An An Introduction Introduction

to Plantsto Plants

General Characteristics of

Plants Hold up the correct number using your

fingers that corresponds with the correct answer

1 = Prokaryotic 2 = Eukaryotic

1 = Unicellular 2 = Multicellular

1 = Sexual 2 = Asexual 3 = Both

General Characteristics of

Plants Plant cells are similar, but also different to

animal cells

Turn to your partner and… Give three ways plant cells are different

from animal cells

Cell Wall

Chloroplasts

Large Vacuole

Plant Adaptations for Land

In order for plants to be successful on land, they needed to find a way to effectively Obtain water & nutrients

Prevent water loss (maintain homeostasis)

Reproduce

Plant Adaptations for Land

Today you will work with a partner to investigate The cells of plants

How they obtain nutrients

How they prevent water loss

How they reproduce

You will also investigate how plants are used for food and for nonfood purposes

The Plant Cell 1. Elodea Plant Cell

Create a wet mount slide of Elodea

Observe, draw, and label what you see on medium or high power

When you’re done, rinse off your slide & cover slip and place it back on the paper towel up front

What cell organelles should you see and label?

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Chloroplasts

Plants – Specific Characteristics

2. Investigating Plant Characteristics

Using your textbooks, you will investigate with your partner the specific characteristics of different kinds of plants (ex: reproduction, absorbing nutrients)

3. Plants used as food and non food purposes Use your textbooks as your main source for

this section

If there is extra time, use the laptops to research how we use plants for nonfood purposes

Whiteboard Quick Questions

What is the difference between vascular and nonvascular plants? Nonvascular – transports materials through

osmosis and diffusion

Vascular – system of xylem & phloem to transport materials

Whiteboard Quick Questions

Why were seeds and flowers a huge advantage for plants adapting and surviving on land?

Plants can efficiently reproduce thanks to ways of seed dispersal and pollination

Whiteboard Quick Questions

The stomata and guard cells on a plant work together to efficiently prevent….

Water loss

Whiteboard Quick Questions

 A stomate in the lower surface of the leaf has a function most similar to the function of which cell structure?

(1) cell membrane (2) vacuole (3) ribosome (4) nucleus

Whiteboard Quick Questions

If only one type of tree is planted in an abandoned field, the ecosystem will

(1)evolve quickly and become extinct

(2) be unable to reach dynamic equilibrium

(3) contain little genetic variability

(4) be unable to cycle materials

Whiteboard Quick Questions

Buffalo grass is a species of plant found on the grazing prairies of Wyoming. It is a tough grass that has silicates (compounds containing oxygen and silicon) that reinforce its leaves. For hundreds of years, this grass has survived in an adverse environment. Which statement best explains the presence of this grass today?

(1) There are no variations in this grass species that help it to survive in an adverse environment.

(2) Silicates are necessary for photosynthesis.

(3) The current species has no mutations.

(4) The silicates in the grass have given the species an advantage in its environment.

Whiteboard Quick Questions

Besides plants giving us oxygen, consider a life without plants….

What would people do without plants for food and non food purposes?

Plant ReproductionPlant ReproductionHow Do Plants Reproduce?

Plant Reproduction What is everything you already know about

how plants reproduce asexually and/or sexually?

With your partner, write down in the box in your notes all the information you already know about reproduction in plants.

Two Ways2. Sexual reproduction Plants can reproduce in

two ways

1. Asexual Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction

Vegetative reproduction or “propagation”

Do not need reproductive parts - can use roots, stem, or leaves (ex: stem cutting)

Can occur rapidly

Think – Pair – Share

Are the offspring from vegetative reproduction genetically the same or different?

Sexual Reproduction Flowers are the

reproductive organs of plants

Observe the flower to the right. With your partner determine which are the female and male reproductive parts

Male Reproductive Parts

Female Parts

(pistil)

Male Reproductive Parts

Male Parts

The Stamen consists of the anther

The anther produces pollen that is used to fertilize the plant

(acts as “sperm”)

Female Reproductive Parts

Female Parts We call the

“carpel” the pistil

The stigma is sticky and receives the pollen

The pollen goes down a tube to fertilize the ovary (like the egg)

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma

• This is an example of cross-pollination as the pollen travels from one flower to a different flower. This is desirable in plants as it promotes variation.

Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

Click to view the animation

Seeds & Fruit After fertilization the ovary ripens into a fruit

The fruit produces seeds

The Seed The seed germinates

= embryo grows into new plant

Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test

Embryo

Cotyledon: Food Source

Seed Grows

Seed Dispersal Wind – By “flight”,

like parachutes, wings, etc.

Ex. Dandelion

Animal- Fruits which animals eat, drop undigested seeds in feces or burrs which stick to animals’ coats

Pollination Flowers are

designed to lure insects to help with the pollination process through bright colors, shapes, nector, and odor

• Also:

1. Wind

2. Animals

3. Birds

4. People

Plant Pigment Chromatography

What is paper chromatography? **Chromatography is the separation and

identification of substances in a mixture

Plant Pigment Chromatography

Plant Pigment Chromatography

Today you will perform a lab in which you will use paper chromatography to separate and identify the pigments in a spinach leaf

Plant Pigment Chromatography

Since paper chromatography takes time, while you wait for your chromatography to finish, you will research information about vascular plants

Plant Pigment Chromatography