Susan M. Ryan, Dean Tandy Grubbs, Professor and ChairLibrary & Learning Technologies Department of ChemistryduPont-Ball Library Stetson UniversityStetson University wgrubbs@stetson.eduDeLand, FL 32720sryan@stetson.edu

Beyond MakerSpaces:Integrating 3D Printing into the Curriculum

MakerBot Cupcake (2009)

• 3D printing = Additive Manufacturing

• Patented in 1986 (~$20,000)

• Today: Low-end Desktop = $500-$3000

Higher-end Commercial = $20,000+

3D Printing Filament

Photo courtesy Dr. Mario Urdaneta

3D Printer = Glorified Glue Gun

Gartner Hype Cycle – Emerging Technologies - 2009

Gartner Hype Cycle – Emerging Technologies - 2014

Need for 3D Printing ExpertiseDemand for workers with 3D printing skills has increased by 1,834% in the past four years

Semester-Long 3D Printing Curriculum:

• Wentworth Institute of Technology, U.S.

• Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore

Source: 3DTectonix, “3D Printing Curriculum for College and University Students,” posted January 3, 2015.

Four-Year 3D Printing Hiring Trends

Source: Ashley Zito Rowe, “Demand for 3D Printing Skills Soars,” WantedAnalytics, September 4, 2014.

July 2010

July 2011

July 2012

July 2013

July 2014

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Number of Job Ads for 3D Printing Skills

3D Printing in Libraries

Head of Public ServicesduPont-Ball LibraryStetson University

3D Printing to Enhance Curricula

Our Question: How To

Enhance Curricula and

Promote Student Learning

with 3D Printing?

• Build it – They Will Come

Innovation Lab

• Stratasys • MakerBots• Makerbot Scanner• Stratasys WaveWash

Stetson 3D Printers

• Cost ~$2,500

• 2 extruder model (2 colors)

• 100 micron layer resolution

• Breakaway “rafting” support

material

Heated bath for dissolving support material

• Cost ~$20,000

• 1 extruder model (1 color)

• 100 micron layer resolution

• Heated build chamber

• Dissolvable support material

3D Printing to Enhance Curricula

Our Question: How To

Enhance Curricula and

Promote Student Learning

with 3D Printing?

• Build it – They Will Come

• Develop Collaborations

Collaboration Challenges

• Management of Technology

• Costs

• Hardware and Software

Issues

• Time Commitment

• Staffing

• Level of Mediation Required

• Institutional Barriers

3D Printing to Enhance Curricula

• Support of institutional mission

• Support of library mission

• Promoting library relevancy and

visibility

• Marketing and promotion

• Fundraising magnet

• Publications and presentations

Collaboration: Opportunities for Librarians

3D Printing to Enhance Curricula

• Curricular Innovation

• Experiential learning

• Student research

• Interdisciplinary collaboration

• Cost-sharing

• Publications and presentations

Experiential learning is a process where the learner interacts with the world, integrating new learning into old constructs.

Janet Eyler, “The Power of Experiential Education,” Liberal Education, Fall 2009.

Collaboration: Opportunities for Faculty

Crossing the Divide

Chemistry Software/Web Applications

3D Printing?File Extensions: .stl, .wrl, .x3d, .obj

File Extensions: .pdb, .mol2, .cif, .xyz

3D Graphical File Formats - .stl most common

File Extension

Name

.stl Standard Tessellation Language or STereoLithography

.wrl (VRML) Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)

.x3d Extensible 3D

.obj OBJ file

.iges Initial Graphics Exchange Specification

.dae Collaborative Design Activity (COLLADA)

Nearly all current commercial 3D printers accept .stl files as input.

3D Printing Molecular Structures

Buckminsterfullerene (or Buckyball): C60

Acetone Vapor Treatment Adds Gloss to the ABS

Gaussian

Python Molecular Viewer (PMV)

3D Printer

Cubic Crystals (General Chemistry)

1. Simple Cubic

2. Body-Centered Cubic

3. Face-Centered Cubic

Crystal Lattices

Inorganic Li90P90 Nanotoroid Double-Helix

Creators from Dr. Alexander Boldyrev’s lab (Utah State University) provided Gaussian optimized coordinates at the BP86/6-31G(d) level of theory.

Gaussian

Python Molecular Viewer (PMV)

3D Printer

Optical Isomers

Optical isomers are two compounds with the same chemical formula, but have differing 3-D shapes such that one cannot be superimposed on other (one is the mirror image of the other).

“Through the Looking-Glass”

~Lewis Carroll (1871)

Thalidomide (birth defects)

Thalidomide: administered as an anti-nausea drug in the 1950-60s, and was later shown to be a teratogen

S(-) isomer causes birth defects.

R(+) isomer is thought to be harmless; effective against morning sickness.

Chiral Recognition Complex

1. Host and guest structures optimized using the Gaussian 09 computational chemistry package [DFT, B3LYP level of theory with a 6-31G(d,p) basis set]. Save output as a .mol2 file.

2. Python Molecular Viewer (PMV) or PyMOL is used to convert .mol2 file to an .stl or .wrl file.

3. Netfabb or MeshLab is used for further editing before 3D printing.

Gaussian

Python Molecular Viewer (PMV)

3D Printer

Chiral Recognition Compound

PyMOL

MeshLab

3D Printer

Gaussian

Proteins: Protein Data Bank

Plastocyanin: computer graphic ribbon structure (left) and 3D printing on the Makerbot (right)

Protein Data Bank

PyMOL

3D Printer

MeshLab

Physical Chemistry Lab Assignment

Students 3D printed molecules after creating and optimizing the structures using computational chemistry software

3D Printing to Enhance Curricula

Our Question: How To

Enhance Curricula and

Promote Student Learning

with 3D Printing?

• Build it – They Will Come

• Develop Collaborations

• Use Students as Teachers

3D Printing to Enhance Curricula

Our Question: How To

Enhance Curricula and

Promote Student Learning

with 3D Printing?

• Build it – They Will Come

• Develop Collaborations

• Use Students as Teachers

• Share Success Stories

3D Printing Collaboration Outcomes

• Three National Conference Presentations

• Two National Conference Posters

• State Conference Presentation

• Teaching Shared Excellence Colloquium

• Two Book Chapters

• Journal Article

• Three Senior Research Projects

• Two Innovation Awards

Several of these publications/presentations involved undergraduate student co-authors

Beyond Chemistry…

• Biology

• Mathematics

• Computer Science

• Music

Scanned bear, human, and manatee skulls

Beyond Chemistry…

• Biology

• Mathematics

• Computer Science

• Music

Student-designed flower to be used in insect research

Beyond Chemistry…

• Biology

• Mathematics

• Computer

Science

• Music

Mathematica Software to 3D-Printable Function

Beyond Chemistry…

• Biology

• Mathematics

• Computer

Science

• Music

Functional Drone – Senior Research Project

Beyond Chemistry…

• Biology

• Mathematics

• Computer Science

• Music

Students Printing Functional and Replica Instruments and Parts

3D Scanning

$700 Commercial Scanner

3D Scanning – 123DCatch - Free iPhone App

123D Catch

MeshLab

3D Printer

To Consider…. What learning/emerging technologies are the best

match for your institution’s curriculum?

Does an emerging technology bring a new twist to something already being taught?

Would students find concepts in a particular discipline more accessible through hands-on learning technologies?

Would student enthusiasm/motivation be positively impacted by using new technologies?

Do publication/presentation opportunities for librarians, teaching faculty, and students open up by using new technologies?

Acknowledgements

Financial generosity of Betty Drees Johnson, Trustee, Stetson University.

duPont-Ball Library librarians and staff. Stetson students. Chemistry faculty Drs. Ramee Indralingam, Harry

Price, Paul Sibbald, and John York.

More Information: Susan Ryan, sryan@stetson.edu