 is required for the postnatal maintenance of every type of stem cell yet examined including HSCs (Nature 423:302, 2003) and neural stem cells (Nature 425:962, 2003). Bmi-1-deficient mice die by early adulthood with stem cell depletion, growth retardation, ataxia, and seizures. These phenotypes correlate with increased expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16Ink4a and the p53 agonist p19Arf, which promote cellular senescence. Deletion of Ink4a and/or Arf from Bmi-1-/- mice partially rescues stem cell self-renewal and stem cell frequency (G&D 19:1432, 2005). Despite ongoing Bmi-1 expression, Ink4a expression increases with age, reducing stem cell frequency and function (Nature 443:448). The regulation of stem cell self-renewal throughout life by networks of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors emphasizes the mechanistic links between stem cell self-renewal and cancer cell proliferation.

Plenary symposia

tHe ARt oF AnAtoMySunday, April 6, 10:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m., Room 8

Chairs: David Jackowe (Univ. of Hawaii School of Medicine) & David Bolender (Medical College of Wisconsin) Gross anatomy is a visual science. Here, a structure is a shape of tissue defined and understood both by its function and its relation to other structures. In creating an anatomy text, medical illustrators must accurately capture this multi-dimensionalism. Different creative perspectives from different artists therefore create different anatomies. For most students today, textbook illustrations are the predominant medium with which they will have a relationship with the anatomy. Furthermore, for many professors and clinicians, illustrations remain indispensable resources for continued learning and improvement of practice. This session invites representatives from the most ubiquitous anatomy atlases, including Gray’s, Netter, Clemente, Thieme, and Grant’s, to discuss the philosophy and methods behind the artwork. The session will conclude with an art show, with illustrations available for gallery-style viewing.

neuRAl CReSt CellS: evolution, DeveloPMent & DiSeASe Sunday, April 6, 10:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m., Room 7B

Chair: Paul trainor (Stowers Institute for Medical Research) Neural crest cells are a stem and progenitor population that are generated transiently during embryogenesis and persist well into adult life. In the head, neural crest cells generate most of the bone, cartilage, peripheral nervous system, and connective tissue and are synonymous with vertebrate craniofacial evolution. This session explores the evolutionary origins of neural crest cells, their contribution to vertebrate development and the mechanism by which defects in their patterning lead to congenital birth defects.

Marianne Bronner-Fraser (California Institute of Technology) Regulatory Events in Neural Crest Formation

Rebecca Mclennan (Stowers Institute for Medical Research) The Role of Neuropilins in Cranial Neural Crest Cell Migration

Philip Brauer (Creighton Univ.) A MMP-independent Role for TIMP-2 during Cardiac Neural Crest Cell Migration

Jennifer kasemeier-kulesa (Stowers Institute) Investigation into the Mechanisms Mediating the Dorsal Migration of Sympathetic Ganglia

Ralph Marcucio (Univ. of California, San Francisco) Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions during Facial Development in Mice

Paul trainor (Stowers Institute for Medical Research) Neural Crest Cells & Congenital Craniofacial Defects

imaging Workshops

ReveAlinG AnAtoMy tHRouGH MeDiCAl iMAGinGSaturday, April 5, 3:30 p.m.-6 p.m., Room 10

Chairs: Carol nichols (Medical College of Georgia) & Jon Jackson (Univ. of North Dakota)Would you like to discover some exciting new ideas for including more medical imaging into your gross anatomy courses? Then join us as we demonstrate several medical imaging modalities that are sure to enhance gross anatomy education. Learn how to incorporate ultrasound technology in the anatomy lab, how to integrate case-based radiology in the classroom and online, and how to develop 3-D anatomy images and animations using Osirix© and other software.

Andrew Payer (Florida State Univ.) Hands-on Use of Ultrasound Equipment in the Anatomy Lab or Large Group Settings

Andrew Swift (Medical College of Georgia) 3-Dimensional Reconstruction from Diagnostic Imaging: Osirix—a New Tool for the Medical Illustrator/Animator

kenneth Ruit (Univ. of North Dakota) Incorporating Imaging into a Case-Based First-Year Anatomy Curriculum

k. Bo Foreman (Univ. of Utah College of Health & School of Medicine) Using Osirix & Adobe Flash to Deliver Case-Based Radiology to the Classroom & through the Internet

y biotecnologia de cantabria)Yasuhiko Kawakami (salk institute for biological studies)Andrew Dudley (northwestern univ.)

teaching innoVations in anatomY i

10:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m., room 8Chair: Jennifer McBride

(cleveland clinic lerner college of medicine) (see page 27)animal models in inflammation & cancer2:30-4:30 p.m., room 7bChair: Baljit Singh (univ. of saskatchewan) Lisa Ann Miller (uc davis school of Veterinary medicine) Chandrashekhar

Charavaryamath (univ. of saskatchewan) Marie-Renee Blanchet (the univ. of british columbia) Abdo Romanos Jurjus (american univ. of beirut)Sung-Hyeok Hong (national institutes of health) Mark Zielinski (univ. of south carolina) Dan Duda

(massachusetts general hospital)

Tuesday, April 8

teaching innoVations in anatomY ii 8-10 a.m., room 8Chair: Kirk M. McHugh (columbus children’s research institute & the ohio state univ.) &



25


e.F. “ted” Fogarty (Univ. of North Dakota) Making Cents of Osirix: Workstation Class Medical Imaging in the Gross Lab

In VIVo iMAGinG oF DeveloPMent: tRACinG Cell lineAGeSaturday, April 5, 12:30 p.m.-3 p.m., Room 10

Supported by an educational grant from Carl Zeiss Microimaging Inc.

Chair: Rebecca Mclennan (Stowers Institute for Medical Research)Advances in imaging technology are offering unique cellular insights that now permit us to trace cell movements for longer time periods in intact living organisms. The speakers will present exciting labeling and imaging methods adapted to visualize events in developing zebrafish, mice, and chick, as well as adult mice. Featured topics will include: studies of the biological roles of receptors and their ligands in heart development, intricate cell behaviors underlying palatogeneis, novel approaches to examine gene function in migrating cells during organogenesis, and dynamics of neuronal cells in behaving animals.

yoshiko takahashi (Nara Institute of Science & Technology) Transposon–mediated Stable Integration of Genes into Migrating Cells During Organogenesis

Henry Sucov (Univ. of Southern California) Tracing Cell Lineage in Mammalian Cardiovascular Development

Johann eberhart (Univ. of Oregon) Live Imaging in Zebrafish Reveals Cell Behaviors Underlying Palatogenesis

Mark Schnitzer (Stanford Univ.) Chronic & Portable Fluorescence Microscopy in Freely Moving Mice

education & teaching track

saturday, april 5woRkSHoP: CoPyRiGHt iSSueS in uSinG DiGitAl ReSouRCeS FoR teACHinG in AnAtoMiCAl SCienCeS10 a.m.-12 p.m., Room 8

Chair: thierry Bacro (Medical Univ. of South Carolina)Over the last few years, universities across the U.S. have become increasingly aware of copyright issues due to a number of legal cases involving copyright infringement. The field of anatomical sciences has been particularly interested

in these matters since, historically, faculty members have drawn rather freely from existing resources to teach. Academic centers have been reviewing their policies and educating their faculty members to enhance compliance with the existing laws. This workshop will present the perspectives of an author writing medical books, a publisher of medical educational resources, a lawyer working in an academic setting, and a faculty member involved in educating faculty about copyright issues. Strategies and resources to improve compliance with copyright laws in an academic environment, in general, and in the field of anatomical sciences, in particular, will be discussed and presented.

Bruce Carlson (Univ. of Michigan) Copyright Issues: An Author’s Perspective

william Schmitt (Elsevier, Inc.) Copyright Issues: A Publisher’s Perspective

william (Chip) Hood (Medical Univ. of South Carolina) Copyright Issues: A Lawyer’s Perspective

thierry Bacro (Medical Univ. of South Carolina) Copyright Issues: A Faculty Member’s Perspective

MASteR ClASS: PHySiCAl tHeRAPy & FASCiA 12:30-3 p.m., Room 8

Chair: Robert Spears (Baylor College of Dentistry)Fasciae are connective tissue layers that envelope the organs, muscles, and neurovascular structures, organizing the body into discrete regions with specialized functions and forming a continuous three-dimensional matrix of structural support. While most anatomical courses teach aspects relating to the fasciae, for many it remains a topic of uncertainty. The focus will be to review the basic histological and structural organization of the fasciae with special emphasis on regional organization and function.

Marion Gordon (Rutgers Univ.) Histology & Organization of the Fascia

David Grogan (Texas A & M Health Science Center) Fascia of the Head & Neck and Spread of Infection

Jennifer Brueckner (Univ. of Kentucky College of Medicine) Fascia of the Abdomen & Pelvis

Mike Benjamin (Cardiff Univ.) Biomechanics & Transmissions of Forces via the Fascia

Camille DiLullo (Philadelphia college of osteopathic medicine) (see page 27)

cardiac biologY 10:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m., room 10Chair: Eduard I. Dedkov (new York college of osteopathic medicine/nYit)

Brenda Rongish (univ. of Kansas medical center) Andre Luiz Pasqua Tavares (univ. of arizona) Ondrej Nanka (charles univ. in Prague) Troy Baudino (univ. of south carolina school of medicine) Andrei Borisov (univ. of michigan medical school) Moni

Nader (univ. of ottawa heart institute) Darlene Hunt (univ. of california, san diego) Bart Westendorp (univ. of ottawa heart institute)

lYmPhangiogenesis 2:30-4:30 p.m., room 7bChair: Melody Swartz (swiss

federal institute of technology lausanne) Timothy Padera (massachusetts general hospital) Emily Wilson (texas a&m health science center)Sharon Stranford (mount holyoke college) Mariappan Muthuchamy (texas a&m health science center)


Save These Dates!Future AAA Annual Meetings/EB

april 18-22, 2009 new orleansapril 24-28, 2010 anaheimapril 9-13, 2011 Washington, d.c.


ASSISTANT/ASSOCIATEPROFESSOR OF ANATOMY

Ross University School of Medicine, located on the Caribbean island of Dominica in the West Indies, has faculty positionavailable for an Assistant/Associate Professor in the Department of Anatomy.

The primary focus of the faculty is to teach, develop teaching materials, and improve curriculum. Thus, effective teachers aresought, particularly those individuals who are interested in improving medical education and who work well on a team.Research opportunities exist, primarily in the area of medical education.

The selected candidate will participate in academic programs and carry out duties and responsibilities as assigned by theDean and the Department Chair including, but not limited to:

• teaching first & second term medical students in Gross Anatomy, which is a 15-week based semester program, repeated three times per calendar year. The course is composed of didactic lectures, weekly laboratory sessions, and is evaluated by means of written term and final examinations

• preparing course material (handouts etc.) and delivering lecture material

• directing weekly laboratory sessions

• preparing, administering, marking and reporting of examinations

• teaching and developing teaching programs within the framework of our Problem Based Learning Curriculum

• participating in faculty meetings, working on assigned committees and meeting with individual students as appropriate

• participating in additional academic responsibilities as requested and assigned by the Department Chair with concurrence by the Dean.

Requirements:

• Ph.D. in Anatomy or equivalent, or M.D./Ph.D.

• extensive knowledge of gross anatomy

• previous teaching position at a North American or United Kingdom medical school in the case of Associate and Full Professor levels

• excellent communicative and teaching skills with a documented record of teaching effectiveness

• prior experience with laboratory instruction desirable

Our mission is to prepare highly dedicated students to become effective, successful physicians in the United States. Basicscience coursework is taught in Dominica and students then complete their clinical studies in the United States. After passingall prerequisite examinations, Ross graduates are licensed to practice medicine in all 50 states of the U.S. Ross UniversitySchool of Medicine is a division of DeVry, Inc (NYSE:DV)

Ross University offers competitive, potentially tax-free annual salaries,relocation assistance to and from the island, deferred compensationprogram, medical benefits, 25 days of paid annual leave, and opportunities forprofessional development. To apply, visit our website at www.rossu.edu/med,select “Careers” and submit your CV, or complete our on-line application process. E.O.E.

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sunday, april 6tHe ARt oF AnAtoMy (See page 24)

inteGRAtion oF eMBRyoloGy & AnAtoMy2:30-4:30 p.m., Room 8

Supported by an educational grant from ElsevierCo-sponsored by AAA’s new journal, Anatomical Sciences Education

Chairs: keith l. Moore (Univ. of Toronto) & Arthur Dalley (Vanderbilt Univ. School of Medicine)The time allotted for teaching embryology in medical and dental schools varies from 4 to 25 hours. An adequate course cannot be taught in 4 hours, even when assigned readings are given in embryology and molecular biology books. The way to overcome this problem is to integrate embryology with other aspects of anatomy: gross anatomy, neuroanatomy, histology, cell biology, and molecular biology. Experts in all these areas will explain how this can be done.

Arthur Dalley (Vanderbilt Univ. School of Medicine) Integration of Embryology & Gross Anatomy

Duane Haines (Univ. of Mississippi Medical Center) Integration of Embryology & Neuroanatomy

wojciech Pawlina (Mayo Clinic College of Medicine) Integration of Embryology, Histology & Cell Biology

Gary Schoenwolf (Univ. of Utah School of Medicine) Integration of Embryology & Molecular Biology

monday, april 7AnAtoMy eDuCAtion BReAkFASt RounDtABleS8-10 a.m., Room 8

teACHinG innovAtionS in AnAtoMy i 10:30-12:30 p.m., Room 8

Chair: Jennifer McBride (Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine)

Andrew Notebaert (Univ. of Iowa)Brian MacPherson (Univ. of Kentucky)Brenda Klement (Morehouse School of Medicine)Christine Eckel (Univ. of Utah School of Medicine)Lawrence Rizzolo (Yale Univ.)Kenneth Jones (The Ohio State Univ.)Carlos Andres Suarez-Quian (Georgetown Univ. Medical Center)Todd Hoagland (Boston Univ. School of Medicine)

PRePARinG FutuRe AnAtoMy FACulty & ADvAnCinG eDuCAtionAl SCHolARSHiP2:30-4:30 p.m., Room 8

Co-sponsored by AAA’s new journal, Anatomical Sciences Education

Chair: valerie Dean o’loughlin (Indiana Univ.)As the pool of experienced anatomy educators continues to decline and current anatomy Ph.D. programs place less of an emphasis on pedagogical development, universities are becoming increasingly concerned about the future generation of anatomy instructors. In addition, anatomy educators are expected not only to teach, but also to pursue pedagogical research in the areas of anatomy and medical education. In this symposium, four anatomy faculty will address the issues of preparing future anatomy faculty and how all faculty can advance educational scholarship. Brokaw and Albertine will discuss their progress in implementing anatomy teacher-scholar programs at their respective institutions. Terrell will define educational scholarship and explore how it is being advanced in the field of anatomy. Finally, O’Loughlin will present data from her Pedagogical Methods in Health Sciences class that shows how this class has helped prepare these students to become reflective and scholarly future faculty.

James Brokaw (Indiana Univ. School of Medicine) Development of an Education Track in Anatomy Ph.D.

valerie Dean o’loughlin (Indiana Univ.) Can We Encourage our Graduate Students to Develop a More Scholarly Approach Toward Classroom Teaching?

Mark terrell (Ohio State Univ.) Advancing Educational Scholarship in Anatomy & Medicine

kurt Albertine (Univ. of Utah School of Medicine) Building an Anatomy Teacher-Scholar Program

tuesday, april 8teACHinG innovAtionS in AnAtoMy ii 8-10 a.m., Room 8

Chairs: kirk M. McHugh (Columbus Children’s Research Institute & The Ohio State Univ.) & Camille Dilullo (Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine)

M.A. khan (Des Moines Univ.)Jeffrey kingsbury (Mohave College)lorinda lynn (Univ. of Utah)ngan nguyen (Univ. of Western Ontario)Jennifer Boeckner (Univ. of Western Ontario)Ashley Clausner (Univ. of Western Ontario)karen Pinder (Univ. of British Columbia)Robert trelease (David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA)

Melody Swartz (swiss federal institute of technology lausanne)

tiPs & techniQues for teaching core anatomY concePts2:30-4:30 p.m., room 8Supported by an educational grant from Elsevier, Inc.

Chair: Noelle Granger (univ. of north carolina school of medicine) (see page 28.)

Wednesday, April 9

stem cells in tissue engineering8-10 a.m., room 7a

chair: dale R. Abrahamson (univ. of Kansas medical center)Deborah Hyink (mount sinai school of medicine) Jay Vivian (univ. of Kansas medical center) Maria Luisa Soledad Sequeira Lopez (univ. of Virginia) T. Rajendra Kumar (univ. of Kansas medical center)

Joseph Khoury (histogenics) Vipuil Kishore (Wayne state univ.) Amelie Lavoie (laval univ.)

groWth & deVeloPment 8-10 a.m., room 10Supported by an educational grant from Gene Tools, LLC


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ReFReSHeR CouRSe: BioloGy oF tHe lyMPH noDe—FouR PeRSPeCtiveS10:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m., Room 8

Co-sponsored with AAI & ASIP

Chairs: David Bolender (Medical College of Wisconsin) & Doug Paulsen (Morehouse School of Medicine)Lymph nodes serve as crossroads of body fluid flow, as well as checkpoints for alerting the body to invasions. Moreover, they serve as organizing centers for responses when such invasions occur. They also represent important examples of how organ distribution and structure provide a basis for understanding normal and pathological function. By combining speakers on basic lymph node structure and function together with those on issues regarding their importance in clinical medicine, we hope to promote an integrated understanding of the significance of these organs in immune function and health.

David Bolender (Medical College of Wisconsin) & Doug Paulsen (Morehouse School of Medicine) Overview of the Lymphatic System/Cell & Tissue Biology of the Lymph Node

linda M. Bradley (Univ. of California, San Diego School of Medicine) Immunology of the Lymph Node

noel weidner (Univ. of California, San Diego School of Medicine) Pathology of the Lymph Node

william Read (Univ. of California, San Diego School of Medicine) Lymph Nodes & Cancer Treatment

tiPS & teCHniQueS FoR teACHinG CoRe AnAtoMy ConCePtS 2:30-4:30 p.m., Room 8

Chair: noelle A. Granger (Univ. of North Carolina)

Sherry Downie (Albert Einstein College of Medicine)Gregory Smith (Saint Mary’s College of California)lawrence wineski (Morehouse School of Medicine)Arthur Dalley (Vanderbilt Univ. School of Medicine)H. wayne lambert (Univ. of Louisville)virginia lyons (Dartmouth Medical School)Robert DePhillip (Ohio State Univ.)todd olson (Albert Einstein College of Medicine)noelle Granger (Univ. of North Carolina School of Medicine)

scientific symposia

sunday, april 6CRAnioFACiAl & Skin DeveloPMent: tHe keRAtinoCyte link2:30-4:30 p.m., Room 7B

Chair: Martine Dunnwald (Univ. of Iowa)Regulatory Factor 6, TGFbeta3, p63 and 14-3-3 pathways are all involved in craniofacial and skin development. This multidisciplinary panel will highlight convergence of signaling pathways responsible for normal development of the lip and palate and epidermis with an emphasis on their common role in keratinocyte differentiation. Keratinocyte – the weakest or strongest link? Come listen and find out.

yang Chai (Univ. of Southern California, School of Dentistry) TGF-beta Signaling & Craniofacial Morphogenesis

Maranke koster (Univ. of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center) p63 Induces Key Target Genes Required for Epidermal Morphogenesis

Aziz Ghahary (Univ. of British Columbia) Stratifin as a Mediator of Epithelial/Mesenchymal Cross Talking in Skin

Brian Schutte (Univ. of Iowa College of Medicine) Recent Insights into the Role of IRF6 in Craniofacial & Skin Development

DeCiPHeRinG tHe ACtionS oF AnGioGeneSiS inHiBitoRS: SuRPRiSeS & new DiReCtionS2:30-4:30 p.m., Room 10

Chair: Marion k. Gordon (EMSOP, Rutgers Univ.)McDonald will talk on how cellular angiogenesis inhibitors affect the cells of blood vessels in both tumors and normal organs. Ireula-Arispe will address the role of VEGF signaling in developmental and pathological angiogenesis, considering whether pharmacological inhibition of the pathway may affect normal vasculature. Bergers will talk on vascular progenitor and modulatory cells in tumors, concentrating on bone marrow-derived monocytes and their function in tumor angiogenesis and invasion.

Donald McDonald (Univ. of California, San Francisco) Cellular Actions of Angiogenesis Inhibitors on Blood Vessels in Tumors & Normal Organs

Chair: Shelley Caltharp (loma linda univ.) Ken Cho (univ. of california) Andrew Bergemann (mount sinai school of medicine) Jaime Sabel (univ. of iowa) Brian Mitchell (salk institute for

biological studies) Jongmin Nam (california institute

of technology) Paul Boutz (univ. of california, los angeles) James Tomasek (univ. of oklahoma health sciences center)

Vascular deVeloPment10:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m., room 7b Chair: Robert J. Tomanek

(univ. of iowa) Yan-Lin Guo (univ. of southern mississippi) Jamie Wikenheiser (case Western reserve univ.) Wei Zheng (univ. of iowa) James Tomasek (univ. of oklahoma health sciences center) Petra Rocic (northeastern ohio universities college of medicine)

Dorothee Weihrauch (medical college of Wisconsin) Nicholas Gale (regeneron Pharmaceuticals, inc.) Ming-Wei Chao (rutgers univ.)



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Gabriele Bergers (Univ. of California, San Francisco) Vascular Progenitor & Modulatory Cells in Tumors

Randall Johnson (Univ. of California, Los Angeles) Hypoxia & Inflammation: Relationship to Angiogenesis

luisa iruela-Arispe (Univ. of California, Los Angeles) Signaling Pathways in Angiogenesis

monday, april 7nuCleAR SteRoiD ReCePtoR ACtion in tHe BRAin 8-10 a.m., Room 7A

Supported by an educational grant from the Loyola University Neuroscience Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine

Chair: toni Pak (Loyola Univ.)Nuclear steroid hormone receptors in the brain are anatomically poised to orchestrate a diverse array of peripheral and central signaling cascades to regulate complex social behaviors and physiological processes. Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of nuclear steroid receptor signaling have shown that perturbations in central nuclear receptor gene expression and function can have profound consequences on neuronal survival, cognition and memory, reproductive function, and mood disorders, to name just a few examples. This session will highlight recent discoveries in estrogen, androgen, and glucocorticoid receptor action in the brain and will emphasize their critical importance from early development through aging.

James Roberts (Univ. of Texas Health Science Center) Mechanisms of Estrogen Receptor Neuroprotection in Dopamine Neurons

Roberta Diaz Brinton (Univ. of Southern California, School of Pharmacy) Estrogen-Induced Neuron Survival Requires Coordinated Responses of Membrane & Nuclear Receptors

Andrea Gore (Univ. of Texas at Austin, School of Pharmacy) Hormone Receptors in the Brain & Relevance to Reproductive Aging

Donald DeFranco (Univ. of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine) Developmental Regulation of Glucocorticoid Receptor Processing in the Brain: Role of Specific E3 Ubiquitin Ligases

tiSSue enGineeRinG in 3D: ReBuilDinG tHe MuSCuloSkeletAl tiSSueS8-10 a.m., Room 10

Chair: Qian Chen (Brown Univ.)The symposium will focus on several key aspects of tissue engineering of musculoskeletal tissues including bone, cartilage, muscle, and tendon. The central idea is to rebuild a functional tissue with anatomically shaped tissue constructs. These key aspects including the selection of biomimetic scaffolds to seed cells, how to replicate the 3D environment for cells to receive mechanical and chemical signals, integration of two tissues with different material and mechanical properties, and considerations of rebuilding anatomically shaped tissues that perform both structural and regulatory functions as an organ.

David kaplan (Tufts Univ.) Regenerating Osteochondral Tissues

Gerard Ateshian (Columbia Univ.) Functional Tissue Engineering of Anatomically Shaped Cartilage Constructs

Qian Chen (Brown Univ.) Mechanical & Chemical Regulation of Cells in a 3D Environment

Michael Hadjiargyrou (SUNY, Stony Brook) Biomimetic Electrospun Scaffold for Tissue Engineering

novel APPliCAtionS oF AnAtoMiCAl DAtA: MoleCuleS to MAn10:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m., Room 7A

Chair: Charles D. little (Univ. of Kansas Medical Center)Anatomy is the premier integrative biological discipline. Gene regulatory networks and cell signaling pathways operate over relatively narrow space/time scales. Anatomical data, however, encompass a nanometer to meter length scale, across the lifetime of an organism. In this session, four investigators harness state-of-the-art technologies to address and illuminate systems level anatomical problems that range from the sub-cellular to the human gait. The work exemplifies modern approaches to large-scale biological data analyses and modeling.

Fabian Pollo (Baylor Univ. Medical Center) Real-Time Anatomical Visualization: Digitizing the Human Gait

Brenda Rongish (Univ. of Kansas Medical Center) Cell & Tissue Dynamics During Gastrulation

Rusty lansford (California Institute of Technology) Multimodal Imaging of Embryogenesis

Joel Stiles (Carnegie Melon Univ.) Large-Scale Volume Data Analysis for Meso- & Macroscopic Physiological Modeling

committees/BUsiness meetinGs/sociaL events • committees/BUsiness meetinGs/sociaL events

aaa business meetings, poster sessions, and socializers are open to all members. unless otherwise noted, all other meetings are by invitation only. cc=convention center, mh=san diego marriott hotel & marina.

Friday, April 4 aaa board of directors 8 a.m. – 5 p.m., mh, cardiff room

Saturday, April 5 Publications committee meeting 2 – 5 p.m., mh, carlsbad room

acYa Pre-judging meeting 2-3:15 p.m., cc, room 9

aacbnc socializer 5:30 – 7 p.m., mh, mission hills room

aaa/Wiley reception (invitation only) 7 – 8:30 p.m., mh, coronado room

Sunday, April 6

new member reception 7 – 8 a.m., cc, room 9

Past Presidents’ luncheon 12:30 – 1:30 p.m., mh, carlsbad room

aaa socializer 7:30 – 8:30 p.m., cc, West terrace

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How to MAke A liMB: DeveloPMentAl PARADiGMS10:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m., Room 7B

Henry Gray/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Scientific Achievement Award Symposium

Chair: John F. Fallon (Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison) For more than 100 years, the developing vertebrate limb has attracted the attention of anatomists. As we have moved from gross anatomical studies to molecular and genetic approaches, the intricacies of limb developmental mechanisms emerged; these served as paradigms for other organ systems. It is delightful that each time we think a complete understanding of limb development will soon be reached, new, more interesting and challenging vista emerges. This symposium gives us the opportunity to understand the very latest insights about limb developmental mechanisms.

Cliff tabin (Harvard Medical School) Patterning the Vertebrate Limb

Gail Martin (UCSF Medical School) Function of Sprouty Genes in Limb Development

Marie kmita (Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal) Role of HOX Genes in Early & Late Limb Development

lee niswander (Univ. of Colorado) Cell Behaviors & Morphogenesis in Early & Late Limb Development

An evolutionARy PeRSPeCtive on HuMAn AnAtoMy2:30-4:30 p.m., Room 7A

Co-sponsored by AAA’s Advisory Committee for Young Anatomists

Chair: Jason organ (Johns Hopkins Univ. School of Medicine)The disciplines of anatomy and physical anthropology have traditionally been closely linked: anatomists benefit from an understanding of the evolutionary history of our modern form, and physical anthropologists rely on anatomical principles to make informed evolutionary inferences about our closest relatives. This symposium highlights the research of early-career physical anthropologists who take a functional anatomical approach to understanding our evolutionary origins. Particular topics will include the evolution of human locomotion, energetics, biomechanics, and musculoskeletal form.

David Raichlen (Univ. of Arizona) Are Two Legs Better than Four? Comparative Biomechanics & the Evolution of Human Walking & Running

k. lindsay eaves-Johnson (Univ. of Iowa) Correlating Costal Curvature & Lung Volume in the Genus Homo: a Geometric Morphometric Approach

Caley orr (Arizona State Univ.) Locomotor Hand Postures & the Functional Anatomy of the Hominid Wrist

Qian wang (Mercer Univ. School of Medicine) Biomechanics of the Primate Craniofacial Skeleton & Its Relevance to Human Evolution

neuRo-iMMune inteRACtionS in inJuRy & DiSeASe 2:30-4:30 p.m., Room 10

Co-sponsored by the Association of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Neurobiology Chairpersons

Chair: John Clancy, Jr. (Loyola Univ.)There have been numerous documentations that the immune and nervous systems “talk” to each other. However, the exact mechanism(s) for this dialogue have not been demonstrated. In this symposium, you will first learn that certain subsets of T lymphocytes are integral to this process as they play major roles in not only neurodestruction, but also neuroprotection after injury. You will next learn that microglia are involved in not only antigen processing and presentation, but also in the production of critical cytokines for an immune response within the nervous system. In the context of disease, you will learn that HIV-1 infected microglia or macrophages release cytokines, neurotoxins, and chemokines that may help mediate pain hypersensitivity often severely manifested during systemic HIV-1 infection.

virginia Sanders (Ohio State Univ.) A Primer for Understanding Neuro-Immune Interactions

kathryn Jones (Loyola Univ. School of Medicine) CD4 T Cell-Mediated Neuroprotection: Relevance to ALS & Motoneuron Injury

Monica Carson (Univ. of California, Riverside) Microglia & the CNS: Specific Regulation of Antoreactive T Cells

Fletcher white (Loyola Univ. School of Medicine) Controlling Neuropathic Pain in HIV

tuesday, april 8Cell BeHAvioR in 3D8-10 a.m., Room 7A

Co-sponsored by The Anatomical Record

Chair: Gina Schatteman (Univ. of Iowa)Over the past two decades new technologies have made it simpler to study cells in 3-dimensions both in vitro and in vivo. In general, these studies have supported earlier work in 2-dimensions, but they have also shown the limitations of work

Monday, April 7 terminology committee 8 – 9:30 a.m., mh, cardiff room

Public affairs committee 8 – 9:30 a.m., mh, carlsbad room

minority student career Workshop 11:30 a.m. – 1:30 p.m., mh, marina d

educational affairs committee 12 – 2:30 p.m., mh, cardiff room

aaa business meeting 6 – 7 p.m., cc, room 7b

aaa student/Postdoctoral Posters & reception 7 – 8 p.m., cc, room 7b

Tuesday, April 8 membership committee 7:30 – 9:30 a.m., mh, cardiff room

Anatomical Record editorial board meeting 12 – 2 p.m., mh, cardiff room

aaa/acYa Judges meeting 2-4:30 p.m., mh, carlsbad room

aaa reception & banquet 7 – 10 p.m., mh, marina f/g

Wednesday, May 2 aaa Program committee 9 a.m. – 12 p.m., cc, room 8

committees/BUsiness meetinGs/sociaL events • committees/BUsiness meetinGs/sociaL events




in planar geometries. This symposium will highlight studies of cell behavior in 3-dimensions and how the inclusion of the third dimension is providing new and important biological insights into cell behavior and gene expression.

Shigeo okabe (Tokyo Medical and Dental Univ.) Three-Dimensional Analyses of Neuron/Astrocyte Dynamics

Glen Prestwich (Univ. of Utah) Three-Dimensional Studies in Drug Discovery

Jean Schwarzbauer (Princeton Univ.) Studying the Matrix in Three Dimensions

kazunori nakajima (Keio Univ. School of Medicine) Reelin & Neuronal Migration

inS & outS oF HeARt DeveloPMent8-10 a.m., Room 10

Chair: Andy wessels (Medical Univ. of South Carolina)Cardiac development involves a series of events starting with the generation of the precardiac mesoderm and ending with the formation of a four-chambered heart in which the respective compartments are separated by septal structures and valves. Several mesenchymal cell populations, originating from different sources, including the endothelium, neural crest, and epicardium, play a role in valvuloseptal morphogenesis. This symposium will discuss new insights into the origin, development, and fate of these subpopulations of cells.

Brian Black (Univ. of California, San Francisco) Transcriptional Control of Heart Development

H. Scott Baldwin (Vanderbilt Univ.) Role of Mesenchymal Heterogeneity in Construction of the OFT

José Pérez Pomares (Univ. of Málaga) Embryonic Epicardial Cell Lineages: Making & Unmaking a Heart

Simon Conway (Indiana Univ. School of Medicine) Role of Periostin in Maturation of the Mesenchymal Outflow Tract Septum

MoRPHoGen GRADientS in DeveloPMent & DiSeASe10:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m., Room 7A

Chair: todd D. Camenisch (Univ. of Arizona)Spatial gradients and activities of morphogens cue cells about their environment and how to respond in complex extracellular contexts. This is especially true for patterning in multicellular organisms and in acquiring information that transitions cells into a disease-state such as cancer. The mechanisms that produce and control these gradients and activities are not fully understood. The extracellular matrix contributes to the regulation and coordination of morphogen signals that promote commitment and differentiation of cellular phenotypes. This symposium highlights representative situations where matrix and spatio-temporal patterning influences cellular responses to specific signals. Such investigations are redefining cellular communications and expanding the appreciation for how cell fates are determined across a myriad of biological fields.

Joyce Schroeder (Univ. of Arizona) Go or Grow: How HA Controls the EGF Receptor

Susie nilsson (Monash Univ.) Characterizing the Extracellular Components of the Hemopoietic Stem Cell Niche

Brad Davidson (Univ. of Arizona) An Asymmetric Response to Fibroblast Growth Factor During Heart Development in Primitive Chordate

Charles little (Univ. of Kansas Medical Center) Cell & Tissue Motion Gradients during Embryogenesis

ReGeneRAtive MeDiCine: enABlinG teCHnoloGieS FoR CliniCAl tRAnSlAtion10:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m., Room 7B

Chair: George J. Christ (Wake Forest Univ.)This session will highlight the development of the innovative technologies, tools, methods, and devices that will further enable tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to increase the range of clinical applications. The ultimate goal of the session is to discuss, review, and identify the next-generation transformational technologies and tools required for improved human health, benefit, and performance from utilization/application of regenerative medicine/tissue engineering.

James yoo (Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine) Clinical Applications of Regenerative Medicine Technology

Johnny Huard (Univ. of Pittsburgh) Stem Cell Technology for Tissue Engineering/Regenerative Medicine

Harm knot (DMT-USA, Inc.) Development of Clinical & Experimental Bioreactors for Regenerative Medicine

tim Bertram (Tengion, Inc.) Regulation, Production & Distribution of Neo-organs

CRoSStAlk & Co-DePenDenCe Between neuRAl & vASCulAR SySteMS2:30-4:30 p.m., Room 7A

Chair: nicole ward (Case Western Reserve Univ.)This symposium will provide a forum for the presentation of research findings evaluating the tightly coordinated growth and interactions of the vascular and nervous systems throughout development and in vascular and neurological disease. Areas for discussion will include the involvement of neural growth factors and neural guidance molecules in vessel patterning and branching; ECM-vascular interactions during neuroblast migration in the adult brain; and the importance of the neurovascular niche during neurogenesis following ischemia.

yosuke Mukoyama (National Institutes of Health) Control of Blood Vessel Fate & Branching Pattern by Nerve-Derived Signals

Anne eichmann (Collège de France) Neuronal Molecules Involved in Blood Vessel Branching

Adam Puche (Univ. of Maryland) Migrating the Adult Brain: Vascular & ECM Mediated?

S. thomas Carmichael (Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA) A Neurovascular Niche for Neurogenesis after Stroke





CellulAR & MoleCulAR MeCHAniSMS oF ReGeneRAtion2:30-4:30 p.m., Room 10

Co-sponsored by Developmental Dynamics

Chair: Shannon J. odelberg (Univ. of Utah)Throughout the animal kingdom, there are numerous examples of organisms that possess remarkable regenerative abilities. Some vertebrates, such as salamanders and zebrafish, can regenerate complex structures, including their appendages, heart ventricles, and spinal cords, while certain invertebrates, such as planarian, can regenerate an entirely new individual from a small piece of an animal. This session will cover recent advances in identifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern regenerative processes in planarian, zebrafish, and salamanders.

kyle Gurley (Univ. of Utah) Systematic Analysis of Cell Signaling During Planarian Tissue Regeneration, Remodeling & Homeostasis

kenneth Poss (Duke Univ. Medical Center) Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms of Regeneration in Zebrafish

Hans-Georg Simon (Northwestern Univ., Children’s Memorial Research Center) Extracellular Control of Muscle Regeneration

Shannon odelberg (Univ. of Utah) An Investigation into the Cellular & Molecular Basis for Newt Spinal Cord Regeneration

Wednesday, april 9ARteRioGeneSiS8-10 a.m., Room 7B

Chairs: ola Awad (Univ.of Iowa) & Matthias Heil (Max-Planck-Institute for Heart & Lung Research)Arteriogenesis is the compensatory growth of blood vessels following major arterial occlusions. This session will focus on the cellular and molecular basis of arteriogenesis with special emphasis on the unique aspects and the role of fluid shear stress as a pivotal trigger for arteriogenesis and how vascular integrity is maintained by VE-cadherin-p120-catenin complex. Another topic will be the signaling pathways during coronary collateral growth, with focus on the redox-sensitive signaling Akt, p38 MAPK pathway.

Michael Simons (Dartmouth Medical School) Molecular Determinants of Arteriogenesis

Borja Fernández Corujo (Univ. of Málaga) Collateral Artery Growth in Two Animal Models: Rabbit and Mouse Hind-limbs

Petra Rocic (Northeastern Ohio Univ. College of Medicine) Mechanistic Basis for the Disparate Effects of Angiotensin II on Coronary Collateral Growth

Matthias Heil (Max-Planck-Institute for Heart & Lung Research) Physical, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms of Collateral Artery Growth

eARly DeCiSionS By eMBRyoniC SteM CellS: DiveRSiFiCAtion into & inteRACtion Between enDoDeRMAl & MeSoDeRMAl lineAGeS10:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m., Room 7A

Co-sponsored by Developmental Dynamics

Chairs: John w. lough & Stephen A. Duncan (Medical College of Wisconsin)Experimentation on whole embryos during recent decades has led to widespread acceptance that development of the heart and liver is inter-dependently regulated via sequential interplay between progenitor cells that may begin as early as pre-gastrulation. Simply stated, definitive endoderm specifies precardiac mesoderm (reviewed in Dev. Dyn. 217:327; 2000), factors from which later specify liver differentiation in adjacent definitive endoderm (reviewed in Mech. Dev. 92:83; 2000). Because this sequence of interdependent specification is presumably recapitulated during the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro, a major theme of this symposium is to address whether molecular mechanisms shown to govern these processes in the embryo may be exploited to efficiently induce cardiomyogenic cells, or endoderm derivatives such as hepatocytes or pancreatic cells, from pluripotent ESCs for clinical application. Because this process begins with the decision of ESCs either to enter differentiative pathways or to perpetually self-renew as pluripotent cells, the role of epigenetic histone modifications in this process will be addressed by Fritsch. Dalton will describe how ESCs become specified into endoderm and mesoderm lineages, and how definitive liver, pancreatic, and cardiomyogenic cells may emerge from them. Liu will report on evidence for a factor in ESC-derived endoderm that regulates the expression of factors which, in turn, specify cardiomyogenic cells. Finally, Mercola will describe high-throughput technology designed to discover small molecules that regulate cardiomyocyte differentiation, cell cycle, and physiology.

Michael Fritsch (Univ. of Wisconsin Medical School) Role of Epigenetic Histone Modifications during Early Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation

Stephen Dalton (Univ. of Georgia) Specification of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Pancreatic Lineages

yu liu (Baylor College of Medicine) Endodermal Sox17-dependent Pathways & Cardiac Specification

Mark Mercola (Burnham Institute for Medical Research) Discovery of Pathways & Small Molecules that Induce Stem Cell Cardiogenesis

hybrid symposia

ADvAnCeS in iMAGinG vASCulAR CHAnnelS in HARD tiSSueS Monday, April 7, 10:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m., Room 10

Chair: lynne A. opperman (Baylor College of Dentistry)Feng will talk about the coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis, showing 1) the relationship between vessel pericytes and osteoprogenitor cells; 2) osteoblast produced HIF-1a represents the rate-limiting component of osteogenic-angiogenic coupling and trabecular bone formation; and 3) osteocyte signaling feeds back to angiogenesis in bone. Dechow will discuss how ultrasonic methods to determine 3D elastic properties coupled with µCT and conventional histology to quantify osteonal structure suggest that osteon orientation is correlated with cortical anisotropy. Supported by NIH/NIAMS AR051587 (JF), NSF BCS-0240865 and HOMINID-0725141 (PCD).





Paul Dechow (Texas A&M Health Science Center) 3D Imaging of Hard Tissue Vasculature

Jerry Feng (Texas A&M Health Science Center) Imaging Cell Processes in Hard Tissues

takeshi Matsumoto (Osaka Univ. Graduate School of Engineering Science) Trabecular Bone Dynamics in Mice Subjected to Unilateral Sciatic Neurectomy Assessed by In Vivo mCT Using Monochromatic Synchrotron Radiation

Carol Muehleman (Rush Univ. Medical Center) Diffraction Enhanced Computed Tomographic Imaging

kristen Brown (The Johns Hopkins Univ. School of Medicine) Locomotor Effects on Limb Bone Biomechanical Properties in Sciurids

izabela Maciejewska (Baylor College of Dentistry) N-terminal and C-terminal Fragments of Dentin Matrix Protein 1(Dmp1) are Distributed Differently in Bone, Dentin and Cells.

Ryan kerney (Dalhousie University) Cellular Changes of the Skull During Xenopus Laevis Metamorphosis

enGineeRinG tHe MiCRovASCulAtuRe Tuesday, April 8, 8-10 a.m., Room 7B

Chair: laura e. niklason (Yale Univ.)The field of vascular regeneration has made tremendous progress in the past decade, resulting in viable replacements for both veins and arteries in humans. Progress in engineering of stable microvasculature has been somewhat slower, perhaps because of the delicate anatomic complexity of these structures. However, it is widely acknowledged that the most fundamental current barrier to large-scale tissue regeneration is our limited ability to form perfusing microvessels. In this session, we will highlight recent advances in forming stable engineered microvasculature. Both in vitro and in vivo studies point to the critical importance of both extracellular matrix cues and non-endothlial cell types, for the formation and stabilization of engineered capillaries.

George Davis (Univ. of Missouri) Control of Microvascular Tube Assembly by Endothelial Cell-Pericyte Interactions

lucie Germain (Laval Univ.) Capillary Reconstruction in Skin & Blood Vessels by Tissue Engineering

Dai Fukumura (Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School) Creation of long-lasting blood vessels in vivo

Jessica Copeland (Univ. of Kansas Medical Center) Notch regulates multiple signaling pathways during extra-embryonic vascular differentiation of the yolk sac

neuRAl CReSt CellS: evolution, DeveloPMent & DiSeASe (See page 24)

Thanks, Thanks, Thanks!!aaa thanks those who support the sessions and awards at the aaa annual meeting/eb 2008:

gold sponsors ($3500+)• Elsevier,Inc.• LippincottWilliams&Wilkins• LoyolaUniversityNeuroscienceInstitute,Loyola

university chicago, stritch school of medicine• MarchofDimes• Wiley-Liss

silver sponsors ($1000-$3499)• JohnFallon• JEOLUSAInc./AACBNC• CarlZeissMicroimaging,Inc.

bronze sponsors (<$1000)• Bio-RadLaboratories• GeneTools,LLC• LeicaMicrosystemsInc• KeithMoore

“Peer Review at NIH: Making Sure the System Works”

Sunday, April 6, 2008 11:30 AM - 1:00 PM San Diego Convention Center, Room 16A

in June 2007, the nih began a months-long examination of its current peer review system, with the goal of “optimizing its efficiency and effectiveness, and to ensure that the nih will be able to

continue to meet the needs of the research community and public-at-large.”* after consulting with the research community and other relevant stakeholders, the nih has

proposed and/or implemented changes - big and small - that will have an effect on every nih grant applicant, on every scientist who serves on an nih study section, and on the future of

biomedical research funding in the united states.

come hear about these changes - and share your views and concerns.

CHAIRolivera J. finn, Ph.d.

President, the american association of immunologists Professor & chair, department of immunology, university of Pittsburgh school of medicine

SPEAKERS

lawrence a. tabak, d.d.s, Ph.d.director, national institute of dental

and craniofacial research, nihco-chair, advisory committee to the nih director

Working group on Peer review

Keith r. Yamamoto, Ph.d.executive Vice dean, school of medicine, ucsfProfessor, cellular/molecular Pharmacology and

biochemistry/biophysics, ucsfco-chair, advisory committee to the nih director

Working group on Peer review





student/Postdoc aWard Platform sessionslAnGMAn GRADuAte StuDent AwARD PReSentAtionSaturday, April 5, 3:30-5:15 p.m., Room 8

Chair: Christine eckel (Univ. of Utah School of Medicine)

Jia yao (Univ. of Southern California) Estrogen Regulation of Mitochondrial Function is Pivotal for Protection Against Alzheimer’s Disease

kimberly Anne McDowell (Univ. of Maryland School of Medicine) Sleep Alteration in an Environmental Neurotoxin Induced Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Jianming liu (Univ. of Illinois) Genetically Determined Proteolytic Cleavage Modulates A7B1 Integrin Functions

Derek wainwright (Loyola Univ. Chicago) T cells and Chemokine Expression in the CNS: Relevance to Motoneuron Injury and ALS

Andrea DeSantis (Rutgers Univ.) An Organ Culture Model for Studying Corneal Wound Healing

Ashley Brooke Clausner (The Univ. of Western Ontario) Wrist Osteology: Do Students Prefer Stereoscopic Lectures?

troy Camarata (Northwestern Univ.) Tbx5 Subcellular Regulation by LMP4 during Pectoral Fin Development

PReSley-ZeiSS PoStDoCtoRAl PlAtFoRM AwARD PReSentAtionSaturday, April 5, 5:45-6:15 p.m., Room 8

Chair: David Jackowe (Univ. of Hawaii School of Medicine)

Andre luiz Pasqua tavares (Univ. of Arizona) Temporal Pattern of Expression of EMT Molecular Markers in the Chicken Embryo Heart

Ryan Robert kerney (Dalhousie Univ.) Cellular Changes of the Skull During Xenopus laevis Metamorphosis

Troy Camarata

Ashley Brooke Clausner

Andrea DeSantis

Jianming Liu

Kimberly Anne McDowell

Derek Wainwright

Jia Yao

Ryan Robert Kerney

Andre Luiz Pasqua Tavares





AAA Poster SessionsBe sure to take time to surf the AAA posters, which you’ll find “front & center” in the Exhibit Hall! Posters are up all day with presentation times from 12:30-2 p.m. each day so that you can connect with presenters over the lunch break.

Popcorn provided!

Sunday, April 6Stem Cells: PrenatalStem Cells: PerinatalStem Cells: Postnatal

Regenerative Medicine: Cell-Scaffold InteractionsRegenerative Medicine: Organ & Tissue RegenerationRegenerative Medicine: Urinary System Regeneration

Wound HealingImaging Anatomy

Cardiovascular Biology: DevelopmentCardiovascular Biology: ECM & Cells

Cardiovascular Biology: Anatomy & MorphologyCardiovascular Biology: Dynamic Imaging

Cardiovascular Biology: Cell SignalingCardiovascular Biology Molecular Mechanisms

Cardiovascular Biology: Angiogenesis, Lymphaniogenesis & Vasculogenesis

Monday, April 7Anatomy Education

Anatomy Education: Computer-assisted LearningAnatomical Form & Variation

Bones, Cartilage & Teeth: CraniofacialBones, Cartilage & Teeth: Postcranial

Bones, Cartilage & Teeth: Aging, Disease, Genetic Models & Engineering

Bones, Cartilage & Teeth: Molecular Mechanisms

Tuesday, April 8Neurobiology

Neurobiology: Anatomy & MorphologyNeurobiology: Sensory Systems

Neurobiology: Repair & RegenerationCell Biology

Cell Biology: Gene RegulationCell Biology: Contractility/Muscle

Cell Biology: Membranes, Organelles, Cilia, & Flagellae Cell Biology: Electron Microscopy

Growth & DevelopmentGrowth & Development: Craniofacial

Growth & Development: Hind Limb Development & Regeneration

Growth & Development: Reproduction

AAA Student/Postdoc Posters & Reception

Monday, April 7, 7-8 p.m., Room 7B

Late-breaking AbstractsWednesday, April 9, Exhibit Hall

Presentations: 10:30 a.m.-12 p.m.

rfas& rfPs continued from page 21

Innovative Technologies for Molecular Analysis of Cancer (R21)Exploratory research projects focused on the inception and early stage development of highly innovative cancer-relevant technologies with emphasis on technically innovative molecular analysis tools with the potential to add a new quality to the investigations of the molecular basis of cancer in vitro, in situ, and/or in vivo. Letters of intent due: April 29, August 24; application due: May 29, September 24. http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-CA-08-006.html

NIH Administrative Revisions for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell (hPSC) Research Using Non-Embryonic Sources One-year administrative revisions for NIH-funded grantees to encourage research into the derivation and/or characterization of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) from non-embryonic sources. Applications due April 1. http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-NS-08-013.html

Thyroid in Aging (R01)To promote basic, translational, and clinical studies leading to increased understanding of the physiology of the aging thyroid and improved diagnosis and management of thyroid disease in older adults. http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-08-037.html

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine (R01)

Nanotechnology and nanoscience have the capacity to drive a new wave of medical innovation through the engineering of bioactive nanoscale structures, processes, and systems based on the advancement of our understanding of biology at the nanoscale. Nanoscience and nanotechnology refer to research and development on the understanding and control of matter at a length scale of approximately 1 - 100 nanometers, where novel properties and functions occur because of the size. http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-08-052.html



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ANATOMISTS - Federation of American Societies for Experimental

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