An Emerging New Nation1783-1855

Pages 236-295

James MonroePresident 1817-1825

Define:

1. Missouri Compromise

2. Monroe Doctrine

Missouri Compromisepages 228-229

Problem: Before 1820, the number of slave states equaled the number of free states. Missouri wanted to be admitted as a slave state increasing the power of the South in the Senate.

Solution:

1) Maine would be admitted as a free state at the same time maintaining the balance of free and slave states.

2) Territories north of 36° 30' N would be closed to slavery.

Missouri Compromise

Monroe Doctrine

Monroe Doctrine

A Growing America in the early 1800’s

• Territorial Expansion

• Inventions and innovations

• Growth of nationalism

• Social, cultural and religious changes

• Growth of sectionalism

Territorial Expansionpage 249

I. trans-Appalachia• Americans started moving across the

Appalachian Mountains.• New states were formed:

• Ohio • Indiana• Illinois (1818)

• Native Americans were forced westward.

Appalachian Mountains

Appalachian Mountains

Territorial Expansionpage 251

II. Florida• Pinckney’s Treaty (1795) stated:

– _____ controlled Florida.– U.S. could have free use of ____________.– Spain and U.S. would control _______ in their

territories to prevent attacks.

• Andrew Jackson leads troops into Florida– In the First _______ War, U.S. claimed possession of

western Florida.– Secretary of State _________ accused the Spanish of

failing to control the Seminoles.– In 1819, the _________ was signed. Spain ceded

Florida and the U.S. ceded _________.

Territorial Expansionpage 253

III. Bound for the Pacificmanifest destiny- belief that it was the undeniable

fate of the U.S. to expand across North AmericaWagon trains traveled along the Oregon Trail.Why go?1. .2. .3. .In 1845, 5,000 Americans were in Oregon Country.

Britain and U.S. decided on the 49th parallel to divide the territory.

49th parallel between US and British Canada

49th parallel between US and British Canada

Territorial Expansionpage 255

Mormon MigrationsThe Mormons, a religious group, founded by

____________ in New York State moved to ____, then ____and then _______. Finally, Brigham Young brought them to ______ outside of U.S. territory.

Gold RushThe “forty-niners” rushed to _____ after gold

was discovered. Many mining towns turned into _______.

Territorial Expansionpage 262-265

Effects of Mexican Independence

• Mexico becomes independent from Spain in 1821.

• Americans dominate trade with Mexico.

• More and more Americans settle in Mexican territory.

Texas Fights for IndependenceWrite dates and what happens each time.

pages 263-265

• 1822• 1825• 1830• 1833• 1835• October, 1835

• December, 1835• March 2, 1836• March 6, 1836• April 21, 1836• May 14, 1836• Fall, 1836

The Alamo

The Election of 1824pages 293-295

Why was the election of 1824 unusual?• Four people ran for office.• No one was declared the winner because no one

received a majority of electoral votes.• As the Constitution states, when no candidate receives

a majority of electoral votes, the House of Representatives decides the election.

• John Quincy Adams, the son of John Adams, becomes the sixth president of the U.S.

• (In 1828, Andrew Jackson beats the incumbent easily.)

Election of 1824

Presidential Candidates

Electoral Votes

% Popular Votes

%

John Q. Adams 84 32% 108,740 31%

Andrew Jackson 99 38% 153,544 43%

Henry Clay 37 14% 47,136 13%

William Crawford

41 16% 46,618 13%

Make two circle graphs- one for electoral and one for popular votes

50%

1/2

25%

1/4

Election of 1824

Electoral Votes Popular Votes

During Jackson’s presidency…pages 300-302

Define:

Indian Removal Act-

Trail of Tears-

During Jackson’s presidency…pages 300-302

Define:

Indian Removal Act- 1830 law calling for the president to give Native Americans land in parts of the Louisiana Purchase in exchange for land taken from them in the East.

Trail of Tears- The forced movement of Cherokees in 1838 to land west of the Mississippi River.

The Mexican Warpage 351

Write the dates and what happens on each one.

• August, 1843• April, 1844• 1845• March, 1845• November, 1845• March, 1846• April, 1846

• May 13, 1846• January, 1847• February, 1847• March, 1847• September 14, 1847• February 2, 1848• 1853

Rio Grande or Nueces River?

Gadsden Purchase

The Slave Trade

• Between 1501 and the 1860’s, at least 12 million African men, women, and children were forced from their African homelands.

• Millions are estimated to have died in the Middle Passage crossing the Atlantic Ocean- one leg of the triangular trade.

Middle Passage

The Triangular Trade

Slavery Timeline1441- Portuguese sail to Africa and return with slaves.1501- African slaves are brought to the New World by

Spanish settlers.1581- First African slaves in Florida at St. Augustine,

the first Spanish settlement in the U.S.1619- First black indentured servants arrive in

Jamestown, Virginia, the first English settlement in the U.S.

1787- U.S. Constitution includes the 3/5 Compromise and the decision to wait until 1808 to decide about the slave trade

1803- Cotton gin is invented by Eli Whitney.

The Cotton Gin

                                                                                    

              

1808- Slave trade legally ends1831- Nat Turner’s rebellion, the most serious slave

revolt in U.S. history1838- Frederick Douglass escapes from slavery1849- Harriet Tubman escapes to the North and helps

others escape on the Underground Railroad1857- U.S. Supreme Court decides the Dred Scott

case1863- the Emancipation Proclamation is issued by

President Lincoln1865- the 13th Amendment is ratified ending slavery

Underground Railroad

Slavery in the U.S.

• The slave trade and the free labor of slaves created considerable riches for others.

• The South, especially the cotton belt, became dependent on slave labor.

• By 1860, there were nearly ___ million slaves in the U.S.

(Look on page 288.)

Slave Revoltspages 288-289

1. What did Gabriel Prosser, Nat Turner and Denmark Vesey have in common?

2. Why do you think slave revolts were not successful?

Innovations and Inventionspages 272-279

Describe each one in your own words:1. Industrial Revolution2. high-pressure steam engine3. water-powered textile mill4. interchangeable parts5. cotton gin6. steamboat7. high-pressure steam locomotive8. textile factory

Industrial Revolution

• Production was increased by using machines rather than the power of humans or animals.

• Began in Great Britain during the 1700s

high-pressure steam engine

• Developed in Britain between 1765-1785

• Using the energy given off by steam to generate the power

water-powered textile mill

• Falling water provided power to the mill

• Slater brought the knowledge from Britain to Rhode Island in 1793

interchangeable partsEli Whitney had the idea to make identical

parts for a gun speeding up production and making a greater profit.

cotton gin

cotton gin

In 1794, Eli Whitney patented a machine that separates the seeds from raw cotton fibers.

What were the effects of the invention?

1.

2.

3.

4.

cotton fields

cotton yarn

steamboat• Steam engine was placed on a boat

• Allowed the boat to go upriver

• Robert Fulton invented the first commercially successful steamboat in 1807.

• Increased trade and profit

high-pressure steam locomotive• Developed by British and American

inventors

• Railroads proved to be more efficient than boats.

• They could pull more passengers and goods more quickly than boats.

textile factory

• Francis Lowell built the first centralized textile factory in 1814 where all the tasks involved in making a product are done in one location.

• The water-powered mill brought together all the tasks of spinning, weaving and dyeing the natural cotton into finished cloth.

• Production increased dramatically.

• Manufacturing would become the backbone of the economy in the North.

textile factory

textile factory

Effects of the Expanding Economypages 278-279

1. Free enterprise system- companies compete for profit; capitalism

People who can find better, faster and more efficient ways of running their businesses are rewarded.

2. Working outside the home

3. Rise of shopping

4. Rise of banking- business loans helped increase production and create more profit.

A Growing America in the early 1800’s

• Territorial Expansion

• Inventions and innovations

• Growth of nationalism

• Social, cultural and religious changes

• Growth of sectionalism

Growth of Sectionalism

• The United States was becoming more and more divided into two sections or regions: the North and the South.

• Each had its own economy and culture.

• The North had two main parts:– the Old Northwest- Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,

Michigan, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota– the Northeast- New York, New Jersey,

Pennsylvania and New England states

Farming in the Northwest

• Corn, wheat and other grains were grown

• New inventions: steel plow by John Deere, mechanical reaper by Cyrus McCormick

• Challenge: grains would spoil once harvested

• Solution: get them to market quickly or turn them into a product that would not spoil

Industries in the Northeast

• Most people still lived in rural areas, but the urban areas were growing.

• Manufacturing increased rapidly, especially near rivers

• Coal was mined in Pennsylvania.• Thousands of people moved to the cities

looking for work. The cities were not equipped for the population growth.

Labor Disputes in Factories

• Most factory owners paid their employees little and did not provide a healthy place to work.

• From 1834-1836, there were more than 150 strikes.

• Labor unions were organized to protect the workers; unions soon died out.

The Growth of Nationalismpages 290-295

After the War of 1812, there was a growing spirit of nationalism.

– Pride in the whole country– U.S. is unique and leading the way Monroe Doctrine (1823)

1. .

2. .

3. .

4. .

The Growth of Nationalismpages 290-293

After the War of 1812, there was a growing spirit of nationalism.

– Pride in the whole country– U.S. is unique and leading the way Monroe Doctrine (1823)1. U.S. would not get involved with European affairs.2. U.S. would not interfere with existing colonies.3. U.S. would not permit any further colonization in

the Western Hemisphere.4. If Europe tried to take control of any nation in the

Western Hemisphere, it is a hostile action.