An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...
Transcript of An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...
![Page 1: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Paddy Boyle, Paddy French, Johan Frijns,
Wouter Serdijn, Jeroen Briaire
An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear
Implants, new developments
based on bioelectronics
![Page 2: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Overview
• Introduction
• The healthy cochlea
• The cochlear implant
• New generation devices
• Summary
![Page 3: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Advanced Bionics
• Founded in 1991 by Al Mann
• Request from UCSF – Robert Schindler MD
• Located in southern California
• First implants in Europe in 1993
• Formally part of Boston Scientific
• Now part of Sonova
• Around 800 staff
• 80 in Europe
• European Research Center Hannover
![Page 4: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Brain
Cochlea
![Page 5: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
AdvancedBionics.com
The Cochlea • Basic anatomy
• Around 2.5 turns in the human
• Some 10 mm across
• Coiled to save space rather than for function
• Basal turn separated from the others
• Three dimensional structure
• Elevation significant for higher turns
• Non-uniform change from turn to turn
• 25 to 40 mm length between individuals
![Page 6: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Cochlear Function
• Transduction of mechanical to neural
activity
• Tonotopic organization high to low
frequency from base to apex
• Compressive non-linearity of basilar
membrane: 120 dB dynamic range
• Motile outer hair cells (OHC) provide
active tuning mechanism
• Inner hair cells (IHC) do transduction
![Page 7: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Cross-section through cochlea
Nauwelaers T, with permission
![Page 8: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
![Page 9: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Frequency response
![Page 10: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Working of a Healthy ear.
Movement of hair cells inside the
cochlea leads to sense of
hearing.
Anatomy of human ear.
![Page 11: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Electrode Array in Position
![Page 12: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cochlear Implant
12
![Page 13: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Hearing Instrument
Input-Output function
Input Sound Pressure Level dB SPL
Ou
tpu
t S
ou
nd
Pre
ssu
re L
ev
el
dB
SP
L
Expansion
Linear
Compressed
Clipped
25 40 100
50
65
95
![Page 15: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Goals of compression
• Restore normal loudness growth
function
• Maximize audibility of low intensity
sounds
• Avoid discomfort from higher
intensity sounds
![Page 16: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Materials Applications
Metal
Titanium Case; Encapsulation
Platinum Electrode
Iridium Electrode
Zirconium Case
Gold Coil; Encaspulation
Non-metal
Ceramic Case; Feedthroughs
Glass Feedthroughs
Silicone rubber Carrier; Encapsulation
Parylene Insulation coating
Teflon Insulation coating
Biocompatibility and Biocompatible
materials.
FDA approved materials used in Cochlear
Implant’s [1]
[1] Cochlear implants: System Design, Integration &
Evaluation, Fan-Gang Zeng, Stephen Rebscher, IEEE Rev
Biomed Eng. January 2008, 115 – 142.
Definition:
“ The ability of the material to perform with an appropriate
host response in a specific application”
Factors considered under Biocompatibility:
• Material properties.
• Host response.
• Material functionality.
• Corrosion, Fatigue, Fracture, Adsorption,
Absorption, Degradation.
• Byproducts generated due to degradation.
• Ability to achieve hermetic isolation.
![Page 17: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Wannaya Ngamkham
Supervisor : Dr. Ir. W. A. Serdijn
Low power read out
electronics & integration
Electrode design, fabrication
& biological interface
Nishant Lawand
Supervisors : Prof. Dr. P J. French
Prof. Dr. ir. J H M. Frijns
Dr. J. J. Briaire
Complete System
level Optimizations
Ghazaleh Nazarian
Supervisor: Dr. G. N. Gaydadjiev
Framework of Smac-it project.
![Page 18: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
System
In CI’s, the software frame work running on the speech processor is
composed of: Profiler, Graphical-User-Interface, Compiler, Assembler
and other sub-modules
![Page 19: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Electronics
![Page 20: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Wavepackages
![Page 21: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Microfabricated completely Flexible
Device
![Page 25: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
“Flexi-Stiff”
![Page 26: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Conclusions
• Cochlear implants have restored hearing to many 1000’s of people around the world.
• Present day implants restore hearing but have limited
sound quality due to limited numbers of electrodes
and they miss the lower frequencies.
• Improved electronics, software and implant
technology will lead to a new generation of cochlear
implants with greater sound quality.
![Page 28: An Improved Bionic Ear, Cochlear Implants, new ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012018/615c3920385b8920bf7b7606/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)