Analysing the Saving Potentials and Defining the Targets.

Analysing the Saving Potentials and Defining the Targets

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH

Motivation for Energy Perforamnce Contracting – Public Sector

Climate Protection

Cost reduction

Equipment modernisation / Renovation

Pushing innovation / Beacon project

Development of the regional economy

... ?


Savings Potential and Target Setting - overview

Data Collection

Analysing the potential

Need for Investment

Building SelectionDecision for contracting Target Setting Implementation


Main data categories:

Energy consumptions and costs for electricity, heat/fuels etc. Water consumptions and costs (drinking water, sewage) Using data (operating hours, numbers of pupils etc.) Description of the sites/buildings (heated areas, main energy

consumers, service meters, comfort standards,....)

Data collection and potential analysis are precondition forverification of baseline costs and definition of targets for improvement energy efficiency / saving of costs

Energy consumption, metering and monitoring


Data Collection


Need for Investment



Specifically interesting buildings for

performance contracting:

• Administrative /Office buildings• Schools, Kindergarten, Universities• Hospitals, Nursing homes• Cultural Centres, Libraries• Sports Facilities (esp. Swimming pools)

Criteria for selection of buildings • Above average energy consumption + costs• Long term user concept (for next 10 years) • Clear ownership structure


Data Collection


Need for Investment



Steps

1. Data collection

a. Energy costs or energy consumption

b. Reference values, e.g. floor space, number of persons

c. Known weak spots

2. Calculation of efficiency indicators

3. Comparison with benchmark => Estimate of saving potentials


Schools: Heating consumption

Example: kWh/m2/a, kWh/student/a.

Attention: differences in area definition: gross or net area used

Office: Electricity consumption

Example: kWh/m2, kWh/work place

Hospitals: Water Consumption

Liters/bed and day

Indicators


Benchmarking

Water consumption indicators, German public buildings 1993 (VDI 3807, Part 3)

Type of utilisation m3/m2 main occup. area

Guide value m3/person and year

Administration buildings 0,54 0,50 5,8

Police station buildings 0,46 0,40 5

General sports buildings 2,55 2,60

Communal centres/dwellgs. 2,43 2

Build. for cultural purposes 0,44 0,40

Prisons 3,28 2,80

Technical universities 0,96 0,60


Water consumption indicators, German public buildings 1996 (VDI 3807, Part 3 and ages)

Type of utilisation Size (beds) Average value (l/bed per day)

Guide value

Hospitals, basic supply 0-250 342 206

Hospitals, controlled supply 251-450 400 272

Hospitals, central supply 451-650 447 347

Hospitals, maximum supply 651-1000 421 181

Hospitals Over 1000 701 393

Schools 6 – 10 l/pupil

Kindergartens 11 – 14 l/user

Benchmarking


Municipal water use by sectors (example Berlin 1992 - 2003):

Inhabitants (million) / year

3,47 / 1992 3,46 / 1996 3,33 / 2000 3,39 / 2003

Total consumption (million m3)

270,9 229 212,6 214,4

Domestic consumption

(million m3)

174,5 161 152,9 157,2

Domestic consumption per person and day (l/d per pers.)

138 128 126 127

Benchmarking


Examples with energy indicators of public buildings in Austria and Switzerland:

Energy Indicators (Space Heating and Hot Water Production) of Public Buildings

Building category Bad values Actual

average values

Desired values after renovation

[kWh/m²a] [kWh/m²a] [kWh/m²a]

Administrative buildings > 150 90 – 150 60 – 80

Kindergartens > 150 90 – 150 50 – 80

Homes > 180 150-190 < 168

Schools > 150 90 – 150 50 – 80

Benchmarking


Following table shows examples with energy indicators of public buildings in Germany (Standard VDI 3807):

Energy Indicators (Space Heating/Hot Water Production and Electricity) of Public Buildings

Building category

Average Heating energy consumption values

Desired values

(Heating energy)

Average Electricity

consumption values

Desired values

(Electricity)

[kWh/m²a] [kWh/m²a] [kWh/m²a] [kWh/m²a]

Administrative buildings 110 65 17 8

Kindergartens 120 65 6 5 Hospitals (based on number of beds in kWh/a)

228000 15800 5100 3000

Schools 90 55 7 4 Swimming pools (based on pool surface in kWh/(m2a))

3895 1800 808 414

Benchmarking


Uncertainties of the method

• Missing or not enough energy consumption data for estimation of real energy indicators (also if there are only lump-sum invoices for energy consumption)

• Too short periods under consideration / measuring periods

• Weather influence

• Occupancy level

• average values of the ascertained energy indicators are sometimes only insignificantly higher than the desired values to be aimed at during / after renovation (there can be extremely high differences even in buildings within the same category or from the same building period)

• There are no (not enough...) standard energy efficiency indicators for the building category (country specific indicators)

Benchmarking


Typical energy saving potentials for different types of measures

Energy consumption sector Economic saving potential

Heating till to 35 % Hot-water supply Depends from the installed system (approx. 10 –

30 %) Consumption control approx. 10 – 15 % Eletricity for the heating facilities approx. 15 % Lighting till to 30 % Office appliances Depends from the use to capacity and user

behaviour Internal measures / user behaviour at least 25 % Supply of cold/facilities approx. 10 % Ventilation approx. 10 – 30 % Internal measures approx. 10 %


Data Collection


Need for Investment



Energy saving guarantee: low…..high

Public budget consolidation low…..high

Contract duration short…..long

Investment costs low…..high

Investment structure modernisation…..redevelopment

Energy-Controlling unimportant…..important

Maintenance unimportant…..important

User motivation unimportant…..important

Observation of comfort levels unimportant…..important

Documentation unimportant…..important

Reflecting system requirememts


System requirements for Pool 10, TFH Technical College Berlin

• Buildings: 5 buildings of the Technical College

• Baseline Costs : 2 Mio.Euro, net (heat and electricity)

• Maximum contract duration: 10 years

• Energy Savings to be achieved: 30% (average all buildings)

• Level of budget consolidation: 6% of baseline costs

• Energy-Controlling yes

• Maintenance: for installed equipment

Example

Analysing the Saving Potentials and Defining the Targets.

Documents

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