perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id JURNAL KOMUNIKASI ...
AN ANALYSIS OF POWER RELATION BETWEEN A TEACHER AND …€¦ · perpustakaan.uns.ac.id...
Transcript of AN ANALYSIS OF POWER RELATION BETWEEN A TEACHER AND …€¦ · perpustakaan.uns.ac.id...
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id
commit to user
AN ANALYSIS OF POWER RELATION BETWEEN A
TEACHER AND HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS INTERACTION
IN THE MOVIE ENTITLED “FREEDOM WRITERS” (BASED
ON CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS)
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment for Requirements
For The Sarjana Sastra Degree in English Department
Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts
Sebelas Maret University
By:
Yunita Tyas Puspitasari
C0308008
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2014
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id
commit to user
ii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id
commit to user
iii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id
commit to user
iv
PRONOUNCEMENT
The researcher honestly declares that the thesis An Analysis of Power Relation
between a Teacher and High School Students Interaction in the Movie Entitled
“Freedom Writers” (Based on Critical Discourse Analysis) is not a plagiarism.
The thesis is originally written by the researcher. All of the information which
relates to other people’s works are written in quotation and stated in the
bibliography.
If the pronouncement is proven to be incorrect, the researcher will be ready to
accept any academic consequence and penalty, including the cancellation of the
thesis and academic degree obtained from completing the thesis and study.
Surakarta, April 2014
Yunita Tyas Puspitasari
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id
commit to user
v
MOTTOS
“Every second you spend angry or upset
is a second of happiness you can never get back.”
- Ika Natassa
“For every dark night, there’s a brighter day.”
- Tupac Shakur
“A mistake is part of life, and not doing the same mistake
is a lesson learned from life.”
- Mickey Mouse
“What we should really fear is not failure, but the heart that is no
longer brave enough to take risks and embrace challenges.”
- G-dragon of Big Bang
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id
commit to user
vi
DEDICATION
I sincerely dedicate this thesis to…
My beloved Mom and Dad for the endless love and prayers
My family for the never ending cares and support
My superb friends ex-Trisula, Lovely BFF, Shining Stars,
KBSeoul~o, Sahabat Sehat and ED’08 for all the best memories in life
Everyone who has become a part of my life
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id
commit to user
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirrobil’alamin, praise and gratitude are to the Most Merciful
and the Most Beneficent, Allah SWT, for blessing me in accomplishing this thesis
entitled An Analysis of Power Relation between a Teacher and High School
Students Interaction in the Movie Entitled “Fredom Writers”. I would like to
express my deepest gratitude and appreciation to the people who have ever helped
me in finishing this thesis.
1. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D as the Dean of Faculty of Letters and
Fine Arts for giving the approval for this thesis.
2. Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D as the Head of English Department
for supporting the finishing of this thesis.
3. Dra. Diah Kristina, M.A., Ph.D as my thesis consultant for guiding me in
accomplishing this thesis. Thank you for the patience and suggestion to
assist me in finishing this thesis.
4. Dra. SK Habsari, M.Hum.,Ph.D as my academic supervisor for the
assistance during my study. Thank you for the guidance and support
during my study in Sebelas Maret University.
5. My Late academic supervisor, Alm. Drs. Gatot Sunarno, although it was
just a short time we met, thank you for your kindness and support.
6. All the lecturers in English Department, who had taught me, thank you for
giving guidance during my study.
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id
commit to user
viii
7. The all time best motivators, my beloved mother and father, I know this
thesis comes out late, but thank you so much for your never ending love,
faith, and support. That is priceless!
8. My family, especially the super duper lovely brother and cousins: Rama,
Zhafran, Fathan, Hanan, and The Wiryo Martonos Gank. Thank you for
being so caring and supportive.
9. My precious friends: ex-Trisula, Lovely BFF, Shining Stars, Sahabat
Sehat, and KBSeoul~o team. You, guys, are more like family to me.
Thank you for always being there through my ups and downs.
10. All English Department 2008 students.
11. Everyone whom I met in my life.
12. My ideal type of a man, the Late Paul Walker, thank you for being such an
inspiration.
13. The last but not least, Super Junior, Big Bang, 2PM, Running Man, and
YG Family. Thank you for being the best mood-booster ever.
I realize that this research is not perfect. Therefore, I accept some advice
and criticism in order to make it better. Finally, I wish this research paper would
be useful for all readers.
Surakarta, April 2014
The Researcher
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id
commit to user
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ………………………………………………………........................... i
APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANT …………………………………….. ii
APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ………………………… iii
PRONOUNCEMENT ……………………………………………………….. iv
MOTTO ……………………………………………………………………… v
DEDICATION ………………………………………………………………. vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT …………………………………………………… vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………….................................................................. ix
LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………...…. xii
LIST OF FIGURES ………………………………………………………….. xiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS …………………….…………………………. xiv
ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………. xv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Research Background ……………………………………………… 1
B. Problem Statement …………………………………………………. 3
C. Research Objective ………………………………………………… 3
D. Research Benefit …………………………………………………… 4
E. Research Method …………………………………………………... 4
F. Thesis Organization ………………………………………………... 5
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id
commit to user
x
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Critical Discourse Analysis ………………………………………… 7
1. Power Relation …………………………………………………….. 9
2. “Power in Discourse” and “Power behind Discourse” …………….. 10
3. Three Stages of Critical Discourse Analysis ………………………. 12
4. Linguistic Evidences ………………………………………………. 22
B. A Movie Entitled “Freedom Writers” …………………………….... 27
1. The Rodney King Riots …………………………………………... 28
2. Holocaust …………………………………………………………. 29
3. Tupac Shakur ……………………………………………………... 31
C. Review of Related Studies .………………………………………… 32
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Method …………………………………………………… 34
B. Source of Data ……………………………………………………… 35
C. Sample and Sampling Technique …………………………………... 36
D. Instrument of the Research …………………………………………. 37
E. Research Design ……………………………………………………. 37
F. Technique of Collecting data ………………………………………. 37
G. Technique of Analyzing Data ………………………………………. 38
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS
A. Introduction ………………………………………………………... 40
B. Data Analysis ………………………………………………………. 41
C. Discussion ………………………………………………………….. 121
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id
commit to user
xi
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
A. Conclusion ………………………………………………………….. 128
B. Recommendation …………………………………………………… 133
BIBLIOGRAPHY
LETTER OF NOTIFICATION
APPENDICES
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id
commit to user
xii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1. Constraints on Discourse and Structural Effects ………………....... 11
Table 2.2. Formal Features ……………………………………………………. 15
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id
commit to user
xiii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1. The Descriptive Framework ……………………………………... 15
Figure 2.2. Interpretation …………………………………………………….. 18
Figure 2.3. Situational Context and Discourse Type ………………………… 20
Figure 2.4. Explanation ………………………………………………………. 21
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id
commit to user
xiv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
1. AB : Andre Bryant
2. BS : Ben Samuels
3. CN : Cindy Nigor
4. EB : Eva Benitez
5. GM : Gloria Munez
6. JH : Jamal Hill
7. M : Marcus
8. MG : Mrs. Erin Gruwell
9. S : Student(s)
10. T : Tito
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id
commit to user
xv
ABSTRACT
Yunita Tyas Puspitasari. 2014. An Analysis of Power Relation between a
Teacher and High School Students Interaction in the Movie Entitled “Freedom
Writers” (Based on Critical Discourse Analysis). Thesis: English Department
of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. Sebelas Maret University.
This research is conducted to analyze the power relation of teacher and high
school students’ interaction that can be found in the movie entitled “Freedom
Writers”. The aims of this research are: (1) to find the indicators of power that are
found in the interaction between a teacher and the students in the movie entitled
“Freedom Writers”, (2) to describe the relationship that is built between the
teacher and the high school students in the movie, and (3) to figure out the
participant, the teacher or the students, who shows more power in each
interaction.
This is a descriptive qualitative research. It refers to the method of solving
problems by collecting, classifying and interpreting the data of the research. The
data were collected by using a non-probability technique of sampling. The source
of data is a movie entitled “Freedom Writers”. The data are in the form of
transcript dialogue employed by the teacher (Mrs. Erin Gruwell) and the students
in the class scenes of the movie. Thus, the data were analyzed one by one to find
out the power relation between both participants.
The results of the research are as follows. First, the relationship between Mrs.
Gruwell and the students in Wilson High School was built under the traditional
classroom discourse that contains an unequal relationship of teacher and pupils. It
is also associated with the racial discourse, as the students in this case are
experiencing gang violence in their neighborhood. Second, the indicators of
power were divided into two parts. They are some indicators of power which
function is to show the teacher’s authority in the class (formal expression,
command, and appearance), and some indicators of power which function is to
express control and constraint to the students’ contribution in the class (turn-
taking, enforcing explicitness, formulation, and allusion). Third, the participant
who shows more power in the interaction is Mrs. Gruwell as the teacher. She was
experiencing power struggles in defending her position from some challenges of
power shown by the students in the class.
This research is intended to bring benefit for students who are interested in
analyzing written or spoken text by using Critical Discourse Analysis as an
approach. This research is also expected to give an inspiration for the practicing
teachers to understand more about their students.