An Introduction to Teaching Music to Children with Special Needs Ryan Hourigan Ph. D. Ball State...
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![Page 1: An Introduction to Teaching Music to Children with Special Needs Ryan Hourigan Ph. D. Ball State University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c33b52/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
An Introduction to Teaching Music to Children with Special
Needs
Ryan Hourigan Ph. D.
Ball State University
![Page 2: An Introduction to Teaching Music to Children with Special Needs Ryan Hourigan Ph. D. Ball State University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c33b52/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: An Introduction to Teaching Music to Children with Special Needs Ryan Hourigan Ph. D. Ball State University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c33b52/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: An Introduction to Teaching Music to Children with Special Needs Ryan Hourigan Ph. D. Ball State University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c33b52/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
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The Prism Project
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Landscape of Special Education
1960’s Civil Rights Movement Desegregation Equal rights for all people
Pre 1970’s Invisible People
Institutions/no education
(Adamek & Darrow, 2005)
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PL 94-142 or IDEA
• Six Basic Principles• FAPE (Free and Appropriate Education)• Nondiscriminatory evaluations• LRE (Least Restrictive Environment)• IEP• Parents have rights• Due Process
• Amended several times since (86,90,97,&04)
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Inclusion/Mainstreaming
Why????? (From Class)
Inclusion “Meaningful participation of students with special needs in
general education classrooms”
Mainstreaming (older term) The inclusion of students with special needs into general
education for a portion of the school day(Lewis & Doorlag, p. 424)
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Where do I begin?
“The Team” Participate in the
process
Seek out the document (IEP)
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Adaptation of Instruction
Assessing your student Finding a baseline Setting appropriate goals
Also see IEP Other assessments in other areas
Are they at grade level?
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Label-free approach
Communication
Cognition
Behavior
Sensory
Physical
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Communication and Children with special needs
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Communication
• Areas of concern:
• Receptive Language
• Expressive Language
• Cognitive Functioning
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Receptive Language
• Receive, process, and decode information.
Receptive Language
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Expressive Language
Expressive Language
•Ability to use symbols of language to express thoughts (Lewis & Doorlag, 2006)
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Cognition
Receive Information
Understand and Process Information
Commit to Long Term Memory
Express Understanding
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Other challenges
• Joint Attention
• Eye Gaze
• Echolalia
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Adaptations: communicationAdaptations for Children with Special Needs: Communication
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Adaptations for Educators
• Clear Instructions
• Longer Processing
Time
• Multiple Modes
• Communication Journal
• Technology
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Adaptations for Educators
• Varied Responses
• Icons for Expression
• Watch for other signs of understanding
• Peer Support
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Expressive LanguagePECS (Boardmaker)
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Prism Stomp!
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Reflective Question (with a partner)
How could you improve the learning environment for students with special needs in the area of communication?
Be prepared to share one example.
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Cognitive Challenges and Children with special needs
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Cognition
The ability of a student to receive, process, and commit information to memory
(Davis, Gfeller, and Thaut, 1999)
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Cognitive Domain
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Other Cognitive Challenges
• Weak Central Coherence
• Local rather than the global aspects
• “Drill down” on a topic
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Theory of Mind
• Predicting Actions
• Figures of Speech
• Tone of Voice
• Facial Expression
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Executive Function
• Multi-step Directions
• Processing Delays
• Remembering
• Motor Planning
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Adaptations: Cognition
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Adaptations for Educators• Self-assess your delivery of material
•Are there interruptions in the cognitive process?
•How is your pace?
•Affective Domain/Theory of Mind
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BehaviorBehavioral and Emotional Challenges for Students with Special Needs
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Behaviors/Meltdowns/Outbursts
• Typical causes:
• Communication
• Anxiety
• Attention Seeking
• Disruption in Routine
• Regulating Emotions
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Reflecting on an Incident (Questions to ask yourself)
• Is there an antecedent?
• Is the behavior due to impulse control or
attention ?
• Routine change?
• Is the behavior interrupting learning?
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Adaptations for Children with ASD: Behavior Positive Reinforcement
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Personal Behavior Checklist
Found my folder/book
✔
Sat in my seat ✔
Followed Directions
✖
Kept my hands to myself
✔
Inside Voice X
Participated in music
✔
Lined up at the end of class
✔
5 Days of no “x”s = ???
4 Days of no “x”s = ???
Etc.
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Positive Individualized Behavior Plan
Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1
Can have choice time with drums, computer, or music books
Can have choice time with drums or music books
Can have choice time with music books
No choice time
Move up:•Raising your hand before asking a question or making a comment•Following directions
Move down:•Talking back•Disrupting class (not allowing teacher to teach and other students to learn)
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Physical DomainSensory and Physical Challenges for Students with Special Needs
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Areas of Sensory Concern
• Tactile Sensitivity
• Visual Sensitivity
• Aural Sensitivity
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OTHER SENSORY ISSUES you may not have thought of…
• Vestibular • Balance and Movement
• Proprioceptive • Body Position
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Sensory Integration Disorder
• Often occurs in many persons with autism
• Sensory Input• Hyper/hypo
• Contributes to the issues previously mentioned (e.g., behavior)
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Gross Motor vs. Fine Motor
• May affect things like instrument choice
• Movement activities
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Instructional Environment
• Clear Routine
• Consistent Expectations
• Anxiety
• Impulsivity
• Positive Reinforcement
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Challenges to Consider
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Issues with InclusionPersons with disabilities are more likely to be behind in social development
Persons with disabilities are more likely to face social isolation
Persons with special needs encounter failure more often
(Lewis & Doorlag, 2005)
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More issues to consider:The Family
Stress
Siblings
Difficulty engaging the community
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Attitudes Previous Special Education System
Isolate and remove
Teachers and Adults From the old way Inform children
Information can change attitudes
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Socialization of Children with ASD
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Socialization Challenges for People with Autism
• Theory of Mind (revisited)
• Joint Attention (revisited)
• Affective Development
• Peer Relationships
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Reflective Question (with a partner)
How could you improve the social environment for students with special needs (in your future classroom)? Be prepared to share one example.
![Page 56: An Introduction to Teaching Music to Children with Special Needs Ryan Hourigan Ph. D. Ball State University.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062721/56649f1d5503460f94c33b52/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
The Prism Project: Hip-Hop Experience
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Questions• Contact information:
• Ryan Hourigan, Ph. D. ([email protected])• The Prism Project www.prismprojectbsu.org
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Encore….?