An Introduction to Carbon Emissions + Climate Change...An Introduction to Carbon Emissions + Climate...

An Introduction toCarbon Emissions + Climate Change

Wednesday 20 January 20103:30PM – 5:00PM

International Builders Show

Presented by

Ryan Taylor, AIA

taylor28design LLC

Atlanta, Georgia

Wednesday 20 January 2010 International Builders' Show 2


The National Association of Home Builders is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available on request.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.



This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction,

distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the

speaker is prohibited.

© 2010 taylor28design LLC


Learning Objectives

1. Gain the big-picture perspective necessary to explain the relevance of green building programs to potential clients.

2. Learn how to use objective measures to track carbon emissions from building systems and products.

3. Leave with talking points and resources to position yourself as a responsible builder in your local community.


Content

1. Frame of Reference

2. Evolution of Climate Change

3. Legislation + Federal Stimulus Funds

4. Voluntary “Green” Building Programs

5. Carbon Emissions + Carbon Neutral Homes

6. Conservation through Passive Systems

7. Getting to Know Our Owners

8. Monitoring Our Market(s)

9. Our Action Items

10.Closing Remarks + Questions


The Old Decision Model


Decision Models

Old Decision Model New Decision Model

Source: The HOK Guidebook to Sustainable Design, Second Edition

Schedule Quality

Cost

Quality Ecology

Schedule

Cost

HumanHealth,Safety &Comfort


Evolving Perspective

Cradle to CradleCradle to Grave

Upstream (Embodied Energy)

Downstream

Technical Nutrients

Biological Nutrients

Natural Capital


Human Health, Safety + Comfort


Evolution of Design

International StyleHenry Russell Hitchcock & Philip Johnson

1932 Museum of Modern Art Exhibition

Never gone out of print?

World WarsRapid Evolution of Technology

Technology Overwhelms Nature


Mies van der RoheWednesday 20 January 2010 International Builders' Show 12

Evolution of Perspective

1960’sSpace Exploration: Earth Rise

1970’sOil EmbargoEarth DayLegislation

Environmental Protection AgencyClean Air and Clean Water Acts

1980’sRelative Cheap EnergyAdvocacy for Sustainable Building


Content









9. Our Action Items



Climate Change Evolution

Global WarmingInitial Language|Older Terminology

Still Appears in Reporting

Climate ChangeMore Scientific

Naturally Occurring Cycles

Climate CrisisLater Term

Crisis Fatigue

Political Force of Language


Effect of Greenhouse Gases


Greenhouse Effect

Facts and FiguresIncoming Solar Radiation: 343 watts per m2

Incoming Solar Radiation Absorbed by the Surface of the Earth: 168 watts per m2

Warming Effect: 33o C or 59o F

Water VaporWarmer Air Can Hold More Water Vapor

Climate Models


Greenhouse GasesWater Vapor

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)Burning Fossil Fuels, Solid Waste, Wood Products

Chemical Reactions (Cement Production)

Methane (CH4)Production of Coal, Natural Gas and Oil

Livestock, Agriculture, Decay of Organic Waste

Nitrous Oxide (N2O)Burning Fossil Fuels, Solid Waste, Wood Products

Ozone (O3)

Fluorinated GasesIndustrial Processes

Substitute for Ozone-Depleting SubstancesWednesday 20 January 2010 International Builders' Show 18

Wednesday 20 January 2010 International Builders' Show 19 Wednesday 20 January 2010

International Builders' Show 20



Carbon Emissions

Key Contributors

Potential Effects

Measurable Levels

Projections

Global Warming(?)

Similar Case Studies

Sulphur Dioxide (Acid Rain)

Chlorofluorocarbons (Ozone Depletion)


US Energy Information Administration


US Energy Information Administration

Carbon Dioxide Gas (Million Metric Tons)

2007: 6,017.0, 2008: 5,839.3

Economic Conditions

Higher Energy Prices (Summer Driving Season)

Economic Contraction (3 out of 4 quarters)

Lower Carbon Intensity of Electrical Supply


NOAA Recent Monthly Mean CO2


NOAA Historic CO2 (From 1958)


Dr. James Hansen, DirectorNASA Goddard Space Center


Intergovernmental Panelon Climate Change




Climate Models


Acceptable Carbon Levels?


Carbon Concentration Thresholds for Global Warming of 2° Celsius

1980’s and 1990’s Thinking: 550ppmRecent Thinking: 450ppm or lessAdvocacy for 350ppm or lessCurrently 388ppm


Carbon EmissionsDr. Andrew L. Dannenberg, MD, MPH

Associate Director for ScienceNational Center for Environmental Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention


Content









9. Our Action Items



Our Government at Work


American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

Signed into Law February 17, 2009

DOE Recives $36.7B Funding

Renewable Energy

Carbon Capture and Storage

Energy Efficiency

Smart Grid

Local Controls for Increased Efficiency

More Protection for Users

Office of Electricity & Energy Reliability


Smart Grid

Intergovernmental Panel

on Climate Change

Carbon Concentration Thresholds for Global Warming of 2° Celsius

1980’s and 1990’s Thinking: 550 ppm

Recent Thinking: 450 ppm or less


DOE Recovery Act Funding


DOE Recovery Act Funding


Federal Tax Credits


Current Federal Tax Credits30% of Cost Up To $1,500

Biomass Stoves

Insulation

Roofs

Water Heaters

Windows and Doors

30% of Cost With No Upper Limit

Geothermal Heat Pumps

Small Wind Turbines

Solar Energy Systems

30% of Cost Up To $500 per 0.5KW of Capacity

Fuel Cells and Microturbine Systems


Mortgages and Financing


Mortgages and Financing

Andy DaveyWednesday 20 January 2010 International Builders' Show 43

Impact of Federal Legislation


Impact of Federal Legislation

Energy Independence and SecurityAct of 2007

Adjustment to Daylight Savings

Light Bulb Requirements

All General-Purpose Bulbs that Produce 310 to 2600 Lumens Must Be 30% More Efficient Than Current Bulbs by 2012 to 2014

100w Incandescent Bulb Phase-Out by 2012

40w Incandescent Bulb Phase-Out by 2014

Exemptions for Specialty Lights


Impact of Federal Legislation(on Owners)

Possible Benefits of Legislation

Reduced Energy Consumption at Home

Reduced Cooling Loads at Home

Reduced Costs for Infrastructure

Possible Challenges of Legislation

Interrupted Use of Existing Devices

Color Temperature of Lighting

Dimmable Fixtures

First Cost of New TechnologiesWednesday 20 January 2010 International Builders' Show 46

Global Incandescent Phase Out

2005: Brazil and Venezuela

2009: Australia, Ireland, Switzerland

2011: Argentina, Italy, Russia and UK

2012: Canada, European Union and US


American Clean Energy andSecurity Act of 2009

Passed US House June 26, 2009Cap and Trade Program, Effective 201217% Reduction of Total GHG to 2005 Levels by 202083% Reduction of Total GHG to 2005 Levels by 2050Use of Domestic and International OffsetsFunding for Carbon Capture and StorageRenewable Electricity and Energy Efficiency Standard of 20% by 2020


Cap and Trade Examples

Kyoto Protocol of 1997, came into force 2005

European Union Emission Trading Scheme

California Air Resources BoardDraft Released November 24, 2009

California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (AB 32)

Western Climate Initiative


Western Climate Initiative


EPA Regulation of Greenhouse Gases

April 2, 2007 US Supreme Court Ruling Grants EPA Authority to Regulate GHG Tailpipe Emissions Under Clean Air Act

(CAA) Section 202(a)(1)

The Six Key GHGs Pose A Threat to Public Health and Welfare for Current and

Future Generations.


Content









9. Our Action Items



Building Codes

Minimum Standards for Life Safety

Observing Local Conditions

Climate

Seismic

Natural Resources

Local Amendments

Vernacular Architecture

Inspired by Local Issues and Technologies



Energy Codes

Governance of Residential Projects

Manual J “Residential Load Calculation”

Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA)

Energy Code Compliance Affidavit


Minimum Insulation R-Values




Sustainable Building Programs

Local ProgramsCity, County and StateEarthCraft House Program

National Association ProgramsNational Association Of Home Builders with the International Code CouncilU.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)

LEED 2.0 introduced in 2000LEED for Homes introduced in 2007

LEED for Neighborhoods roll-out in 2010

Government ProgramsEnergy Star


NAHB National GreenBuilding Program


USGBC LEED for Homes(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)

1. Innovation & Design Process (ID) Special design methods, unique

regional credits, measures not currently addressed in the Rating System, and exemplary performance levels.

2. Local & Linkages (LL) The placement of homes in socially and environmentally

responsible ways in relation to the larger community.

3. Sustainable Sites (SS) The use of the entire property so as to minimize the project’s

impact on the site.

4. Water Efficiency (WE) Water-efficient practices, both indoor and outdoor.

5. Energy & Atmosphere (EA) Energy efficiency, particularly in the building

envelope and heating and cooling design.

6. Materials & Resources (MR) Efficient utilization of materials, selection of

environmentally preferable materials, and minimization of waste during construction.

7. Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) Improvement of indoor

air quality by reducing the creation of and exposure to pollutants.

8. Awareness & Education (AE) The education of homeowner, tenant,

and/or building manager about the operation and maintenance of the green features of a LEED home.


DOE Energy Star


DOE Energy Star 2011


Energy Rating Systems

Energy Audit (Observation)

RESCheck Software

Home Energy Rating System (HERS) Index Score

Plan Review (Software Package)

Energy Star Compliance

On-site Construction Evaluations

Blower Door Test

Duct Test


REScheck Software


Energy Rating Systems

Energy Audit (Observation)

RESCheck Software

Home Energy Rating System (HERS) Index Score

Plan Review (Software Package)

Energy Star Compliance

On-site Construction Evaluations

Blower Door Test

Duct Test


Residential Energy Services Network (RESNET)


HERS Index after July 1, 2006, HERS Score before July 1,2006Wednesday 20 January 2010 International Builders' Show 68

Residential Energy Services Network (RESNET)


Opportunities fromVoluntary Green Building Programs

90% of opportunities for sustainable building occur in the first 10% of design. (Peter Pfeiffer?)

Less Expensive to Conserve than to ProduceFocus on Passive Response

Durable Solutions

Building Commissioning

Third Party Verification


Challenges ofVoluntary Green Building Programs

Checklist Solutions

Tunnel Vision

Loss of Vernacular Architecture

Native or Indigenous Solutions

Gadget Green


Content









9. Our Action Items



EPA Carbon Emissions Calculation


EPA Carbon Emissions Calculation


Carbon Footprint Calculation


Embodied Energy: EcoRock Example


Embodied Energy: EcoRock Example

Cures through exothermic reactionIt does not require the typical energy input:

First burn to dry the gypsumGrindingBoil water to make slurryShapingDrying

85% post-industrial recycled contentFully recyclable“No Smokestack Plant” does not burn fossil fuels

Zero-Energy Homes, Zero-Energy Building, Net-Zero Homes, etc.More than 70% of Energy Used in Our Homes:

Appliances, Refrigeration, Space Heating, Cooling & Water HeatingWednesday 20 January 2010 International Builders' Show 77

Carbon Neutral Homes






Content









9. Our Action Items



Building Envelope Components

Structure

Insulation

Penetrations

Foundation and Crawl Space

Roof and Attic



Semi Conditioned Space


Building Envelope: Structure


Building Envelope: Structure“Advanced Wall Framing”

Office of Building Technology, U.S. Department of Energy


Building Envelope: Wall Insulation

Fiberglass, 3.14 – 4.30 R/inch

Open-cell Spray Foam, 5.6 R/inch

Closed-cell Spray Foam, 6.2 R/inch

Cellulose, 3.70 R/inch

Insulated Sheathing Board, 3.75 R/inch(¾” Extruded Polystyrene)


Building Envelope: PenetrationsDoors and Windows

New Approach by Energy Code

Quality vs. Quantity


First Cost Case Study:Bid Sheet Line Items

House One: 2500sf

Conventional 2x4 Framing

Code Required Insulation

Code Required Windows

Code Required Doors

5 ton HVAC capacity

House Two: 2500sf

Conventional 2x6 Framing

Advanced Framing Methods

Additional Insulation

Better Windows

Better Doors

3.5 ton HVAC capacity

Tunneling Through the Cost Barrier


First Cost Case Study

Life Cycle Cost vs. First Cost

Embodied Energy

Deconstruction + Recycling Energy

Bid Sheet Line Items

Communicating With the Owner

Contractor Consulting During Design Phases (Negotiated Bid)


Air Flow

Effect of “Loose” Construction

This undercut is ¾” tall and 2’-8” wide. It’s total area is 24square inches: the equivalent of almost a 5” by 5” hole in

the building envelope.


Air Barrier

AIR BARRIER. Any material that blocks air flow between a

conditioned space and an unconditioned space, including

necessary sealing to block excessive air flow at edges and

seams. (Information on proper air sealing may be found in

Appendix A, ‘AIR SEALING KEY POINTS’, on the U.S.

Department of Energy’s Building America website

[www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/building_america], and in

the Energy and Environmental Building Association’s

[EEBA’s Builders Guides [www.eeba.org]. These references

include guidance on identifying and sealing air barriers.)



Bathtub Drain Penetration






Air Flow Diagrams

The JLC Guide to Moisture

Control: Practical Details for Durable Buildings

By Journal of Light ConstructionPublished October 2007

See Also:Joseph Lstiburek, Ph.D., P.Eng.

www.buildingscienceconsulting.com


Content









9. Our Action Items



Programming

Needs Assessment

Problem Seeking rather than just Problem Solving

Owner Education

Getting to Know the Project TeamDesign for Family Size + Needs

Challenge to Speculative Building

No One Washes a Rental Car


Why Take Action onGlobal Warming?

Hedge Against Rising Energy Costs

Reduced Maintenance Costs (and Labor)

Challenged National Infrastructure

Better Quality of Life: IEQ, General Health, Etc.

Higher Property Value + Reduced Sale Time

Better Quality of Life for Everyone


Content









9. Our Action Items



Using Social Media


Using Social Media


Using Social Media


Expectations from Popular Culture

Nissan LEAF


Tracking Legislative Issues


Tracking Legislative Issues

Summary of Daily Events, Legislative Digest

Professional AssociationsLocal, State and National

Related Trades

Chamber(s) of Commerce

Watch Dog and Special Interest Groups

Law Firms


Content









9. Our Action Items



Our Action Items

1. Triple Bottom Line Commitment1. People, Planet and Profit

2. Walk the Walk

3. Positioning Your Passion1. Find your Blue Ocean by Listening

4. Learning|Mentoring Relationships

5. Community Education

6. Community Service vs. Arrogance

7. Legislative Issues (Expert)


Content









9. Our Action Items



Closing Remarks

Generational Challenges

We Don’t Need Global Warming to Motivate Owners

What’s Business As Usual?

The reward for work well done is the opportunity to do more.

- Jonas Salk

This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Program


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An Introduction to Carbon Emissions + Climate Change...An Introduction to Carbon Emissions + Climate...

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