An introduction to EMTP-RV [相容模式]
Transcript of An introduction to EMTP-RV [相容模式]
An introduction to EMTP-RV
August 2012
The simulation of power systems has never been so easy!
Power system simulation tools
50/60 HzDC kHz, MHz
Transient Stability programs : Eurostag, PSS/E, DigSilentSuitable for high scale networks
Frequency range : 0.1Hz – 1kHz
Simplified modeling of HVDC and FACTS components
Short circuit calculation :CYME 5.0 (CYMFAULT), ETAP
Calculations based on sequence dataSuitable for high scale networks
Frequency range : 50/60 Hz
Load-flow calculation :CYME 5.0 (CYMFLOW), ETAP, PSLF, …
Calculation on 3-phase networks Mainly on balanced networksFrequency range : 50/60 Hz
EMTP type programs : EMTP-RV, ATP, PSCAD, SimPowerSystemsNot suitable for high scale networksDetailed modeling of equipmentsFrequency range : 0.1 Hz – MHz
All software can handle transient study related toelectromechanical time constants but EMTP-RV canhandle electromagnetics time constant which aresignificantly smaller (faster transients).
EMTP-RV, the Restructured Version
• Written from scratch using mostly Fortran-95 in Microsoft Visual Studio environment.
• Include all the EMTP96 functionalities and much more:– 3-phase unbalanced load-flow– Scriptable user interface– New models : machines, nonlinear elements…– No topological restrictions
• New numerical analysis methods :– Newton-raphson solution method for nonlinear models– New three-phase load-flow– Simultaneous switching options for power electronics applications– Open architecture coding that allows users customization (ex : connection
with user defined DLL)
EMTP-RV benefits:• Robust simulation engine
• Easy-to-use, drag and drop
interface
• Unmatched ease of use
• Superior modeling flexibility
• Customizable to your needs
• Competitive pricing
• Superior modeling flexibility
– Can’t find exactly what you’re looking for in the device library? Simply add your own user-defined device.
– Scripting techniques provide the ability to externally program device data forms and generate the required Netlists. A symbol editor is used to modify and customize device drawings. Scripting techniques are also used for parametric studies.
– EMTPWorks also lets the user define any number of subcircuits to create hierarchical designs.a
Customizable to your needs
EMTP-RV Package includes:
• EMTP-RV : computational engine
• With EMTP-RV, complex problems become simple to work out.A powerful and super-fast computational engine that provides significantly improved solution methods for nonlinear models, control systems, and user-defined models. The engine features a plug-in model interface, allowing users to add their own models.
• EMTPWorks : Graphical User Interface
EMTPWorks, the user-friendly and intuitive Graphical User Interface, provides top-level access to EMTP-RV simulation methods and models.EMTPWorks sends design data into EMTP-RV, starts EMTP-RV and retrieves simulation results.An advanced, yet easy-to-use graphical user interface that maximizes the capabilities of the underlying EMTP-RV engine. EMTPWorks offers drag-and-drop convenience that lets users quickly design, modify and simulate electric power systems. A drawing canvas and the ability to externally program device data allows users to fully customize simulations to their needs. EMTPWorks can be used for small systems or very large-scale systems.
• ScopeView: the Output Processor for Data display and analysis
ScopeView displays simulation waveforms in a variety of formats.With EMTPWorks, users can dramatically reduce the time required to setup a study in EMTP-RV.
The software package
Key features
• EMTP-RV Key features
- The reference in transients simulation
- Solution for large networks
- Provide detailed modeling of the network component including control, linear and non-linear
elements
- Open architecture coding that allows users customization and implementation of sophisticated model
- New steady-state solution with harmonics
- New three-phase load-flow
- Automatic initialization from steady-state solution
- New capability for solving detailed semiconductor models
- Simultaneous switching options for power electronics applications
EMTPWorks Key features
• Object-oriented design fully compatible with Microsoft Windows
• Powerful and intuitive interface for creating sophisticated Electrical networks
• Drag and drop device selection approach with simple connectivity methods
• Both devices and signals are objects with attributes. A drawing canvas is given the ability to create objects
and customized attributes
• Single-phase/three-phase or mixed diagrams are supported
• Advanced features for creating and maintaining very large to extremely large networks
• Large number of subnetwork creation options including automatic subnetwork creation and pin positioning.
Unlimited subnetwork nesting level
• Options for creating advanced subnetwork masks
• Multipage design methods
• Library maintenance and device updating methods
The GUI key features
EMTPWorks: EMTP-RV user interface
EMTPWorks: EMTP-RV user interface
Object-oriented design fully compatible with Microsoft WindowsSingle-phase/three-phase or mixed diagrams are supportedLarge collection of scripts for modifying and/or updating almost anything appearing on the GUI
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Multi-source data importation Cursor region information
ScopeView
ScopeView is a data acquisition and signal processing software adapted very well for visualisation and analysis of EMTP-RV results.It may be used to simultaneously load, view and process data from applications such as EMTP-RV, MATLAB and Comtrade format files.
Function editor of ScopeView Typical mathematical post-processing
ScopeView
A versatile programEMTP-RV is suited to a wide variety of power system studies, whether they relate to project design and engineering, or to solving problems and unexplained failures.
EMTP-RV offers a wide variety of modeling capabilities encompassing electromagnetic and electromechanical oscillations ranging in duration from microseconds to seconds.
EMTP-RV’s benefits are:
Unmatched ease of use
Superior modeling flexibility
Customizable to your needs
Dynamic development road-map
Prompt and effective technical support
Reactive sales teams
A powerful power system simulation software
EMTP-RV’s strengths:
A powerful power system simulation software
• New and advanced HVDC models, including MMC-HVDC
• New wind generator models, including average-value model
• New control system diagram DLL capability
• New Simulink/Real-time Workshop interface DLL
EMTP-RV version 2.4 new features:
Workshop interface DLL
Improvements in synchronous machine model including a new black start option
Improvements in the asynchronous machine model
Capability to solve multiple frequency load-flow
Improved documentation and various other improvements
New application examples
EMTP-RV version 2.4 improvements:
EMTP-RV is suited to a wide variety of power system studies including and not limited to:
• Power system design
• Power system stability & load modeling
• Control system design
• Motor starting
• Power electronics and FACTS
• HVDC networks
• Lighting surges
• Switching surges
• Temporary overvoltages
• Insulation coordination
• Complete network analysis
• Ferroresonance
• Steady-sate analysis of unbalanced system
• Distribution networks and distributed generation
• Power system dynamic and load modeling
• Subsynchronous resonance and shaft stresses
• Power system protection issues
• General control system design
• Power quality issues
• Capacitor bank switching
• And much more!
Power system studies
Complete system studies:
•Load-flow solution and initialization of synchronous machines•Temporary overvoltages to network islanding•Ferroresonance and harmonic resonance•Selection and usage of arresters•Fault transients•Statistical analysis of overvoltages•Electromechanical transients
A versatile program
• Power system design• Power systems protection issues• Network analysis: network separation, power quality, geomagnetic
storms, interaction between compensation and control components, wind generation
• Detailed simulation and analysis of large scale (unlimited size) electrical systems
• Simulation and analysis of power system transients: lightning, switching, temporary conditions
• General purpose circuit analysis: wideband, from load-flow to steady-state to time-domain (Steady-state analysis of unbalanced systems)
• Synchronous machines: SSR, auto-excitation, control• Transmission line systems: insulation coordination, switching, design,
wideband line and cable models
Applications
• Power Electronics and FACTS (HVDC, SVC, VSC, TCSC, etc.)• Multiterminal HVDC systems• Series compensation: MOV energy absorption, short-circuit conditions,
network interaction• Transmission line systems: insulation coordination, switching,
design, wideband line and cable models• Switchgear: TRV, shunt compensation, current chopping, delayed-
current zero conditions, arc interaction• Protection: power oscillations, saturation problems, surge arrester
influences• Temporary overvoltages• Capacitor bank switching• Series and shunt resonances• Detailed transient stability analysis• Unbalanced distribution networks
Applications
Load-flow
Steady-state
Time-domain
Frequency scan
Simulation options
Simulation options
• Load-Flow solution – The electrical network equations are solved using complex phasors. – The active (source) devices are only the Load-Flow devices (LF-devices).
A load device is used to enter PQ load constraint equations. – Only single (fundamental) frequency solutions are achievable in this
version. The solution frequency is specified by ‘Default Power Frequency’ and used in passive network lumped model calculations.
– The same network used for transient simulations can be used in load-flow analysis. The EMTP Load-Flow solution can work with multiphase and unbalanced networks.
– The control system devices are disconnected and not solved. – This simulation option stops and creates a solution file (Load-Flow
solution data file). The solution file can be loaded for automatically initializing anyone of the following solution methods.
• Steady-state solution
– The electrical network equations are solved using complex numbers. This option can be used in the stand-alone mode or for initializing the time-domain solution.
– A harmonic steady-state solution can be achieved. – The control system devices are disconnected and not solved. – Some nonlinear devices are linearized or disconnected. All devices have a
specific steady-state model.– The steady-state solution is performed if at least one power source
device has a start time (activation time) lower than 0.
Simulation options
• Time-domain solution
– The electrical network and control system equations are solved using a numerical integration technique.
– All nonlinear devices are solved simultaneously with network equations. A Newton method is used when nonlinear devices exist.
– The solution can optionally start from the steady-state solution for initializing the network variables and achieving quick steady-state conditions in time-domain waveforms.
– The steady-state conditions provide the solution for the time-point t=0. The user can also optionally manually initialize state-variables.
Simulation options
• Frequency scan solution
– This option is separate from the two previous options. All source frequencies are varied using the given frequency range and the network steady-state solution is found at each frequency.
Simulation options
Build-in libraries andStandard models
available in EMTP-RV
EQUIPMENT FEATURES
advanced.clf Provides a set of advanced power electronic devices
Pseudo Devices.clfProvides special devices, such as page connectors. The port devices are normally created using the menu“Option>Subcircuit>New Port Connector”, they are available in this library for advanced users.
RLC branches.clf Provides a set of RLC type power devices. .
Work.clf This is an empty library accessible to users
control.clf The list of primitive control devices.
control devices of TACS.clf This control library is provided for transition from EMTP-V3. It imitates EMTP-V3 TACS functions.
control functions.clf Various control system functions.
control of machies.clf Exciter devices for power system machines.
flip flops.clf A set of flip-flop functions for control systems.
hvdc.clf Collection of dc bridge control functions. Documentation is available in the subcircuit.
lines.clf Transmission lines and cables.
machines.clf Rotating machines.
meters.clfVarious measurement functions, including sensors for interfacing control device signals with power devicesignals.
meters periodic.clf Meters for periodic functions.
nonlinear.clf Various nonlinear electrical devices.
options.clf EMTP Simulation options, plot functions and other data management functions.
phasors.clf Control functions for manipulating phasors.
sources.clf Power sources.
switches.clf Switching devices.
symbols.clf These are only useful drawing symbols, no pins.
transformations.clf Mathematical transformations used in control systems.
transformers.clf Power system transformers.
Built-in librairies
Library Models
RLC branchesR, L, C branchesPI circuitsLoadsState space block
Control
Gain, constantIntegral, derivativeLimiter,SumSelectorDelayState-space blockPLL…
Control of Machines IEEE excitation systemsGovernor / turbine
Flip flops Flip-flop D, J-K, S-R,T
Lines
CP (distributed parameters)FD (=CP + frequency dependence)FDQ (=FD for cables)WB (phase domain)Corona
Standard models
Library Models
Machines
Induction Machine (single cage, double cage, wound rotor)Synchronous MachinePermanent Magnet Synchronous MachineDC machine2-phase machine
Meters Current, voltage, power meters
Meters periodic RMS meters and sequence meters
Nonlinear
Non linear resistanceNon linear inductanceHysteresis reactorZnO arresterSiC arrester
Sources
AC, DC voltage sourcesAC, DC current sourcesLightning inpulse current sourceCurrent and voltage controlled sourcesLoad-flow bus
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Standard models
Library Models
Switches
Ideal switchDiodeThyristorAir gap
Transformations 3-phase <-> sequence3-phase <-> dq0
Transformateurs
Based on single phase units : DD, YY, DY, YD, YYD…Topological models : TOPMAGImpedance based : BCTRAN, TRELEGFrequency dependent admittance matrix : FDBFIT
AdvancedVariable loadSVCSTATCOM
Standard models
Easily find what you’re looking for by browsing or using a simple index.
Built-in librairy of examples
Typical designs
Modeling ElectricalSystems with EMTP-RV
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CVT
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Insulation Coordination of a 765 kV GIS
Network 765 kV Line
PowerTransformer
588 kV Zno
To eliminateundesirable reflexions
Gas-Insulated SubstationAir-Insulated Substation
Gas-filledBushing
Open Circuit-Breaker
Gas-filledBushingInductive VT 588 kV Zno
Air-Insulated Substation
200 kA 3/100 usLightning Stroke
- Backflashover Case- Impulse Footing Resistance of the stricken Tower may be represented by Ri = f(I)- Usage of ZnO model based on IEEE SPD WG- Frequency-Dependant Line modeling
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LINE DATAmodel in: foudre_300m_ex1_rv.pun
foudre_300m_ex1.lin
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LIGHTNING_STROKE
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LINE DATAmodel in: foudre_30km_ex2_rv.pun
foudre_30km_ex2.lin
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Primary Arc: 5 kA effSecondary Arc: 40 AWind Speed: 9.7 km/hSecondary Arc Duration: 1.04 sec.315 kV insulator string, l=2.3 m
Validation of the Secondary ArcModel with IREQ Laboratory Tests
Field Recording(10-08-1986)
EMTP-RV Simulation(05-22-2005)
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For mu (50 Hz) = 0.06 H/m:
For mu (700 Hz) = 0.01 H/m:
Xac=Xca= 9 OhmsXba=Xbc=7 OhmsXab=14 OhmsXaa= 1741 OhmsXbb= 1750 OhmsXcc=1741 Ohms
Xac=Xca= 54 OhmsXba=Xbc=42 Ohms Xab=84 OhmsXaa= 1741 OhmsXbb= 1750 OhmsXcc=1741 Ohms
20 m65 m
Line CVT
Line
F= 0.548 Wb, N=1409 turns, L1=5.617 H
Network Substation 420 kV Busbar CT Double-break 420 kV SF6 C.-B. 420 kV Busbar CVT Three-phase 420 kV Shunt-Reactor
Switching of A 420 kV Three-Phase Shunt-Reactor
State of the art simulation introducing:- A realistic model of a three-phase shunt reactor taking into account the asymetrical couplings of the magnetic circuit;- A realistic circuit-breaker model based on the well-known Cassie - Mayr modified arc equations.
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Large Gen.-Load Center40 M W
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77 M W WIND IM GENERATION(Constant speed)
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Windmill Power GenerationIn a weak Power System
5 x 2 MVA Doubly-fedwith PWM controller(Variable Speed)
8 MW
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12 x 2 MVA Doubly-fedwith PWM controller(Variable Speed)
Weak Local 69 kVNetwork (150 MVA)
LL-g 6 cycles fault
- Realistic Wind Data;- Realistic DFIG Modeling;- Realistic Network & Load Models- Realistic Harmonic Distorsions & Dynamic Performances
11 MW
scopeP_Gr1scope
Q_Gr1
1
269/6.6 YgD_1
0.11Ohm
VM+
?v
m1
P Q p1
scopeQ_netwscope
P_netw
P Q p3
scopeP_Gr2
scopeQ_Gr_2
+
170uF
ASM
S
ASM1
?m6.6kV5000hp
AVR
inout
AVR_SM1
1
269/13.8 YgD_2
+
69kV /_0
SM
13.8kV10MVA
?m
SM1
I/O FILES
DFIG_1
v
WIND1
1 2
69/0.69
YgD_3
DFIG_2
v
WIND2
+
+
+
1uF
+0.4k
+4
+32Ohm
+100
+
30
+
5nF
C3
+
5nF
C4
PQp2
+
5/5.1/05/5.1/01E15/1E15/0
?i
SW1+
1
Delay!h
+
40nF
+
40nF
1
269/0.69
YgD_4
MPLOT
Np,NqKp,Kq
Z Dist
MW,MX,PF
Va,Vb,Vc
50/60 Hz
VLOADg1
Np,NqKp,Kq
MW,MX,PF
Va,Vb,Vc
50/60 Hz
VLOAD2
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
E
E
F
F
G
G
H
H
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
T5
TRANS3
CBCB
TRANS2
T5
CB
T1T1
T15 T25
CB
BB1
BB2
T1
Q2Q2Q2
Q2
Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1
CABLE3
CB
T1
CABLE2
Q1 Q2
CB
T1
Q1
CABLE1
T1
T5
TRANS1
T1
Q2Q2Q1
GWGW
Backflashover at 300 m from the substationon the 4th connected 150 kV line
Tower
three 150 kV lines
MCOV=112 kVMCOV=112 kV
MCOV=112 kV
0.25m
reference
1.1m
1.1m
1.1m
0.50m
1.254cm
2.6225cm
2.9335cm
CB
Insulation Coordination of a 150 kV GIS
+
2nF
CP
+
17.4
+
0.1nF
CP
+
1.6
CP
+
1.75
+
+ +
CP+
1.1
CP+
1.1
CP
+
1.75
+
CP
+
1.6
+ +
CP+
1.1
CP+
1.1
CP
+
3000
+
2nF
CP
+
10.6
+
0.1nF
CP
+
1.6
CP
+
1.75
+
+ +
+
0.1n
F
+
0.1n
F
CP+
1.1
CP+
1.1
CP
+
1.75
+
+
CP
+
2.3
CP
+
1.6
+
CP+
1.1
CP+
1.1
+
CP
+
1.6
CP
+
3850
+ +
CP+
1.1
CP+
1.1
CP
+
1.75
+
CP
+
1.6
+ +
CP+
1.1
CP+
1.1
+
2nF
CP
+
11.1
+
0.1nF
CP
+
1.6
CP
+
1.75
+
+ +
CP
+
3850
+L1
3uH
+L2
3uH
CP
+
1.75
+
AC1
170kVRMSLL /_180
+R1
150
CP
+
30
+
R2
20
+
g1
?vi>
S
CP+
300
DEV6
CP+
300
VM+m1
?v
VM+m2
?v
VM+m3
?v
+R3
450
+Zn
OZnO1
?i2800
00
+L3
3uH
+Z
nO
ZnO2
?i
+R4
450VM+
m4
?v
+Z
nO
ZnO3
?i2800
00
VM+m5
?v
VM+m6
?v
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
E
E
F
F
G
G
H
H
I
I
J
J
K
K
L
L
M
M
N
N
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
1 10 0
CCPD
R6-11R1-11R1-5
61
113
CCPD
R2A-5 R6-12R2A-12
R5-7 R6-7
788
R2G-5 R2G-6
UNIT 21110 MVA
UNIT 1806.5 MVA
22.8 kV Delta345/1.732 kV Yn
23.9 kV Delta346.4/1.732 kV Yn
Start & Standby Xformers
Start & Standby Xformers
CCPD
f=8.77 kHz
Inductiv e VT
345/161 kVAutotransformer
345/161 kVAutotransformerThree-Phase-to Ground
Fault Location
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
TRV STUDY AT A 345 kV SUBSTATION
CB_2DISC
33'+
33'+
33'+
+
0.1nF
90'
+
CB_2DISC
33'+
33'+
110'
+
+
7.5nF
CB_2DISC
2 3
1
327.5/161/13.8
110'
+
+
1.nF
+
2.5nF
+
1.nF
+0.1uF
CP
+
17.8
5 C
P+
15.8
1
33'+
150'
+
33'+
33'+
CB_2DISC
33'+
33'+
33'+
33'+
CB_2DISC CB_2DISC
150'
+
33'+
CB_2DISC CB_2DISC
33'+
33'+
150'
+
150'
+
+
0.1nF
+
7.5nF
220'
+
33'+
220'
+
33'+
CB_2DISC
150'+
33'+
300'+
+
0.1nF
55'+
450'+
450'+
55'+
+
0.1nF
90'+
HVLV
DEV19
+C13
2nF
450'+
55'+
+
0.1nF
55'+
450'+
+
C15
2nF
+
279171.940927 /_-5 279171.940927 /_-125 279171.940927 /_115 PQbus:LF3
VwZ3
LF
Phase:0
P=-491.5MWQ=37.4MVARVsine_z:VwZ3
LF3
+
50nF
300'+
+
0.1nF
110'+
+
1.3e+5 /_-12 1.3e+5 /_-132 1.3e+5 /_108 PQbus:LF4
VwZ4LF
27.39MW11.01MVAR
LF
Phase:0
P=-204.9MWQ=-29MVARVsine_z:VwZ4
LF42
3
1
345/161/15
+
2.8e+5 /_-7 2.8e+5 /_-127 2.8e+5 /_113 Slack:LF5
VwZ5
LF
Phase:0
Slack: 343.27kVRMSLL/_0Vsine_z:VwZ5
LF5
75'
+
75'
+
90'
+
110'
+
+
7.5nF
+0.1uF
View Steady-State
VM+
?v m1
+
30
+
50nF
+
30
R
5
+
50nF
+
30
R
6
FD+
FD+
VM+
?v m2
+900
R8
+1020
R9
+450
R10
+
1.nF
+
1.nF
+
0.3nF
150'+
+ 2.
5nF
CB_2DISC
+
25nF
+0.0281Ohm
+
28.1
+
0.001124
LF
Phase:0
P=850MWV=23.712kVRMSLLs155aVsine_z:VwZ2
LF2
+0.0281Ohm
+
28.1
+0.0281Ohm
+
28.1
+0.0281Ohm
+
28.1
+
25nF
+
25nF
+
25nF
+
19707 /_-12 19707 /_-132 19707 /_108 PVbus:LF2
VwZ2
+
2500
R17
+0.00119
+
0.02975Ohm
+29.75
+
25nF
LF
Phase:0
P=676MWV=23.712kVRMSLLs184aVsine_z:VwZ6
LF6
+
0.02975Ohm
+29.75
+
0.02975Ohm
+29.75
+
0.02975Ohm
+29.75
+
25nF
+
25nF
+
25nF
+
20136 /_-12 20136 /_-132 20136 /_108 PVbus:LF6
VwZ6
+
2500
R24
VM+
?v m3
HVLV
DEV3
1.00/_3.5
1.03/_0.8
1.00/_3.5
0.99/_-1.0
1.01/_0.30.99/_0.0
s184
s155
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
E
E
F
F
G
G
H
H
I
I
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
200 MW Wind Farm Integration Study
138 kV Network
+/- 80 MVars SVC
Wind
RL
+
PI1 Wind
RL
+
PI2
Wind
RL
+
PI3
Wind
Wind
Wind
RL
+
PI5
Wind
RL
+
PI6
v
DEV1
12DYg_1
0.69/34.5
12DYg_2
0.69/34.5
12DYg_3
0.69/34.5
1 2DYg_4
0.69/34.5
1 2DYg_5
0.69/34.5
1 2DYg_6
0.69/34.5
Wind
Wind
12DYg_7
0.69/34.5
12DYg_8
0.69/34.5
RL
+
PI8
RL
+
PI7
v
DEV2
v
DEV3
12DYg_9
0.69/34.5
VM+m1
?v
3x 1x
1
2
SVC_1Unique top
+RL1
Wind
12DYg_10
0.69/34.5
RL
+
PI9
2
3
1
138/34.5/13.8?
+
C2
CP+
50.00
CP+
50.00
RL+
PI4
RL
+
PI1
0
+SW1
-1|1.1|0
+SW2
1.6|1.7|0
+SW3
-1|1.1|0
+SW4
1.6|1.7|0
+SW5
1|1E15|01|1E15|01e15|1E15|0
+
AC1
140kVRMSLL /_0
Np,NqKp,Kq
MW,MX,PF
Va,Vb,Vc
50/60 Hz
VLOAD1
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
E
E
F
F
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
HVLV
Tertiary
Dynamic Resistance ControllerModeling Eddy losses
Simulated Saturation Characteristic (Air reactance of 45.8%)[email protected] pu = 300 kOhms
Air reactance=44.3%@ 170 M VA
Modeled Hysteresis Characteristic at 1.0 &1.4 pu
Obtained HV Hysteresis Characteristic at 1.0 & 1.4pu (including Cap & Eddy losses)
Vm2 rms in pu of 303.11 kV Im1 (rms) in pu of 170 MVA 1.2 0.021 1.3 0.180 1.4 0.406
Ferroresonance Study
+RL1
0.721,54.06Ohm+
RL2
0.0001,0.0001Ohm
+
0.054,2.68Ohm
+3.4nF
+
1.15nF
+
1.227nF
+
?vipfHyst2 +
4.025nF
+
4.025nF
+
132.79
+
66
+
Tr0
303.12kV
Tr0_2
+
303.11kVRMS /_0
AC1
P Q
p1
scopeP
scopeQ
+ A?i
m1
i
i
hfit1
jacobson_siemens_170mva_3.datmodel in: jacobson_siemens_170mva_2.hys
+
IY
IY ?i
v(t)
p21
297.2
loss1
Int1
scopescp3
Ftb1
scopescp9
Gain1
110000
RECIP1 Fm1
scopescp10
ABS1
Fm2
+
0.5,10Ohm
+ 200
+
0.1uF
v(t)
p3
++-
sum1
+
-1|50ms|5
+VM
m2 ?v
+
5nF
V1
V1
Ydyn
Ydyn
V2
V2
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
E
E
F
F
G
G
H
H
I
I
J
J
K
K
L
L
M
M
N
N
O
O
P
P
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
1 10 0
2900 mm
2x x
g = 12 mm
x= 710 mm
Three-Phase 420 kV 100 MVARS Shunt Reactor
For mu (50 Hz) = 0.06 H/m:
For mu (700 Hz) = 0.01 H/m:
Xac=Xca= 9 OhmsXba=Xbc=7 OhmsXab=14 OhmsXaa= 1741 OhmsXbb= 1750 OhmsXcc=1741 Ohms
Xac=Xca= 54 OhmsXba=Xbc=42 Ohms Xab=84 OhmsXaa= 1741 OhmsXbb= 1750 OhmsXcc=1741 Ohms
20 m65 m
Line CVT
Line
F= 0.548 Wb, N=1409 turns, L1=5.617 H
Network Substation 420 kV Busbar CT Double-break 420 kV SF6 C.-B. 420 kV Busbar CVT Three-phase 420 kV Shunt-Reactor
Switching of A 420 kV Three-Phase Shunt-Reactor
State of the art simulation introducing:- A realistic model of a three-phase shunt reactor taking into account the asymetrical couplings of the magnetic circuit;- A realistic circuit-breaker model based on the well-known Cassie - Mayr modified arc equations;
+
1.6nF+
1uH
+
1uH
+
0.5
+
0 .5
outin
Simplified Arc Model based onMayr 's & Cassies equations
DEV1
CB_ARC_a
outin
Simplified Arc Model based onMayr 's & Cassies equations
DEV2
CB_ARC_a
+
1.6nF
+
1.6nF
+
1uH
+
1uH
+
0.5
+
0 .5
outin
Simplified Arc Model based onMayr 's & Cassies equations
DEV3
CB_ARC_a
outin
Simplified Arc Model based onMayr 's & Cassies equations
DEV4
CB_ARC_a
+
1.6nF+
1uH
+
1uH
+
0.5
+
0 .5
outin
Simplified Arc Model based onMayr 's & Cassies equations
DEV5
CB_ARC_a
outin
Simplified Arc Model based onMayr 's & Cassies equations
DEV6
CB_ARC_a
+
C8
0.05nF
+
C9
0.05nF
+
C10
0.05nF
+
1.6nF
+
1.6nF
+
+
4nF C11
+
+
+
4nF
C13
+
30m H+
200nF
+
10
+0 .8
R10
+
3000
+
405k VRM SLL /_ -30
AC1
VM+m 1
?v
+
+
1 .15nF
+
1.15nF
+
2
00k
+
20
0k
+
0.
75nF
+
0
.75n
F+
0
.375
nF
+
0
.75n
F
+
0.
75n
F
+
0
.375
nF
+
25uH
+
R12
350
I/O FILES
BUS24
c
b
a
BUS23
c
b
a
cb
a
c ba
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
E
E
F
F
G
G
H
H
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
Validation of the Air gap leaderModel with CIGRE equation
The leader length varies between 3 and 6m
The applied surge varies between -3 and -5M V
Length (m) 3 4 5 6
Voltage(MV)
Equation Model Equation Model Equation Model Equation Model3 1.2516 1.69 2.568 2.9 5.4155 4.8 4 0.6944 0.95 1.2516 1.58 2.1491 2.15 3.6902 3.1 5 0.4622 0.69 0.7867 1.1 1.2516 1.3 1.9316 1.8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
x 10-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
x 106
t (ms)
y
PLOT
breakdown time
Vleader_3MV@vn@1
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0x 10
6
t (ms)
y
PLOT
Vleader@vn@1Vsurge2@vb@1
breakdown time comparison in us
breakdown time definition
A typical leader breakdown voltage compared to the applied surge voltage
Ref:1- Shindo, Takatoshi; Suzuki, Toshio (CRIEPI) " New Calculation Method of Breakdown Voltage-Time Characteristics of Long Air Gaps", IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-104, No. 6, June 1985, pp 1556-1563.
2- DARVENIZA(M.); POPOLANSKY (F.); WHITEHEAD (E.R.) "Lightning protection of UHV transmission lines", CIGRE report 1975-41.
VM +?v
m2
+
-3060kV/-14000/-4166666?v
Vsurge
+10
0
R
I/O FILES
Lead
er
+
AG
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
E
E
F
F
G
G
H
H
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
Step changes in Io
Rectifier
f req limitsset here
1 Ph f ault
3 Ph f aultDCf ilter
To Bipolar DC system
Current Controller w ith VDCL PI Controller
Scaling of Id
Fault/Test Sequence Generator: Enter: amplitude and timing sequence
AC-DC Voltage Measurement Circuit
AC Filters
Inv erter
DC Fault
Model of HVDC Rectifier operating with weak ac system and bipolar 6-p dc system
Prepared by: V.K.Sood, [email protected]: May 2003
Purpose: Teaching/Training of personnel on HVDC systems
Tests possible:1. Step change in Io2. Voltage Dependent Current Limit (VDCL)3. Block/Deblock of firing pulses4. DC Line fault with protection & recovery sequence5. Three phase ac bus fault, with recovery sequence6. Single phase ac bus fault, high impedance, no protection7. Forced retard of rectifier firing pulses8. Step change in oscillator frequency
Kp=0.35Ki=0.35
Suggested Test Sequences
Description Amplitude Timing
1. Step Io -0.2 pu 300-500 ms2. VDCL 1.0 pu 300-500 ms3. BLOCK 1.0 pu 300-500 ms4. DCFault 1.0 pu 300-350 ms Apply FR 0.75 pu 325-375ms5. ACFault3 0.75 pu 300-400ms6. ACFault1 1.0 pu 300-400ms7. FR 1.0 pu 300-400ms8. Step Frequency 25 Hz 300-400ms
This is necessary f or f ast initialisation
Recov ery f rom a dc f ault will require FR to be coordinated
Forced Retard Rectif ier
f min=f o-df
f max=f o+df
Frequency Measurement Circuit
c1.0
C1
PI
u outKpKi
DEV2
c
C2
0.35
v (t)p1 F123456
sg5
11600
Firing_Generator
F2F3F4F5F6deblock
pulse_train
Bridge_starF1
Bridge_delta
F7F8F9
F10F11F12
V.K.Sood
DEV5
sg8
scopescp1
scopescp2
1234456
123456
123456
c
C3
0.35
+ AC2
?vi
230kV /_60
1 2
230/205.45
YY2
1 2YgD_2
230/205.45
3-phase +
-gates
6-pulse bridge+
350mH
3-phase +
-gates
6-pulse bridge
+
350mH+R8
2.5
VM+?v
m1
+++
sum3c0.3
C4
c1.2
C5
DC1
220kV
DC2
220kV
+RL1
0.25,45mH
D1
+R
LC RLC
3
1000
,0,0
.1uF
RLC
+
RLC4
1k,0,0.1uF
+R3
2.5
D2
+R
2
0.1
MAX
1
2
3 Fm1
+R
LC RLC
6
1000
,0,0
.1uF
sg6
f(s)fs1
sg2
sg3
sg4
sg7
+R
LC RLC
1
1000
,0,0
.1uFRLC
+
RLC2 1,0.2814,1uF
+cSW1
+
cSW2
+cSW3
+
cSW
4
sg1
+cSW5
+--
+
sum2
RLC
+
RLC5 1,0.2814,1uF
Fm8
Fm9
RLC
+
0.63,19.52mH,3.009uF
RLC8
+
3.846mH
L3
+
4.573uF C6
+
82.6
R4
v (t) i(t)p2
RLC
+0.63,27.83mH,3.009uF
RLC7
+R5
1
+R6
1
+R7
1
+
L4
250mH
+R1
1
VDCLIo_limIref
Vd_static
Imax
Imin
Vd_dynamic
V.K.Sood
DEV3DEV3DEV3
vd_rec
vac_rec vd_out
vd_rec_pu
Vdetector
DEV1
Delay
0.050
dly1
lim1
1
-0.15
0.15
NOR
1
2
3
4
Fm3
PLL osc 1freq_order
freq_measpulse_train
V.K.Sood
DEV6
fa_inf_outfb_in
fc_in
f_measure
V.K.Sood
DEV4
DOUBLE CLICK HERE FOR MORE INFO
3456
F12
1
3456
2
Iref
freq_meas
Step_Io
rec_star_pulses
rec_delta_pulses
pulse_train
error
rec_star_bus
rec_delta_bus
id_rec
id_rec
Io_limit
id_rec_pu
s40
Imin
Imax
vd_rec
rec_bus
fo
v_pri_rec_av_pri_rec_b
v_pri_rec_c
vac_rec
vdcl_input
vd_out
ACFault3
s123
s158
deblock
VDCL
GND
DCFault
ACFault1
Startup
b
a
a
c
rec_bus2
FR
vd_rec_pu
BLOCK
freq_order
rec_star_firing
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
E
E
F
F
G
G
H
H
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
Validation of the Secondary ArcModel with IREQ Laboratory Tests
Field Recording(10-08-1986)
EMTP-RV Simulation(05-22-2005)
Primary Arc: 5 kA effSecondary Arc: 40 AWind Speed: 9.7 km/hSecondary Arc Duration: 1.04 sec.315 kV insulator string, l=2.3 m
Ref.: Kizilcay M., Bán G., Prikler L., Handl P.: "Interaction of the Secondary Arc with the Transmission System duringSingle-Phase Autoreclosure" IEEE Bologna PowerTech Conference, June 23-26, 2003 Bologna, Italy, Paper 471
+SW1
100ms/200ms/0
+
1.60uF C2
+0.7,13Ohm
?iRL1
+
R1
0.2
+
66.4kVRMS /_0
AC1
+R2
300
+ C3 1.05uF
+
R3
0.2
I/O FILES
Sec
onda
ry a
rc+DEV1
Sec_ARC_a
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
E
E
F
F
G
G
H
H
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
Equivalent 120 kV Network
Example of Synchronous/Asynchronous Machine Modeling
Fault & System Islandingat 9 s
Starting motor at 1 s
420 MW Load
32 MW Synchronous Motor Load
Induction motors in steady-state
- Starting an 11000 hp motor at 1s with 5 induction machines already in steady-state- LL-g fault on the 120 kV bus with system islanding at 9 s- System recovery by the governor system of the large SM until 30 s- Case showing the good numerical stability of large number of machines in EMTP-RV- Ref. (Motor): G. J. Rogers, IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, Vol. EC2, No 4 Dec. 1987, pp. 622-628.- Using variable output rate after 15 s of simulation.
SimulationoptionsI/O FILESMPLOT
1 2DYg_SM2
13.8/122
+
0.2uF
+
3
+
1uF
+1
+
120kV /_17
Network+
12
YgD_1
120/26.4
12YgYg_np1
25.5/12
SM
SM_load
?m12kV40MVA
0.11Ohm
12YgYg_np2
?25.5/6.6
+
1/1E15/0
?i
SW_ASM1
+
40uF
C4
PQ
scop
e
Q_ASM1
scop
e
P_ASM1
+
240uF
P Q+
-1/9.15/0
?iSW_Network
+
0.2uF
C3
+
SW
_Fau
lt
9/9.15/09/9.15/01E15/1E15/0
+
1
scop
e
P_net
scop
e
Q_net
P QLoad1
+
C7 380uF
ASM
S
6.6kV11000hp
?m
AS
M2
ASM
S
6.6kV11000hp
?m
AS
M3
ASM
S
6.6kV11000hp
?m
AS
M4
ASM S
6.6kV11000hp
?m
ASM1
SM
SM2
?m
13.8kV500MVA
AVR&Gov(pu)
Out
IN
AVR_Gov_SM2
Speed Tm
S TASM1_control
Pm
Om
ega_
1f(u) 1
SM_load_control
VM +Vnet
?v
ASM
S
6.6kV11000hp
?m
AS
M5
ASM
S
6.6kV11000hp
?m
AS
M6
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
E
E
F
F
G
G
H
H
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
Creating a 5% Voltage DipDuration of 45 sec.
+/- 10% of 230 kVin 6 taps of 1.667%Initial Tap at -2Td0=10 s, Td inverseDeadband of 1%
+/- 15% of 26.4 kVin 8 taps of 1.875%Initial Tap at -2Td0=15 s, Td inverseDeadband of 1.5%
Operation of Tap Changers During a Voltage Dip
Transmission Line
V1magrad
1loss1
21555
scopeV_26kV_pu
0.0130.22Ohm
Tap Vmeas
OLTC_Control1
1 2
230/26.4?
YD_1
+
508kVRMSLL /_2 508kVRMSLL /_-118 508kVRMSLL /_122 Slack:LF1
VwZ1
LF
Slack: 500kVRMSLL/_0Vsine_z:VwZ1
LF1
PI
+ PI1
2
3
1
YgYgD_np1
500/230/50
Tap Vmeas
OLTC_Control2
V1magrad+
C1
0.1uF
1loss2
187771
scopeV_230_pu
Np,NqKp,Kq
Z Dist
MW,MX,PF
Va,Vb,Vc
50/60 Hz
VLOADg1
Np,NqKp,Kq
Z Dist
MW,MX,PF
Va,Vb,Vc
50/60 Hz
VLOADg2
+
50
R1
+5/50/0
SW
1
I/O FILES
MPLOT
1.01/_-44.91.02/_-3.4
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
- L1 (uH) = 15 d/n; R1 (Ohm) = 65 d/n- L0 (uH) = 0.2 d/n; R0 (Ohm) = 100 d/n- C0 (pF) = 100 n/d
d is the Height of the arrester and n is the number of parallel columns
Example of Modeling of an Ohio-Brass Zno Arrester for a 330 kV NetworkMCOV= 209 kV d=1.8 m, n=1
A0 & A1 Characteristics adjusted to get 516 kV for a 2 kA 45 us Switching Surgethen L1 adjusted to get 604 kV for a 10 kA 8/20 us Lightning surgethen checking for 10 kA 0.5 us front of wave 664.5 kV vs 665 kV from Ohio-BrassFANTASTIC!!
0.5 us8 us45 us
ZnO Arrester model based on IEEE Surge ProtectiveDevice Working Group
ZnO
+
ZnO1
516000
ZnO
+
ZnO2
516000
+
R1
117
+L1
42uH
+
C1
0.0555nF
+
R0
180
+L0
0.36uH
Data functionZnO
model in: A0_1_Char.pun
Data functionZnO
A1_1_Char.dat
model in: A1_1_Char.pun
VM+m1
?v
+ Isurge1
?i
10.7kA/-70000/-4755000
Simulationoptions
+ Isurge2
?i
24.9kA/-55000/-175000
+ Isurge3
?i
2.95kA/-5000/-46500
I/O FILES
New example
New example
New example
New example
New example
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