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![Page 1: An Outline of Classical Rhetoric Frank D’Angelo Adapted from English 523 Classical Rhetoric and Written Composition Arizona State University.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051215/56649ed35503460f94be3bd3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
An Outline of Classical Rhetoric
Frank D’Angelo
Adapted from
English 523 Classical Rhetoric and Written Composition
Arizona State University
![Page 2: An Outline of Classical Rhetoric Frank D’Angelo Adapted from English 523 Classical Rhetoric and Written Composition Arizona State University.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051215/56649ed35503460f94be3bd3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Rhetoric: The Three Branches:
1. Deliberative (political)
2. Judicial (forensic or legal)
3. Epideictic (Ceremonial)
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Deliberative (political)
1. Aim–to exhort or dissuade
2. Ends–expediency or inexpediency
3. Time–future
4. Audience–chooses between alternative courses of civic action.
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Judicial (forensic or legal)
1. Aim–to accuse or defend
2. Ends–justice and injustice
3. Time–past
4. Audience–judges the innocence or guilt of someone accused of a crime.
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Epideictic (ceremonial)
1. Aim–to praise or blame
2. Ends–honor and dishonor
3. Time–present
4. Audience – praises the speech and the skill of the orator.
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Rhetoric–The Five Parts
1. Invention
2. Arrangement
3. Style
4. Memory
5. Delivery
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Invention
Stasis–the main points at issue
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Invention
Proof–two kinds
Inartistic
Artistic
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Invention
Proof:
a. Inartistic
1) sworn testimony
2) documents
3) laws
4) torture
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Invention
b.artistic
1) ethical—speaker’s character ethos
2) emotional—audience’s mood pathos
3) logical—rational argument logos
i) deductive—topoi and enthymemes
ii) inductive—example
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Arrangement
Aristotle—4 essential parts
1. proem
2. statement of facts
3. proof
4. epilogue
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ArrangementCicero—7 part structure
1.exhortation2.narration3.proposition4.confirmation5.refutation6.digression7.conclusion
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Style: The 3 Types
Low or plain (unornamented)
Middle (somewhere in between)
Grand (ornamented)
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Style: the 4 Virtues
1. Purity (correctness)
2. Clarity
3. Decorum (appropriateness)
4. Ornament
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Style: Sources of Ornament
1. Schemes
2. Tropes
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StasisDefinition of “Stasis”:
1.The first conflict of two sides of a case, resulting from the rejection of an accusation: “You did it,” / “I did not do it.”
2.The starting point of a case.
3.The circumstances that give rise to a case.
4.The point at issue in a legal argument.
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Stasis: Four Kinds of Issues
1. Conjectural—dispute over a fact.
2. Definitional—dispute over a definition.
3. Qualitative—dispute over the value, quality, or nature of an act.
4. Translative—dispute over moving the issue from one court or jurisdiction to another.
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Stasis: Central Question of the Case
1. Based on an analysis of the issues
2. Coming from the conflict of pleas: “I was justified in doing it.” / “You were not.” “Was he justified in doing it?”
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Stasis:The Reason or Excuse
1. That which holds the case together
2. “He was justified in doing it because she killed my father.”
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Stasis:Point for Judge’s Decision
1. That which arises from denial of the reason or excuse.
2. That which arises from assertion of the reason or excuse.
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Stasis:Foundation of the Defense
1. Strongest argument.
2. Argument most relevant to the point for the judge’s decision.
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Stasis:Advancing the Argument
1. Investigating the topoi.
2. Inductive and deductive reasoning.
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CLASSICAL INVENTIONCommon Topics of Invention
Process
Comparison
Contrast
Classification
Narration
Exemplification
Causes
Effects
Definition
Description
Negation
Analysis
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An Outline of Classical Rhetoric
Frank D’Angelo
Adapted from
English 523 Classical Rhetoric and Written Composition
Arizona State University