ANALYSIS OF PROGRAMS, MODELS OF SOCIAL INTERVENTIONAND INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAMS’ PRACTICESON SEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN.

THE CASE OF COMMERCIAL SEXUALEXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN IN CHILE:A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS APPROACH.

9th BASPCAN CongressEdgardo Toro

Second Year PhD Student PhD Interdisciplinary Social Sciences in Health

The University of EdinburghSupervisors: Dr. Ethel Quayle,

Dr. Marion SmithEdinburgh, April 2015

School of Health in Social Sciences PhD Interdisciplinary Social Sciences in Health

Overview

1. Chilean context Transitions:

Socio economical: developing country – emergent economyCultural: traditional culture - secular culture

Violence as an important issue CSEC

2. Brief summary of the proposal The main aim Methodology design Ethical issues

3. Some preliminary advances of research Literature Review Government documents: main categories & discursive productions

Map Pictures8 of June 2011

http://www.wpmap.org/

Joaquín Torres GarciaAmerica Invertida, 1943Tinta sobre papel 22x16

http://www.torresgarcia.org.uy/

Alfredo JaarA logo for America, 1987http://alfredojaar.net/

1. Chilean Context

Photos by Humberto Loboswww.humbertolobos.com

Transitions: Socio economical, developing country to emergent economy

Poverty Extremepoverty

Casen Survey 2013 , Minister of Social Development Chile: Evolution Human Development IndexHuman Development Report 2012

Gini coefficient

Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 1970-2012

Inglehart–Welzel Cultural Map

2010-20142005-2009

World Values Survey http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/wvs.jsp

Transitions: Cultural, traditional to secular culture

31.90%

68.10%

Prevalence in Life Domestic Violence

Violence as an important issue Source: UNICEF 2012.

Types Cases

Criminal complaintssexual abuse (2014)

20.134Ministerio Público 2014

CSEC victims (2007-2014) 4112SENAME (2014)

Women who have suffered violence at sometime in their life

Women who havenever suffered violence

Source: Ministerio del Interior y Seguridad Pública 2013.

Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC)

CSEC can define as:

“The use of children and adolescents for sexual satisfaction by adults inreturn for remuneration in money or in kind, paid to child or to a third party.It amounts to a form of coercion and violence against children, and is definedas a contemporary form of slavery.”

(Facultative Protocol Convention of Rights of Children, 2000)

• Global and national social problem

• Violation of Human Rights

• Production of a market of child sexualcommercialisation in multi - modalities

• Networking practices

• Historical and cultural dimensions

• Chilean case: 11 years of national programs toprovide support for victims

Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC)

DNA Foundationwww.demiandashton.com/

Chilean case: 11 years of national programs to provide support for victims

Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC)

• CRC signed

1990

• First International Congress Stockholm

1996 • First and Second National Plan against CSEC

1999 and 2006

• Studies on CSEC

2003-2014

• Legal Changes

2001-2011

• National Programs

• 16 specialised centres

• Technical standards

2004-2014

2. Brief summary of the proposal

a) Textual / descriptive level:• Matrix Discursive productions

b) Narrative /relational level: To determinate the Orders…• Authorship• Institutionalisation• Facts

c) Performative level: • Types of discourses• Relationship between discourses

Data Production

Data Analysis

Ethical Issues

Research should be designed, reviewed and undertaken to ensure integrity,quality and transparency.

Research staff and participants must normally be informed fully about thepurpose, methods and intended possible uses of the research, what theirparticipation in the research entails and what risks, if any, are involved.

The confidentiality of information supplied by research participants and theanonymity of respondents must be respected

Research participants must take part voluntarily, free from any coercion. Harm to research participants and researchers must be avoided in all

instances The independence of research must be clear, and any conflicts of interest or

partiality must be explicit.

http://home.messiah.edu/

http://www.childmolestationvictims.com/www.childwise.org.au

Literature Review (procedure)

FLOW DIAGRAM SYSTEMATIC REVIEWPRISMA 2009

3. Some preliminary advances of the research

Literature review

Discussing notions of Commercial Sexual Exploitation (CSEC) and Child Sexual Abuse (CSA)

• Child sexual violence is a historical invariant.

• Child protection is a historical variant .

• Both trends are present in the Universal and

Chilean history.

Historical Approach

Legal Perspective

Psychosocial Perspective

• Process of recognition of childhood as a

subject of law and subject of protection.

• Legal framework explicitly recognises CSEC as

a domestic and international crime.

• Diversity and heterogeneity in psychosocial notions.

• Emphasis in three groups of this: behaviourist, subjectivist and situated.

• Nuclei related to the violence: damage, victimisation and objectification.

Texts

Codes

Sub Category

CategoriesMainCategories

Discursive productions

Textual / descriptive level:

Speaker, Audience, Object, Conflicts, Truth strategies

3. Some preliminary advances of the research

Secondary sources – Government documents (14) between 2004 -2014

Main Category Categories Sub category and Codes Excerpt

i) INTERVENTION CYCLE

7. THE ASSESSMENTIN CSEC

• Violence assessment

a) Specialised assessment about specific damage in children survivors on CSEC: assessment procedures to get to know life history, damage and psychological assessment.

b) CSEC assessment: procurer's characteristics, relationships and criminal network.

c) Detecting type of violence and actors involved.

d) Assessment of child maltreatment: abandonment, protection resources, peers involved on CSEC, dynamics of exchange in CSEC, criminal networks.

e) “The existence of abuse and/or maltreatment (typology, chronicity, aggressor figure).

Children leaving home and/or the begging of a street-like behavior and commercial sexual exploitation.

Protective figure perceived by the child or teenager.

The existence of other peers involved with the same exploiter.

Exchange dynamics installed between the exploiter and the child or teenagers in order to design intervention strategies.

Previous admissions.”

(Technical guidance to CSEC, 2014)

Main Categories Categoriesi) INTERVENTION CYCLE 7. THE ASSESSMENT IN CSEC

25. THE DESIGN OF THE INTERVENTION IN CSEC

26. MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF THE INTERVENTION IN CSEC

ii) STRATEGIES OF WORKING IN CSEC 3. PSYCHOTERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION IN CSEC

4. FAMILY INTERVENTION IN CSEC

6. INTEVENTIONS MADE BY THE STAFF IN CSEC

26. NETWORKING TO PROVIDE SOCIAL SERVICES

FOR VICTIMS OF CSEC

iii) PURPOSES OF THE INTERVENTION 21. PROMOTION, SENSITISATION AND PREVENTION OF CSEC

22. SAFETY AND INTERRUPTION OF CSEC

16. REORGANISING AND INTEGRATING THE EXPERIENCE OF CSEC

IN THE INTERVENTION PROCESS

18. SOCIAL INTEGRATION IN INTERVENTION OF CSEC

iv) INTERVENTION CONDITIONS 11. QUALITY IN THE INTERVENTION IN CSEC

14. CHARACTERISTIC OF CSEC INTERDISCIPLINARIES STAFF

15. CHARACTERISTICS OF CSEC INTERVENTION

Government documents: descriptions and main categories

Government documents: descriptions and main categories

Main Categories Categories

v) APPROACHES ON CSEC 9. NOTIONS OF CSEC

12. GENDER APPROACH CSEC

20. RESEARCH, REPORTS AND DATA PRODUCCTION

IN CSEC

23. TERRITORIAL APPROACH IN INTERVENTION IN

CSEC

vi) PRINCIPLES GUIDING OF THE INTERVENTION 2. CONVENTION'S IMPACT

13. IN THE BEST INTEREST OF CHILDREN

17. CHILDREN SUBJECT OF LAW AND PROTECTION

vii) INSTITUTIONAL ACTORS 8. STATE AGENCIES INVOLVED IN CSEC

10. INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES INVOLVED IN CSEC

19. SOCIAL PROGRAMS RELATED TO CSEC

viii) POLITICAL- JUDICIAL FRAME 1 DOMESTIC LAW

5. JUDICIAL PROCESS AND SYSTEM IN CSEC

27. CHILDCARE SOCIAL POLICIES

Government documents: Discursive productionsScheme 1: Tension Normative v/s Management

Intervention cycle

Strategies of working

Purpose of the intervention

Approaches In CSEC

Institutional actors

Intervention conditions

Principles guides

Political Judicial framework

Speaker AudienceObject

TruthStrategyConflict

Government documents: Discursive productionsScheme 2: Tension Definitions v/s Construction

Intervention cycle

Strategies of working

Purpose of the intervention

Intervention conditions

Approaches in CSEC

Institutional actors

Political Judicial

framework

Principles guides

SpeakerAudience

Object

ConflictTruthStrategy

Government documents: Discursive productionsScheme 1: Tension Ideal v/s Pragmatic

Political Judicial framework

Principles guides

Approaches in CSEC

Intervention conditions

Intervention cycle

Strategies of working

Purpose of the intervention

Institutional actors

SpeakerAudience

Object

ConflictTruthStrategy

Thanks for your attention!

Any question?Any comments?