An AQ Assessment Tool for Local Land Use Decisio ns
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Transcript of An AQ Assessment Tool for Local Land Use Decisio ns
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An AQ Assessment Tool for Local Land Use Decisions
MnAPA Annual ConferenceSeptember 28, 2011
St. Cloud, Minnesota
Mark Filipi, AICP PTP
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Metropolitan Council Background 2009 legislative mandate to prepare Land Use and Planning Resources Report .
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Land Use and Planning Resources Report
Identify and assess land use & transportation strategies for 3 goals:
Reduce air pollution,Mitigate congestion, andReduce costs for operation, maintenance
or improvement of infrastructure.
Develop voluntary land use air quality assessment tool for local decision-makers.
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Air Quality Assessment Tool
Assess green house gases (along with other criteria pollutants).
Based on local data to maximum extent possible.
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Travel Model Data RequirementsData needed to develop assessment
tool:Vehicle-miles-traveled data (VMT) –
by trip purpose and community.
VMT elasticity relationships to adjust “Base Case” VMT to “Alternative Land Use/Design Scenario” VMT based on difference between development scenarios.
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AQ Emission Rate Data Requirements
Data needed to develop assessment tool:Air pollutant emission rate data
generated with MOVES2010 using local input data from various available existing sources.
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“Base Case” Land Use VMT Data
Regional travel demand model used to estimate and tabulate baseline “Base Case” VMT.
VMT aggregated for:Home-Based,Non-Home Based, Through, andTruck Trips
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Community Aggregation TAZ based VMT aggregated to
communities based on:Existing list of community TAZs, andTAZs with only a portion in a
community – GIS used to calculate area in community and homogenous distribution of land uses assumed to exist, so TAZ total VMT multiplied by calculated percent in community.
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Calculation of VMT rates for HB and NHB Trips
Population, household and employment data taken from Council website to ensure consistency with publicly available data.
VMT for Home-Based trips divided by # of households in community.
VMT for Non-Home Based trips divided by # of employees.
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Range of Resulting VMT Rates
Definitions:Free Standing Growth Center – typically old farm community
with job opportunities commensurate with residential intensity
Rural Community – Typically a few households clustered around a crossroads with a few businesses thrown in
SubArea HB VMT per HH NHB VMT per Employee
Central City 32 19Suburb 55 27Free Standing Growth Center
42 22
Rural Community 93 65Township 115 84
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Land Use Strategies and Elasticities
Travel and the Built Environment: A Meta-Analysis; Ewing and Cervero; JAPA; Summer 2010
TCRP Report 95: Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes:Ch. 13: Parking Pricing and FeesCh. 15: Land Use and Site DesignCh. 17: Transit Oriented Design
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Land Use Strategies and Elasticities
StrategyBuilt Environment
Variable ElasticityConcentration of Population and Households
Population and/or Household Density -0.04
Diversity of Land Uses Land Use MixJobs/Housing Balance
-0.09-0.02
Design Intersection/Street DensityPercent 4-way Intersection
-0.12
-0.12
Accessibility Job Accessibility by AutomobileJob Accessibility by Transit
-0.20
-0.05
Transit Distance to Nearest Transit Stop
-0.05
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Assessment Tool Implementation
Currently implemented as an Excel® spreadsheet – some elements password protected
Long term implementation as application on Council website – facilitate maintenance of data from:Updates of travel forecast modelUpdates of air pollutant emission rates
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Assessment Tool Implementation
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Use of Assessment Tool
Local development data“Build” scenario data – typically from
development proposal“No-Build” scenario data – potential
sources: Existing development “Typical” recent development Previous planned development
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Assessment Tool Implementation
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Assessment Tool Implementation
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Assessment Tool Implementation
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Assessment Tool Implementation
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Assessment Tool Implementation
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Assessment Tool ImplementationConclusions:
This is not a tool to estimate actual total emissions, just potential reductions between alternative land use scenarios.
Requires “Base Case” and “Alternative Land Use/Design” scenarios to calculate change in independent variable.
Can assist local decision makers in considering air quality impacts of land use decisions.
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An AQ Assessment Tool for Local Land Use Decisions
MnAPA Annual ConferenceSeptember 28, 2011
St. Cloud, Minnesota
Mark Filipi, AICP [email protected]